Chapter 767

I*con"o*clasm (?) , n. [Cf. F. iconoclasme . See Iconoclast .] The doctrine or practice of the iconoclasts; image breaking.

Iconoclast <Xpage=724>

I*con"o*clast (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ image + <?/ to break: cf. F. iconoclaste .] 1. A breaker or destroyer of images or idols; a determined enemy of idol worship.

2. One who exposes or destroys impositions or shams; one who attacks cherished beliefs; a radical.

Iconoclastic <Xpage=724>

I*con`o*clas"tic (?) , a. Of or pertaining to the iconoclasts, or to image breaking.

Milman.

Iconodule, Iconodulist <Xpage=724>

I*con"o*dule (?) , I*con"o*du`list (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ an image + <?/ a slave.] (Eccl. Hist.) One who serves images; -- opposed to an iconoclast.

Schaff-Herzog Encyc.

Iconographer <Xpage=724>

I`co*nog"ra*pher (?) , n. A maker of images.

Fairholt.

Iconographic <Xpage=724>

I*con`o*graph"ic (?) , a. 1. Of or pertaining to iconography.

2. Representing by means of pictures or diagrams; as, an icongraphic encyclop\'91dia .

Iconography <Xpage=724>

I`co*nog"ra*phy (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ a sketch or description; <?/ an image + <?/ of describe: cf. F. iconographie .] 1. The art or representation by pictures or images; the description or study of portraiture or representation, as of persons; as, the iconography of the ancients .

2. The study of representative art in general.

Christian iconography , the study of the representations in art of the Deity, the persons of the Trinity, angels, saints, virtues, vices, etc.

Iconolater <Xpage=724>

I`co*nol"a*ter (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ an image + <?/ to worship: cf. F. iconol\'83tre .] One who worships images.

Iconolatry <Xpage=724>

I`co*nol"a*try (?) , n. [See Iconolater .] The worship of images as symbols; -- distinguished from idolatry , the worship of images themselves.

Iconology <Xpage=724>

I`co*nol"o*gy (?) , n. [Gr. <?/; <?/ an image + <?/ discourse: cf. F. iconologie .] The discussion or description of portraiture or of representative images. Cf. Iconography .

Iconomachy <Xpage=724>

I`co*nom"a*chy (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ a war against images; <?/ an image + <?/ fight.] Hostility to images as objects of worship. [R.]

Iconomical <Xpage=724>

I`co*nom"ic*al (?) , a. [Gr. <?/; <?/ image + <?/ fight.] Opposed to pictures or images as objects of worship. [R.]

Sir T. Browne.

Iconophilist <Xpage=724>

I`co*noph"i*list (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ an image + <?/ to love.] A student, or lover of the study, of iconography.

Icosahedral <Xpage=724>

I`co*sa*he"dral (?) , a. [See Icosahedron .] (Geom.) Having twenty equal sides or faces.

Icosahedron <Xpage=724>

I`co*sa*he"dron (?) , n. [Gr. <?/; <?/ twenty + <?/ seat, base, fr. <?/ to sit.] (Geom.) A solid bounded by twenty sides or faces.

Regular icosahedron , one of the five regular polyhedrons, bounded by twenty equilateral triangules. Five triangules meet to form each solid angle of the polyhedron.

Icosandria <Xpage=724>

I`co*san"dri*a (?) , n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ twenty +<?/, <?/, man, male: cf. F. icosandrie .] (Bot.) A Linn\'91an class of plants, having twenty or more stamens inserted in the calyx.

Icosandrian, Icosandrous <Xpage=724>

I`co*san"dri*an (?) , I`co*san"drous (?) , a. (Bot.) Pertaining to the class Icosandria; having twenty or more stamens inserted in the calyx.

Icositetrahedron <Xpage=724>

I`co*si*tet`ra*he"dron (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ twenty + <?/, combining form of <?/ four + <?/ seat, base.] (Crystallog.) A twenty-four-sided solid; a tetragonal trisoctahedron or trapezohedron.

-ics <Xpage=724>

-ics (?) . A suffix used in forming the names of certain sciences, systems, etc., as acoust ics , mathemat ics , dynam ics , statist ics , polit ics , athlet ics .

&hand; The names sciences ending in ics , as mathematics , mechanics , metaphysics , optics , etc., are, with respect to their form, nouns in the plural number. The plural form was probably introduced to mark the complex nature of such sciences; and it may have been in imitation of the use of the Greek plurals <?/, <?/, <?/, <?/, etc., to designate parts of Aristotle's writings. Previously to the present century, nouns ending in ics were construed with a verb or a pronoun in the plural; but it is now generally considered preferable to treat them as singular. In Greman we have die Mathematik , die Mechanik , etc., and in French la metaphysique , la optique , etc., corresponding to our mathematics , mechanics , metaphysics , optics , etc.

Mathematics have for their object the consideration of whatever is capable of being numbered or measured. John Davidson.

The citations subjoined will serve as examples of the best present usage.

Ethics is the sciences of the laws which govern our actions as moral agents. Sir W. Hamilton.

All parts of knowledge have their origin in metaphysics , and finally, perhaps, revolve into it . De Quincey.

Mechanics , like pure mathematics , may be geometrical, or may be analytical; that is, it may treat space either by a direct consideration of its properties, or by a symbolical representation. Whewell.

<page="725"> Page 725

Icteric <Xpage=725>

Ic*ter"ic (?) , n. A remedy for the jaundice.

Icteric, Icterical <Xpage=725>

Ic*ter"ic (?) , Ic*ter"ic*al (?) , a. [L. ictericus , Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ jaundice: cf. F. ict\'82rique .] 1. Pertaining to, or affected with, jaundice.

2. Good against the jaundice.

Johnson.

Icteritious, Icteritous <Xpage=725>

Ic`ter*i"tious (?) , Ic*ter"i*tous (?) , a. Yellow; of the color of the skin when it is affected by the jaundice.

Icteroid <Xpage=725>

Ic"ter*oid (?) , a. [Gr. <?/ jaundice + -oid .] Of a tint resembling that produced by jaundice; yellow; as, an icteroid tint or complexion .

Icterus <Xpage=725>

Ic"te*rus (?) , n. [NL. See Icteric , a. ] (Med.) The jaundice.

Ictic <Xpage=725>

Ic"tic (?) , a. [L. ictus blow.] Pertaining to, or caused by, a blow; sudden; abrupt. [R.]

H. Bushnell.

Ictus <Xpage=725>

Ic"tus (?) , n. [L., fr. icere , ictum , to strike.] 1. (Pros.) The stress of voice laid upon accented syllable of a word. Cf. Arsis .

2. (Med.) A stroke or blow, as in a sunstroke, the sting of an insect, pulsation of an artery, etc.

Icy <Xpage=725>

I"cy (?) , a. [ Compar. Icier (?) ; superl. Iciest .] [AS. \'c6sig . See Ice .] 1. Pertaining to, resembling, or abounding in, ice; cold; frosty. " Icy chains." Shak . " Icy region." Boyle . " Icy seas." Pope .

2. Characterized by coldness, as of manner, influence, etc.; chilling; frigid; cold.

Icy was the deportment with which Philip received these demonstrations of affection. Motley.

Icy-pearled <Xpage=725>

I"cy-pearl`ed (?) , a. Spangled with ice.

Mounting up in icy-pearled car. Milton.

I'd <Xpage=725>

I'd (?) . A contraction from I would or I had .

Id <Xpage=725>

Id (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) A small fresh-water cyprinoid fish ( Leuciscus idus or Idus idus ) of Europe. A domesticated variety, colored like the goldfish, is called orfe in Germany.

Idalian <Xpage=725>

I*da"li*an (?) , a. Of or pertaining to Idalium , a mountain city in Cyprus, or to Venus, to whom it was sacred. " Idalian Aphrodit\'82."

Tennyson.

Ide <Xpage=725>

Ide (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Id .

-ide <Xpage=725>

-ide (?) . (Chem.) A suffix used to denote: (a) The nonmetallic , or negative , element or radical in a binary compound; as, ox ide , sulph ide , chlor ide . (b) A compound which is an anhydride ; as, glycol ide , phthal ide . (c) Any one of a series of derivatives; as, indogen ide , glucos ide , etc.

Idea <Xpage=725>

I*de"a (?) , n. ; pl. Ideas (#) . [L. idea , Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to see; akin to E. wit : cf. F. id\'82e . See Wit .] 1. The transcript, image, or picture of a visible object, that is formed by the mind; also, a similar image of any object whatever, whether sensible or spiritual.

Her sweet idea wandered through his thoughts. Fairfax.

Being the right idea of your father Both in your form and nobleness of mind. Shak.

This representation or likeness of the object being transmitted from thence [the senses] to the imagination, and lodged there for the view and observation of the pure intellect, is aptly and properly called its idea . P. Browne.

2. A general notion, or a conception formed by generalization.

Alice had not the slightest idea what latitude was. L. Caroll.

3. Hence: Any object apprehended, conceived, or thought of, by the mind; a notion, conception, or thought; the real object that is conceived or thought of.

Whatsoever the mind perceives in itself, or as the immediate object of perception, thought, or undersanding, that I call idea . Locke.

4. A belief, option, or doctrine; a characteristic or controlling principle; as, an essential idea ; the idea of development.

That fellow seems to me to possess but one idea , and that is a wrong one. Johnson.

What is now " idea " for us? How infinite the fall of this word, since the time where Milton sang of the Creator contemplating his newly-created world, - "how it showed . . . Answering his great idea ," - to its present use, when this person "has an idea that the train has started," and the other "had no idea that the dinner would be so bad!" Trench.

5. A plan or purpose of action; intention; design.

I shortly afterwards set off for that capital, with an idea of undertaking while there the translation of the work. W. Irving.

6. A rational conception; the complete conception of an object when thought of in all its essential elements or constituents; the necessary metaphysical or constituent attributes and relations, when conceived in the abstract.

7. A fiction object or picture created by the imagination; the same when proposed as a pattern to be copied, or a standard to be reached; one of the archetypes or patterns of created things, conceived by the Platonists to have excited objectively from eternity in the mind of the Deity.

Thence to behold this new-created world, The addition of his empire, how it showed In prospect from his throne, how good, how fair, Answering his great idea . Milton.

&hand; "In England, Locke may be said to have been the first who naturalized the term in its Cartesian universality. When, in common language, employed by Milton and Dryden, after Descartes, as before him by Sidney, Spenser, Shakespeare, Hooker, etc., the meaning is Platonic."

Sir W. Hamilton.

Abstract idea , Association of ideas , etc. See under Abstract , Association , etc.

Syn. -- Notion; conception; thought; sentiment; fancy; image; perception; impression; opinion; belief; observation; judgment; consideration; view; design; intention; purpose; plan; model; pattern. There is scarcely any other word which is subjected to such abusive treatment as is the word idea , in the very general and indiscriminative way in which it is employed, as it is used variously to signify almost any act, state, or content of thought.

Ideal <Xpage=725>

I*de"al (?) , a. [L. idealis : cf. F. id\'82al .] 1. Existing in idea or thought; conceptional; intellectual; mental; as, ideal knowledge .

2. Reaching an imaginary standard of excellence; fit for a model; faultless; as, ideal beauty .

Byron.

There will always be a wide interval between practical and ideal excellence. Rambler.

3. Existing in fancy or imagination only; visionary; unreal. "Planning ideal common wealth."

Southey.

4. Teaching the doctrine of idealism; as, the ideal theory or philosophy .

5. (Math.) Imaginary.

Syn. -- Intellectual; mental; visionary; fanciful; imaginary; unreal; impracticable; utopian.

Ideal <Xpage=725>

I*de"al (?) , n. A mental conception regarded as a standard of perfection; a model of excellence, beauty, etc.

The ideal is to be attained by selecting and assembling in one whole the beauties and perfections which are usually seen in different individuals, excluding everything defective or unseemly, so as to form a type or model of the species. Thus, the Apollo Belvedere is the ideal of the beauty and proportion of the human frame. Fleming.

Beau ideal . See Beau ideal .

Idealess <Xpage=725>

I*de"a*less (?) , a. Destitute of an idea.

Idealism <Xpage=725>

I*de"al*ism (?) , n. [Cf. F. id\'82alisme .] 1. The quality or state of being ideal.

2. Conception of the ideal; imagery.

3. (Philos.) The system or theory that denies the existence of material bodies, and teaches that we have no rational grounds to believe in the reality of anything but ideas and their relations.

Idealist <Xpage=725>

I*de"al*ist , n. [Cf. F. id\'82aliste .] 1. One who idealizes; one who forms picturesque fancies; one given to romantic expectations.

2. One who holds the doctrine of idealism.

Idealistic <Xpage=725>

I*de`al*is"tic (?) , a. Of or pertaining to idealists or their theories.

Ideality <Xpage=725>

I`de*al"i*ty (?) , n. ; pl. Idealities (<?/) . 1. The quality or state of being ideal.

2. The capacity to form ideals of beauty or perfection.

3. (Phren.) The conceptive faculty.

Idealization <Xpage=725>

I*de`al*i*za"tion (?) , n. 1. The act or process of idealizing.

2. (Fine Arts) The representation of natural objects, scenes, etc., in such a way as to show their most important characteristics; the study of the ideal.

Idealize <Xpage=725>

I*de"al*ize (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Idealized (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Idealizing (?) .] 1. To make ideal; to give an ideal form or value to; to attribute ideal characteristics and excellences to; as, to idealize real life .

2. (Fine Arts) To treat in an ideal manner. See Idealization , 2.

Idealize <Xpage=725>

I*de"al*ize , v. i. [Cf. F. id\'82aliser .] To form ideals.

Idealizer <Xpage=725>

I*de"al*i`zer (?) , n. An idealist.

Ideally <Xpage=725>

I*de"al*ly , adv. In an ideal manner; by means of ideals; mentally.

Idealogic <Xpage=725>

I*de`a*log"ic (?) , a. Of or pertaining to an idealogue, or to idealization.

Idealogue <Xpage=725>

I*de"a*logue (?) , n. [ Idea + - logue , as in theo logue : cf. F. id\'82ologue .] One given to fanciful ideas or theories; a theorist; a spectator. [R.]

Mrs. Browning.

Ideat, Ideate <Xpage=725>

I*de"at (?) , I*de"ate (?) , n. [LL. ideatum . See Idea .] (Metaph.) The actual existence supposed to correspond with an idea; the correlate in real existence to the idea as a thought or existence.

Ideate <Xpage=725>

I*de"ate (?) , v. t. 1. To form in idea; to fancy. [R.]

The ideated man . . . as he stood in the intellect of God. Sir T. Browne.

2. To apprehend in thought so as to fix and hold in the mind; to memorize. [R.]

Ideation <Xpage=725>

I`de*a"tion (?) , n. The faculty or capacity of the mind for forming ideas; the exercise of this capacity; the act of the mind by which objects of sense are apprehended and retained as objects of thought.

The whole mass of residua which have been accumulated . . . all enter now into the process of ideation . J. D. Morell.

Ideational <Xpage=725>

I`de*a"tion*al (?) , a. Pertaining to, or characterized by, ideation.

Certain sensational or ideational stimuli. Blackw. Mag.

Idem <Xpage=725>

I"dem (?) , pron. &or; adj. [L.] The same; the same as above; -- often abbreviated id.

Identic <Xpage=725>

I*den"tic (?) , a. Identical. [Obs.]

Hudibras.

Identical <Xpage=725>

I*den"tic*al (?) , a. [Cf. F. identique . See Identity .] 1. The same; the selfsame; the very same; not different; as, the identical person or thing .

I can not remember a thing that happened a year ago, without a conviction . . . that I, the same identical person who now remember that event, did then exist. Reid.

2. Uttering sameness or the same truth; expressing in the predicate what is given, or obviously implied, in the subject; tautological.

When you say body is solid, I say that you make an identical proposition, because it is impossible to have the idea of body without that of solidity. Fleming.

Identical equation (Alg.) , an equation which is true for all values of the algebraic symbols which enter into it.

Identically <Xpage=725>

I*den"tic*al*ly , adv. In an identical manner; with respect to identity. " Identically the same." Bp. Warburton . " Identically different." Ross .

Identicalness <Xpage=725>

I*den"tic*al*ness , n. The quality or state of being identical; sameness.

Identifiable <Xpage=725>

I*den"ti*fi`a*ble (?) , a. Capable of being identified.

Identification <Xpage=725>

I*den`ti*fi*ca"tion (?) , n. [Cf. F. identification .] The act of identifying, or proving to be the same; also, the state of being identified.

Identify <Xpage=725>

I*den"ti*fy (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Identified (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Identifying (?) .] [Cf. F. identifier . See Identity , and -fy .] 1. To make to be the same; to unite or combine in such a manner as to make one; to treat as being one or having the same purpose or effect; to consider as the same in any relation.

Every precaution is taken to identify the interests of the people and of the rulers. D. Ramsay.

Let us identify , let us incorporate ourselves with the people. Burke.

2. To establish the identity of; to prove to be the same with something described, claimed, or asserted; as, to identify stolen property .

Identify <Xpage=725>

I*den"ti*fy (?) , v. i. To become the same; to coalesce in interest, purpose, use, effect, etc. [Obs. or R.]