Chapter 772

Il*lu"sion (?) , n. [F. illusion , L. illusio , fr. illu dere, illusum , to illude. See Illude .] 1. An unreal image presented to the bodily or mental vision; a deceptive appearance; a false show; mockery; hallucination.

To cheat the eye with blear illusions . Milton.

2. Hence: Anything agreeably fascinating and charning; enchantment; witchery; glamour.

Ye soft illusions , dear deceits, arise! Pope.

3. (Physiol.) A sensation originated by some external object, but so modified as in any way to lead to an erroneous perception; as when the rolling of a wagon is mistaken for thunder.

&hand; Some modern writers distinguish between an illusion and hallucination , regarding the former as originating with some external object, and the latter as having no objective occasion whatever.

4. A plain, delicate lace, usually of silk, used for veils, scarfs, dresses, etc.

Syn. -- Delusion; mockery; deception; chimera; fallacy. See Delusion . Illusion , Delusion . Illusion refers particularly to errors of the sense; delusion to false hopes or deceptions of the mind. An optical deception is an illusion ; a false opinion is a delusion .

E. Edwards.

Illusionable <Xpage=729>

Il*lu"sion*a*ble (?) , a. Liable to illusion.

Illusionist <Xpage=729>

Il*lu"sion*ist , n. One given to illusion; a visionary dreamer.

Illusive <Xpage=729>

Il*lu"sive (?) , a. [See Illude .] Deceiving by false show; deceitful; deceptive; false; illusory; unreal.

Truth from illusive falsehood to command. Thomson.

Illusively <Xpage=729>

Il*lu"sive*ly , adv. In a illusive manner; falsely.

Illusiveness <Xpage=729>

Il*lu"sive*ness , n. The quality of being illusive; deceptiveness; false show.

Illusory <Xpage=729>

Il*lu"so*ry (?) , a. [Cf. F. illusore .] Deceiving, or tending of deceive; fallacious; illusive; as, illusory promises or hopes .

Illustrable <Xpage=729>

Il*lus"tra*ble (?) , a. Capable of illustration.

Sir T. Browne.

Illustrate <Xpage=729>

Il*lus"trate (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Illustrated (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Illustrating (?) .] [L. illustratus , p.p. of illustrare to illustrate, fr. illustris bright. See Illustrious .] 1. To make clear, bright, or luminous.

Here, when the moon illustrates all the sky. Chapman.

2. To set in a clear light; to exhibit distinctly or conspicuously.

Shak.

To prove him, and illustrate his high worth. Milton.

3. To make clear, intelligible, or apprehensible; to elucidate, explain, or exemplify, as by means of figures, comparisons, and examples.

4. To adorn with pictures, as a book or a subject; to elucidate with pictures, as a history or a romance.

5. To give renown or honor to; to make illustrious; to glorify. [Obs.]

Matter to me of glory, whom their hate Illustrates . Milton.

Illustrate <Xpage=729>

Il*lus"trate (?) , a. [L. illustratus , p.p.] Illustrated; distinguished; illustrious. [Obs.]

This most gallant, illustrate , and learned gentleman. Shak.

Illustration <Xpage=729>

Il`lus*tra"tion (?) , n. [L. illustratio : cf. F. illustration .] 1. The act of illustrating; the act of making clear and distinct; education; also, the state of being illustrated, or of being made clear and distinct.

2. That which illustrates; a comparison or example intended to make clear or apprehensible, or to remove obscurity.

3. A picture designed to decorate a volume or elucidate a literary work.

Illustrative <Xpage=729>

Il*lus"tra*tive (?) , a. 1. Tending or designed to illustrate, exemplify, or elucidate.

2. Making illustrious. [Obs.]

Illustratively <Xpage=729>

Il*lus"tra*tive*ly , adv. By way of illustration or elucidation. [R.]

Sir T. Browne.

Illustrator <Xpage=729>

Il*lus"tra*tor (?) , n. [L.] One who illustrates.

Illustratory <Xpage=729>

Il*lus"tra*to*ry (?) , a. Serving to illustrate.

Illustrious <Xpage=729>

Il*lus"tri*ous (?) , a. [L. illustris , prob. for illuxtris ; fr. il- in + the root of lucidus bright: cf. F. illustre . See Lucid .] 1. Possessing luster or brightness; brilliant; luminous; splendid.

Quench the light; thine eyes are guides illustrious . Beau. & Fl.

2. Characterized by greatness, nobleness, etc.; eminent; conspicuous; distinguished.

Illustrious earls, renowened everywhere. Drayton.

3. Conferring luster or honor; renowned; as, illustrious deeds or titles .

Syn. -- Distinguished; famous; remarkable; brilliant; conspicuous; noted; celebrated; signal; renowened; eminent; exalted; noble; glorious. See Distinguished , Famous .

Illustriously <Xpage=729>

Il*lus"tri*ous*ly , adv. In a illustrious manner; conspicuously; eminently; famously.

Milton.

Illustriousness <Xpage=729>

Il*lus"tri*ous*ness , n. The state or quality of being eminent; greatness; grandeur; glory; fame.

Illustrous <Xpage=729>

Il*lus"trous (?) , a. [Pref. il- not + lustrous .] Without luster. [Obs. & R.]

Illutation <Xpage=729>

Il`lu*ta"tion (?) , n. [Pref. il- in + L. lutum mud: cf. F. illutation .] The act or operation of smearing the body with mud, especially with the sediment from mineral springs; a mud bath.

Illuxurious <Xpage=729>

Il`lux*u"ri*ous (?) , a. Not luxurious. [R.]

Orrery.

Ill-will <Xpage=729>

Ill`-will" (?) . See under Ill , a.

Ill-wisher <Xpage=729>

Ill`-wish"er (?) , n. One who wishes ill to another; an enemy.

Illy <Xpage=729>

Il"ly (?) , adv. [A word not fully approved, but sometimes used for the adverb ill .]

Ilmenite <Xpage=729>

Il"men*ite (?) , n. [So called from Ilmen , a branch of the Ural Mountains.] (Min.) Titanic iron. See Menaccanite .

Ilmenium <Xpage=729>

Il*me"ni*um (?) , n. [NL. See Ilmenite .] (Chem.) A supposed element claimed to have been discovered by R.Harmann.

Ilvaite <Xpage=729>

Il"va*ite (?) , n. [From L. Ilva , the island now called Elba.] (Min.) A silicate of iron and lime occurring in black prismatic crystals and columnar masses.

I'm <Xpage=729>

I'm (?) . A contraction of I am .

Im- <Xpage=729>

Im- (?) . A form of the prefix in- not, and in- in. See In- . Im- also occurs in composition with some words not of Latin origin; as, im bank, im bitter .

Image <Xpage=729>

Im"age (?) , n. [F., fr. L. imago , imaginis , from the root of imitari to imitate. See Imitate , and cf. Imagine .] 1. An imitation, representation, or similitude of any person, thing, or act, sculptured, drawn, painted, or otherwise made perceptible to the sight; a visible presentation; a copy; a likeness; an effigy; a picture; a semblance.

Even like a stony image , cold and numb. Shak.

Whose is this image and superscription? Matt. xxii. 20.

This play is the image of a murder done in Vienna. Shak.

And God created man in his own image . Gen. i. 27.

2. Hence: The likeness of anything to which worship is paid; an idol.

Chaucer.

Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image , . . . thou shalt not bow down thyself to them. Ex. xx. 4, 5.

3. Show; appearance; cast.

The face of things a frightful image bears. Dryden.

4. A representation of anything to the mind; a picture drawn by the fancy; a conception; an idea.

Can we conceive Image of aught delightful, soft, or great? Prior.

5. (Rhet.) A picture, example, or illustration, often taken from sensible objects, and used to illustrate a subject; usually, an extended metaphor.

Brande & C.

6. (Opt.) The figure or picture of any object formed at the focus of a lens or mirror, by rays of light from the several points of the object symmetrically refracted or reflected to corresponding points in such focus; this may be received on a screen, a photographic plate, or the retina of the eye, and viewed directly by the eye, or with an eyeglass, as in the telescope and microscope; the likeness of an object formed by reflection; as, to see one's image in a mirror .

Electrical image . See under Electrical . -- Image breaker , one who destroys images; an iconoclast. -- Image graver , Image maker , a sculptor. -- Image worship , the worship of images as symbols; iconolatry distinguished from idolatry; the worship of images themselves. -- Image Purkinje (Physics) , the image of the retinal blood vessels projected in, not merely on, that membrane. -- Virtual image (Optics) , a point or system of points, on one side of a mirror or lens, which, if it existed, would emit the system of rays which actually exists on the other side of the mirror or lens.

Clerk Maxwell.

Image <Xpage=729>

Im"age (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Imaged (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Imaging (?) .] 1. To represent or form an image of; as, the still lake imaged the shore; the mirror imaged her figure. "Shrines of imaged saints."

J. Warton.

2. To represent to the mental vision; to form a likeness of by the fancy or recollection; to imagine.

Condemn'd whole years in absence to deplore, And image charms he must behold no more. Pope.

Imageable <Xpage=729>

Im"age*a*ble (?) , a. That may be imaged. [R.]

Imageless <Xpage=729>

Im"age*less , a. Having no image.

Shelley.

Imager <Xpage=729>

Im"a*ger (?) , n. One who images or forms likenesses; a sculptor. [Obs.]

Praxiteles was ennobled for a rare imager . Holland.

Imagery <Xpage=729>

Im"age*ry (?) , n. [OE. imagerie , F. imagerie .] 1. The work of one who makes images or visible representation of objects; imitation work; images in general, or in mass. "Painted imagery ."

Shak.

In those oratories might you see Rich carvings, portraitures, and imagery . Dryden.

2. Fig.: Unreal show; imitation; appearance.

What can thy imagery of sorrow mean? Prior.

3. The work of the imagination or fancy; false ideas; imaginary phantasms.

The imagery of a melancholic fancy. Atterbury.

4. Rhetorical decoration in writing or speaking; vivid descriptions presenting or suggesting images of sensible objects; figures in discourse.

I wish there may be in this poem any instance of good imagery . Dryden.

Imaginability <Xpage=729>

Im*ag`i*na*bil"i*ty (?) , n. Capacity for imagination. [R.]

Coleridge.

Imaginable <Xpage=729>

Im*ag"i*na*ble (?) , a. [L. imaginabilis : cf. F. imaginable .] Capable of being imagined; conceivable.

Men sunk into the greatest darkness imaginable . Tillotson.

-- Im*ag"i*na*ble*ness , n. -- Im*ag"i*na*bly , adv.

Imaginal <Xpage=729>

Im*ag"i*nal (?) , a. [L. imaginalis .] 1. Characterized by imagination; imaginative; also, given to the use or rhetorical figures or imagins.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to an imago.

Imaginal disks (Zo\'94l.) , masses of hypodermic cells, carried by the larv\'91 of some insects after leaving the egg, from which masses the wings and legs of the adult are subsequently formed.

Imaginant <Xpage=729>

Im*ag"i*nant (?) , a. [L. imaginans , p.pr. of imaginari : cf. F. imaginant .] Imagining; conceiving. [Obs.] Bacon . -- n. An imaginer. [Obs.] Glanvill .

Imaginarily <Xpage=729>

Im*ag"i*na*ri*ly (?) , a. In a imaginary manner; in imagination.

B. Jonson.

Imaginariness <Xpage=729>

Im*ag"i*na*ri*ness , n. The state or quality of being imaginary; unreality.

Imaginary <Xpage=729>

Im*ag"i*na*ry (?) , a. [L. imaginarius : cf. F. imaginaire .] Existing only in imagination or fancy; not real; fancied; visionary; ideal.

Wilt thou add to all the griefs I suffer Imaginary ills and fancied tortures? Addison.

Imaginary calculus See under Calculus . -- Imaginary expression &or; quantity (Alg.) , an algebraic expression which involves the impossible operation of taking the square root of a negative quantity; as, &root;-9 , a + b &root;-1 . -- Imaginary points , lines , surfaces , etc. (Geom.) , points, lines, surfaces, etc., imagined to exist, although by reason of certain changes of a figure they have in fact ceased to have a real existence. </syn

Syn. -- Ideal; fanciful; chimerical; visionary; fancied; unreal; illusive.

Imaginary <Xpage=729>

Im*ag"i*na*ry , n. (Alg.) An imaginary expression or quantity.

Imaginate <Xpage=729>

Im*ag"i*nate (?) , a. Imaginative. [Obs.]

Holland.

Imagination <Xpage=729>

Im*ag`i*na"tion (?) , n. [OE. imaginacionum , F. imagination , fr. L. imaginatio . See Imagine .] 1. The imagine-making power of the mind; the power to create or reproduce ideally an object of sense previously perceived; the power to call up mental imagines.

Our simple apprehension of corporeal objects, if present, is sense; if absent, is imagination . Glanvill.

Imagination is of three kinds: joined with belief of that which is to come; joined with memory of that which is past; and of things present, or as if they were present. Bacon.

2. The representative power; the power to reconstruct or recombine the materials furnished by direct apprehension; the complex faculty usually termed the plastic or creative power; the fancy.

The imagination of common language -- the productive imagination of philosophers -- is nothing but the representative process plus the process to which I would give the name of the "comparative." Sir W. Hamilton.

The power of the mind to decompose its conceptions, and to recombine the elements of them at its pleasure, is called its faculty of imagination . I. Taylor.

The business of conception is to present us with an exact transcript of what we have felt or perceived. But we have moreover a power of modifying our conceptions, by combining the parts of different ones together, so as to form new wholes of our creation. I shall employ the word imagination to express this power. Stewart.

3. The power to recombine the materials furnished by experience or memory, for the accomplishment of an elevated purpose; the power of conceiving and expressing the ideal.

The lunatic, the lover, and the poet Are of imagination all compact . . . The poet's eye, in a fine frenzy rolling, Doth glance from heaven to earth, from earth to heaven, And as imagination bodies forth The forms of things unknown, the poet's pen Turns them to shapes, and gives to airy nothing A local habitation and a name. Shak.

4. A mental image formed by the action of the imagination as a faculty; a conception; a notion.

Shak.

Syn. -- Conception; idea; conceit; fancy; device; origination; invention; scheme; design; purpose; contrivance. -- Imagination , Fancy . These words have, to a great extent, been interchanged by our best writers, and considered as strictly synonymous. A distinction, however, is now made between them which more fully exhibits their nature. Properly speaking, they are different exercises of the same general power -- the plastic or creative faculty. Imagination consists in taking parts of our conceptions and combining them into new forms and images more select, more striking, more delightful, more terrible, etc., than those of ordinary nature. It is the higher exercise of the two. It creates by laws more closely connected with the reason; it has strong emotion as its actuating and formative cause; it aims at results of a definite and weighty character. Milton's fiery lake, the debates of his Pandemonium, the exquisite scenes of his Paradise, are all products of the imagination. Fancy moves on a lighter wing; it is governed by laws of association which are more remote, and sometimes arbitrary or capricious. Hence the term fanciful , which exhibits fancy in its wilder flights. It has for its actuating spirit feelings of a lively, gay, and versatile character; it seeks to please by unexpected combinations of thought, startling contrasts, flashes of brilliant imagery, etc. Pope's Rape of the Lock is an exhibition of fancy which has scarcely its equal in the literature of any country. -- "This, for instance, Wordworth did in respect of the words \'bfimagination' and \'bffancy.' Before he wrote, it was, I suppose, obscurely felt by most that in \'bfimagination' there was more of the earnest, in \'bffancy' of the play of the spirit; that the first was a loftier faculty and gift than the second; yet for all this words were continually, and not without loss, confounded. He first, in the preface to his Lyrical Ballads, rendered it henceforth impossible that any one, who had read and mastered what he has written on the two words, should remain unconscious any longer of the important difference between them." Trench .

The same power, which we should call fancy if employed on a production of a light nature, would be dignified with the title of imagination if shown on a grander scale. C. J. Smith.

<page="730"> Page 730

Imaginational <Xpage=730>

Im*ag`i*na"tion*al (?) , a. Pertaining to, involving, or caused by, imagination.

Imaginationalism <Xpage=730>

Im*ag`i*na"tion*al*ism (?) , n. Idealism.

J. Grote.

Imaginative <Xpage=730>

Im*ag"i*na*tive (?) , a. [F. imaginatif .] 1. Proceeding from, and characterized by, the imagination, generally in the highest sense of the word.

In all the higher departments of imaginative art, nature still constitues an important element. Mure.

2. Given to imagining; full of images, fancies, etc.; having a quick imagination; conceptive; creative.

Milton had a highly imaginative , Cowley a very fanciful mind. Coleridge.

3. Unreasonably suspicious; jealous. [Obs.]

Chaucer.

-- Im*ag"i*na*tive*ly , adv. -- Im*ag"i*na*tive*ness , n.

Imagine <Xpage=730>

Im*ag"ine (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Imagined (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Imagining .] [F. imaginer , L. imaginari , p.p. imaginatus , fr. imago image. See Image .] 1. To form in the mind a notion or idea of; to form a mental image of; to conceive; to produce by the imagination.

In the night, imagining some fear, How easy is a bush supposed a bear! Shak.

2. To contrive in purpose; to scheme; to devise; to compass; to purpose. See Compass , v. t. , 5.