Chapter 768

An enlightened self-interest, which, when well understood, they tell us will identify with an interest more enlarged and public. Burke.

Identism <Xpage=725>

I*den"tism (?) , n. [See Identity .] (Metaph.) The doctrine taught by Schelling, that matter and mind, and subject and object, are identical in the Absolute; -- called also the system &or; doctrine of identity .

Identity <Xpage=725>

I*den"ti*ty (?) , n. ; pl. Identities (#) . [F. identit\'82 , LL. identitas , fr. L. idem the same, from the root of is he, that; cf. Skr. idam this. Cf. Item .] 1. The state or quality of being identical, or the same; sameness.

Identity is a relation between our cognitions of a thing, not between things themselves. Sir W. Hamilton.

2. The condition of being the same with something described or asserted, or of possessing a character claimed; as, to establish the identity of stolen goods .

3. (Math.) An identical equation.

Ideo- <Xpage=725>

I"de*o- (?) . A combining form from the Gr. <?/, an idea .

Ideogenical <Xpage=725>

I`de*o*gen"ic*al (?) , a. Of or relating to ideology.

Ideogeny <Xpage=725>

I`de*og"e*ny (?) , n. [ Ideo- + - geny , from the same root as Gr. <?/, birth: cf. F. id\'82og\'82nie .] The science which treats of the origin of ideas.

Ideogram <Xpage=725>

I*de"o*gram (?) , n. [ Ideo- + - gram ; cf. F. id\'82ograme .] 1. An original, pictorial element of writing; a kind of hieroglyph expressing no sound, but only an idea.

Ideograms may be defined to be pictures intended to represent either things or thoughts. I. Taylor (The Alphabet).

You might even have a history without language written or spoken, by means of ideograms and gesture. J. Peile.

2. A symbol used for convenience, or for abbreviation; as, 1, 2, 3, +, -, <?/, $, <?/, etc.

3. A phonetic symbol; a letter.

Ideograph <Xpage=725>

I*de"o*graph (?) , n. Same as Ideogram .

Ideographic, Ideographical <Xpage=725>

I`de*o*graph"ic (?) , I`de*o*graph"ic*al (?) , a. [Cf. F. id\'82ographique .] Of or pertaining to an ideogram; representing ideas by symbols, independently of sounds; as, 9 represents not the word "nine," but the idea of the number itself . -- I`de*o*graph"ic*al*ly , adv.

Ideographics <Xpage=725>

I`de*o*graph"ics (?) , n. The system of writing in ideographic characters; also, anything so written.

Ideography <Xpage=725>

I`de*og"ra*phy (?) , n. The representation of ideas independently of sounds, or in an ideographic manner, as sometimes is done in shorthand writing, etc.

Ideological <Xpage=725>

I`de*o*log"ic*al (?) , a. [Cf. F. id\'82ologique .] Of or pertaining to ideology.

Ideologist <Xpage=725>

I`de*ol"o*gist (?) , n. One who treats of ideas; one who theorizes or idealizes; one versed in the science of ideas, or who advocates the doctrines of ideology.

<-- idealogue n. one who adheres to an ideology -->

Ideology <Xpage=725>

I`de*ol"o*gy (?) , n. [ Ideo- + - logy : cf. F. id\'82ologie .] 1. The science of ideas.

Stewart.

2. (Metaph.) A theory of the origin of ideas which derives them exclusively from sensation.

&hand; By a double blunder in philosophy and Greek, id\'82ologie . . . has in France become the name peculiarly distinctive of that philosophy of mind which exclusively derives our knowledge from sensation. Sir W. Hamilton.

<-- a set of theories and beliefs about sociopolitical goals and methods to attain them; in common usage, such a set of beliefs so strongly held by their adherents as to cause them to ignore evidence against such beliefs, and thus fall into error -- hence a negative trait; contrasted to pragmatism, and distinct from idealism -->

Ideo-motion <Xpage=725>

I`de*o-mo"tion (?) , n. (Physiol.) An ideo-motor movement.

Ideo-motor <Xpage=725>

I`de*o-mo"tor (?) , a. [ Ideo- + motor .] (Physiol.) Applied to those actions, or muscular movements, which are automatic expressions of dominant ideas, rather than the result of distinct volitional efforts, as the act of expressing the thoughts in speech, or in writing, while the mind is occupied in the composition of the sentence.

Carpenter.

Ides <Xpage=725>

Ides (?) , n. pl. [L. idus : cf. F. ides .] (Anc. Rom. Calendar) The fifteenth day of March, May, July, and October, and the thirteenth day of the other months.

The ides of March remember. Shak.

&hand; Eight days in each month often pass by this name, but only one strictly receives it, the others being called respectively the day before the ides , and so on, backward, to the eightth from the ides .

Idio- <Xpage=725>

Id"i*o- (?) . A combining form from the Greek <?/, meaning private , personal , peculiar , distinct .

Idioblast <Xpage=725>

Id"i*o*blast (?) , n. [ Ideo- + - blast .] (Bot.) An individual cell, differing greatly from its neighbours in regard to size, structure, or contents.

Idiocrasis <Xpage=725>

Id`i*o*cra"sis (?) , n. [NL.] Idiocracy.

Idiocracy <Xpage=725>

Id`i*oc"ra*cy (?) , n. ; pl. Idiocrasies (#) . [ Idio- + Gr. <?/ a mixture, fr. <?/ to mix: cf. F. idiocrasie .] Peculiarity of constitution; that temperament, or state of constitution, which is peculiar to a person; idiosyncrasy.

Idiocratic, Idiocratical <Xpage=725>

Id`i*o*crat"ic (?) , Id`i*o*crat"ic*al (?) , a. Peculiar in constitution or temperament; idiosyncratic.

Idiocy <Xpage=725>

Id"i*o*cy (?) , n. [From idiot ; cf. Gr. <?/ uncouthness, want of education, fr. <?/. See Idiot , and cf. Idiotcy .] The condition or quality of being an idiot; absence, or marked deficiency, of sense and intelligence.

I will undertake to convict a man of idiocy , if he can not see the proof that three angles of a triangle are equal to two right angles. F. W. Robertson.

Idiocyclophanous <Xpage=725>

Id`i*o*cy*cloph"a*nous (?) , a. [ Idio- + Gr. <?/ circle + <?/ to appear.] (Crystallog.) Same as Idiophanous .

Idioelectric <Xpage=725>

Id`i*o*e*lec"tric (?) , a. [ Idio- + electric : cf. F. idio\'82lectrique .] (Physics) Electric by virtue of its own peculiar properties; capable of becoming electrified by friction; -- opposed to anelectric . -- n. An idioelectric substance.

Idiograph <Xpage=725>

Id"i*o*graph (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ autographic; <?/ one's own + <?/ to write.] A mark or signature peculiar to an individual; a trade-mark.

<page="726"> Page 726

Idiographic, Idiographical <Xpage=726>

Id`i*o*graph"ic (?) , Id`i*o*graph"ic*al (?) , a. Of or pertaining to an idiograph.

Idiolatry <Xpage=726>

Id`i*ol"a*try (?) , n. [ Idio- + Gr. <?/ to worship.] Self-worship; excessive self-esteem.

Idiom <Xpage=726>

Id"i*om (?) , n. [F. idiome , L. idioma , fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to make a person's own, to make proper or peculiar; prob. akin to the reflexive pronoun <?/, <?/, <?/, and to <?/, <?/, one's own, L. suus , and to E. so .] 1. The syntactical or structural form peculiar to any language; the genius or cast of a language.

Idiom may be employed loosely and figuratively as a synonym of language or dialect, but in its proper sense it signifies the totality of the general rules of construction which characterize the syntax of a particular language and distinguish it from other tongues. G. P. Marsh.

By idiom is meant the use of words which is peculiar to a particular language. J. H. Newman.

He followed their language [the Latin], but did not comply with the idiom of ours. Dryden.

2. An expression conforming or appropriate to the peculiar structural form of a language; in extend use, an expression sanctioned by usage, having a sense peculiar to itself and not agreeing with the logical sense of its structural form; also, the phrase forms peculiar to a particular author.

Some that with care true eloquence shall teach, And to just idioms fix our doubtful speech. Prior.

Sometimes we identify the words with the object -- though be courtesy of idiom rather than in strict propriety of language. Coleridge.

Every good writer has much idiom . Landor.

It is not by means of rules that such idioms as the following are made current: "I can make nothing of it." "He treats his subject home ." Dryden . "It is that within us that makes for righteousness." M . Arnold . Gostwick (Eng. Gram. )

3. Dialect; a variant form of a language.

Syn. -- Dialect. -- Idiom , Dialect . The idioms of a language belong to its very structure; its dialects are varieties of expression ingrafted upon it in different localities or by different professions. Each county of England has some peculiarities of dialect , and so have most of the professions, while the great idioms of the language are everywhere the same. See Language .

Idiomatic, Idiomatical <Xpage=726>

Id`i*o*mat"ic (?) , Id`i*o*mat"ic*al (?) , a. [Gr. <?/.] Of or pertaining to, or conforming to, the mode of expression peculiar to a language; as, an idiomatic meaning; an idiomatic phrase. -- Id`i*o*mat"ic*al*ly , adv.

Idiomorphic <Xpage=726>

Id`i*o*morph"ic (?) , a. Idiomorphous.

Idiomorphous <Xpage=726>

Id`i*o*morph"ous (?) , a. [Gr. <?/ of peculiar form; <?/ peculiar + <?/ form.] 1. Having a form of its own.

2. (Crystallog.) Apperaing in distinct crystals; -- said of the mineral constituents of a rock.

Idiomuscular <Xpage=726>

Id`i*o*mus"cu*lar (?) , a. [ Idio- + muscular .] (Physiol.) Applied to a semipermanent contraction of a muscle, produced by a mechanical irritant.

Idiopathetic <Xpage=726>

Id`i*o*pa*thet"ic (?) , a. Idiopathic. [R.]

Idiopathic, Idiopathical <Xpage=726>

Id`i*o*path"ic (?) , Id`i*o*path"ic*al (?) , a. [Cf. F. idiopathique .] (Med.) Pertaining to idiopathy; characterizing a disease arising primarily, and not in consequence of some other disease or injury; -- opposed to symptomatic , sympathetic , and traumatic . -- Id`i*o*path"ic*al*ly , adv.

Idiopathy <Xpage=726>

Id`i*op"a*thy (?) , n. ; pl. Idiopathies (#) . [Gr. <?/; <?/ proper, peculiar + <?/, <?/, to suffer: cf. F. idiopathie .] 1. A peculiar, or individual, characteristic or affection.

All men are so full of their own fancies and idiopathies , that they scarce have the civility to interchange any words with a stranger. Dr. H. More.

2. (Med.) A morbid state or condition not preceded or occasioned by any other disease; a primary disease.

Idiophanous <Xpage=726>

Id`i*oph"a*nous (?) , a. [ Idio- + <?/ to appear.] (Crystallog.) Exhibiting interference figures without the aid of a polariscope, as certain crystals.

Idioplasm <Xpage=726>

Id"i*o*plasm (?) , n. (Biol.) Same as Idioplasma .

Idioplasma <Xpage=726>

Id`i*o*plas"ma (?) , n. [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ proper, peculiar + <?/ a form, mold.] (Biol.) That portion of the cell protoplasm which is the seat of all active changes, and which carries on the function of hereditary transmission; -- distinguished from the other portion, which is termed nutritive plasma . See Hygroplasm . <-- any modern equivalent? The chromosome/ Genome? -->

Idiorepulsive <Xpage=726>

Id`i*o*re*pul"sive (?) , a. [ Idio- + repulsive .] Repulsive by itself; as, the idiorepulsive power of heat .

Idiosyncrasy <Xpage=726>

Id`i*o*syn"cra*sy (?) , n. ; pl. Idiosyncrasies (#) . [Gr. <?/; <?/ proper, peculiar + <?/ a mixing together, fr. <?/ to mix together; <?/ with + <?/ to mix: cf. F. idiosyncrasie . See Idiom , and Crasis .] A peculiarity of physical or mental constitution or temperament; a characteristic belonging to, and distinguishing, an individual; characteristic susceptibility; idiocrasy; eccentricity.

The individual mind . . . takes its tone from the idiosyncrasies of the body. I. Taylor.

Idiosyncratic, Idiosyncratical <Xpage=726>

Id`i*o*syn*crat"ic (?) , Id`i*o*syn*crat"ic*al (?) , a. Of peculiar temper or disposition; belonging to one's peculiar and individual character.

Idiot <Xpage=726>

Id"i*ot (?) , n. [F. idiot , L. idiota an uneducated, ignorant, ill-informed person, Gr. <?/, also and orig., a private person, not holding public office, fr. <?/ proper, peculiar. See Idiom .] 1. A man in private station, as distinguished from one holding a public office. [Obs.]

St. Austin affirmed that the plain places of Scripture are sufficient to all laics, and all idiots or private persons. Jer. Taylor.

2. An unlearned, ignorant, or simple person, as distinguished from the educated; an ignoramus. [Obs.]

Christ was received of idiots , of the vulgar people, and of the simpler sort, while he was rejected, despised, and persecuted even to death by the high priests, lawyers, scribes, doctors, and rabbis. C. Blount.

3. A human being destitute of the ordinary intellectual powers, whether congenital, developmental, or accidental; commonly, a person without understanding from birth; a natural fool; a natural; an innocent.

Life . . . is a tale Told by an idiot , full of sound and fury, Signifying nothing. Shak.

4. A fool; a simpleton; -- a term of reproach.

Weenest thou make an idiot of our dame? Chaucer.

Idiotcy <Xpage=726>

Id"i*ot*cy (?) , n. [Cf. Idiocy .] Idiocy. [R.]

Idioted <Xpage=726>

Id"i*ot*ed (?) , a. Rendered idiotic; befooled. [R.]

Tennyson.

Idiothermic <Xpage=726>

Id`i*o*ther"mic (?) , a. [ Idio- + thermic .] Self-heating; warmed, as the body of animal, by process going on within itself.

Idiotic, Idiotical <Xpage=726>

Id`i*ot"ic (?) , Id`i*ot"ic*al (?) , a. [L. idioticus ignorant, Gr. <?/: cf. F. idiotique . See Idiot .] 1. Common; simple. [Obs.]

Blackwall.

2. Pertaining to, or like, an idiot; characterized by idiocy; foolish; fatuous; as, an idiotic person, speech, laugh, or action .

Idiotically <Xpage=726>

Id`i*ot"ic*al*ly , adv. In a idiotic manner.

Idioticon <Xpage=726>

Id`i*ot"i*con (?) , n. [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ belonging to a private man, private. See Idiot .] A dictionary of a peculiar dialect, or of the words and phrases peculiar to one part of a country; a glossary.

Idiotish <Xpage=726>

Id"i*ot*ish (?) , a. Like an idiot; foolish.

Idiotism <Xpage=726>

Id"i*ot*ism (?) , n. [F. idiotisme , L. idiotismus the way of fashion of a private person, the common or vulgar manner of speaking, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to put into or use common language, fr. <?/. See Idiot .] 1. An idiom; a form, mode of expression, or signification, peculiar to a language.

Scholars sometimes give terminations and idiotisms , suitable to their native language, unto words newly invented. M. Hale.

2. Lack of knowledge or mental capacity; idiocy; foolishness.

Worse than mere ignorance or idiotism . Shaftesbury.

The running that adventure is the greatist idiotism . Hammond.

Idiotize <Xpage=726>

Id"i*ot*ize (?) , v. i. To become stupid. [R.]

Idiotry <Xpage=726>

Id"i*ot*ry (?) , n. Idiocy. [R.]

Bp. Warburton.

Idle <Xpage=726>

I"dle (?) , a. [ Compar. Idler (?) ; superl. Idlest .] [OE. idel , AS. \'c6del vain, empty, useless; akin to OS. \'c6dal , D. ijdel , OHG. \'c6tal vain, empty, mere, G. eitel , Dan. & Sw. idel mere, pure, and prob. to Gr. <?/ clear, pure, <?/ to burn. Cf. Ether .] 1. Of no account; useless; vain; trifling; unprofitable; thoughtless; silly; barren. "Deserts idle ."

Shak.

Every idle word that men shall speak, they shall give account thereof in the day of judgment. Matt. xii. 36.

Down their idle weapons dropped. Milton.

This idle story became important. Macaulay.

2. Not called into active service; not turned to appropriate use; unemployed; as, idle hours .

The idle spear and shield were high uphing. Milton.

3. Not employed; unoccupied with business; inactive; doing nothing; as, idle workmen .

Why stand ye here all the day idle ? Matt. xx. 6.

4. Given rest and ease; averse to labor or employment; lazy; slothful; as, an idle fellow .

5. Light-headed; foolish. [Obs.]

Ford.

Idle pulley (Mach.) , a pulley that rests upon a belt to tighten it; a pulley that only guides a belt and is not used to transmit power. -- Idle wheel (Mach.) , a gear wheel placed between two others, to transfer motion from one to the other without changing the direction of revolution. -- In idle , in vain. [Obs.] "God saith, thou shalt not take the name of thy Lord God in idle ."

Chaucer.

Syn. -- Unoccupied; unemployed; vacant; inactive; indolent; sluggish; slothful; useless; ineffectual; futile; frivolous; vain; trifling; unprofitable; unimportant. -- Idle , Indolent , Lazy . A propensity to inaction is expressed by each of these words; they differ in the cause and degree of this characteristic. Indolent denotes an habitual love to ease, a settled dislike of movement or effort; idle is opposed to busy , and denotes a dislike of continuous exertion. Lazy is a stronger and more contemptuous term than indolent .

Idle <Xpage=726>

I"dle , v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Idled (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Idling (?) .] To lose or spend time in inaction, or without being employed in business.

Shak.

Idle <Xpage=726>

I"dle , v. t. To spend in idleness; to waste; to consume; -- often followed by away ; as, to idle away an hour a day .

Idle-headed <Xpage=726>

I"dle-head`ed (?) , a. 1. Foolish; stupid. [Obs.] "The superstitious idle-headed eld."

Shak.

2. Delirious; infatuated. [Obs.]

L'Estrange.

Idleness <Xpage=726>

I"dle*ness , n. [AS. \'c6delnes .] The condition or quality of being idle (in the various senses of that word); uselessness; fruitlessness; triviality; inactivity; laziness.