Chapter 762

Hy`o*ster"nal (?) , a. [ Hyo- + ternal .] (Anat.) (a) Between the hyoid bone and the sternum, or pertaining to them; infrahyoid; as, the hyosternal region of the neck . (b) Pertaining to the hyosternum of turtles.

Hyosternum <Xpage=719>

Hy`o*ster"num (?) , n. [ Hyo- + sternum .] (Anat.) See Hyoplastron .

Hyostylic <Xpage=719>

Hy`o*styl"ic (?) , a. [ Hyo- + Gr. <?/ a pillar.] (Anat.) Having the mandible suspended by the hyomandibular, or upper part of the hyoid arch, as in fishes, instead of directly articulated with the skull as in mammals; -- said of the skull.

Hyp <Xpage=719>

Hyp (?) , n. An abbreviation of hypochonaria ; -- usually in plural. [Colloq.]

Heaven send thou hast not got the hyps . Swift.

Hyp <Xpage=719>

Hyp , v. t. To make melancholy. [Colloq.]

W. Irving.

Hyp\'91thral, Hypethral <Xpage=719>

Hy*p\'91"thral , Hy*pe"thral (?) , a. [L. hypaethrus in the open air, uncovered, Gr. <?/; <?/ under + <?/ ether, the clear sky.] (Arch.) Exposed to the air; wanting a roof; -- applied to a building or part of a building.

Gwilt.

Hypallage <Xpage=719>

Hy*pal"la*ge (?) , n. [L., fr. Gr. <?/, prop., interchange, exchange, fr, <?/ to interchange; <?/ under + <?/ to change.] (Gram.) A figure consisting of a transference of attributes from their proper subjects to other. Thus Virgil says, " dare classibus austros ," to give the winds to the fleets, instead of dare classibus austris , to give the fleets to the winds.

The hypallage , of which Virgil is fonder than any other writer, is much the gravest fault in language. Landor.

Hypanthium <Xpage=719>

Hy*pan"thi*um (?) , n. ; pl. L. Hypanthia (#) , E. Hypanthiums (#) . [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ beneath + <?/ flower.] (Bot.) A fruit consisting in large part of a receptacle, enlarged below the calyx, as in the alycanthus , the rose hip, and the pear.

Hypapophysis <Xpage=719>

Hy`pa*poph"y*sis (?) , n. ; pl. Hypapophyles (#) . [NL. See Hypo- , and Apophysis .] (Anat.) A process, or other element, of a vertebra developed from the ventral side of the centrum, as h\'91mal spines, and chevron bones. -- Hy`pa*po*phys"i*al (#) , a.

Hyparterial <Xpage=719>

Hy`par*te"ri*al (?) , a. [ Hypo- + arterial .] (Anat.) Situated below an artery; applied esp. to the branches of the bronchi given off below the point where the pulmonary artery crosses the bronchus.

Hypaspist <Xpage=719>

Hy*pas"pist (?) , n. [Gr. <?/.] (Gr. Antiq.) A shield-bearer or armor-bearer.

Mitford.

Hypaxial <Xpage=719>

Hy*pax"i*al (?) , a. [ Hypo- + axial .] (Anat.) Beneath the axis of the skeleton; subvertebral; hyposkeletal.

Hyper- <Xpage=719>

Hy"per- (?) . [Gr. <?/ over, above; akin to L. super , E. over . See Over , and cf. Super- .] 1. A prefix signifying over , above ; as, hyper physical, hyper thyrion ; also, above measure , abnormally great , excessive ; as, hyper \'91mia, hyper bola, hyper critical, hyper secretion .

2. (Chem.) A prefix equivalent to super- or per- ; as hyper oxide, or per oxide. [Obs.] See Per- .

Hyper\'91mia <Xpage=719>

Hy`per*\'91"mi*a (?) , n. [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ over + <?/ blood.] (Med.) A superabundance or congestion of blood in an organ or part of the body.

Active hyper\'91mia , cognestion d%ue to increased flow of blood to a part. -- Passive hyper\'91mia , interchange due to obstruction in the return of blood from a part.

-- Hy`per*\'91"mic (#) , a.

Hyper\'91sthesia <Xpage=719>

Hy`per*\'91s*the"si*a (?) , n. [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ over + <?/ sense, perception.] (Med. & Physiol.) A state of exalted or morbidly increased sensibility of the body, or of a part of it. -- Hy`per*\'91s*thet"ic (#) , a.

Hyperapophysis <Xpage=719>

Hy`per*a*poph"y*sis (?) , n. ; pl. Hyperapophyses (#) . [NL. See Hyper- , and Apophysis .] (Anat.) A lateral and backward-projecting process on the dorsal side of a vertebra. -- Hy`per*ap`o*phys"i*al (#) , a.

Hyperaspist <Xpage=719>

Hy`per*as"pist (?) , n. [Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to cover with a shield; <?/ over + <?/ shield.] One who holds a shield over another; hence, a defender. [Obs.]

Chillingworth.

Hyperbatic <Xpage=719>

Hy`per*bat"ic (?) , a. Of or pertaining to an hyperbaton; transposed; inverted.

Hyperbaton <Xpage=719>

Hy*per"ba*ton (?) , n. [L., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ transposed, fr. <?/ to step over; <?/ over + <?/ to step.] (Gram.) A figurative construction, changing or inverting the natural order of words or clauses; as, "echoed the hills" for "the hills echoed ."

With a violent hyperbaton to transpose the text. Milton.

Hyperbola <Xpage=719>

Hy*per"bo*la (?) , n. [Gr. <?/, prop., an overshooting, excess, i. e. , of the angle which the cutting plane makes with the base. See Hyperbole .] (Geom.) A curve formed by a section of a cone, when the cutting plane makes a greater angle with the base than the side of the cone makes. It is a plane curve such that the difference of the distances from any point of it to two fixed points, called foci , is equal to a given distance. See Focus . If the cutting plane be produced so as to cut the opposite cone, another curve will be formed, which is also an hyperbola. Both curves are regarded as branches of the same hyperbola. See Illust . of Conic section , and Focus .

Hyperbole <Xpage=719>

Hy*per"bo*le (?) , n. [L., fr. Gr<?/, prop., an overshooting, excess, fr. Gr. <?/ to throw over or beyond; <?/ over + <?/ to throw. See Hyper- , Parable , and cf. Hyperbola .] (Rhet.) A figure of speech in which the expression is an evident exaggeration of the meaning intended to be conveyed, or by which things are represented as much greater or less, better or worse, than they really are; a statement exaggerated fancifully, through excitement, or for effect.

Our common forms of compliment are almost all of them extravagant hyperboles . Blair.

Somebody has said of the boldest figure in rhetoric, the hyperbole , that it lies without deceiving. Macaulay.

Hyperbolic, Hyperbolical <Xpage=719>

Hy`per*bol"ic (?) , Hy`per*bol"ic*al (?) , a. [L. hyperbolicus , Gr. <?/: cf. F. hyperbolique .] 1. (Math.) Belonging to the hyperbola; having the nature of the hyperbola.

2. (Rhet.) Relating to, containing, or of the nature of, hyperbole; exaggerating or diminishing beyond the fact; exceeding the truth; as, an hyperbolical expression . "This hyperbolical epitaph."

Fuller.

Hyperbolic functions (Math.) , certain functions which have relations to the hyperbola corresponding to those which sines, cosines, tangents, etc., have to the circle; and hence, called hyperbolic sines , hyperbolic cosines , etc. -- Hyperbolic logarithm . See Logarithm . -- Hyperbolic spiral (Math.) , a spiral curve, the law of which is, that the distance from the pole to the generating point varies inversely as the angle swept over by the radius vector.

<page="720"> Page 720

Hyperbolically <Xpage=720>

Hy`per*bol"ic*al*ly (?) , adv. 1. (Math.) In the form of an hyperbola.

2. (Rhet.) With exaggeration; in a manner to express more or less than the truth.

Sir W. Raleigh.

Hyperboliform <Xpage=720>

Hy`per*bol"i*form (?) , a. [ Hyperbola + - form .] Having the form, or nearly the form, of an hyperbola.

Hyperbolism <Xpage=720>

Hy*per"bo*lism (?) , n. [Cf. F. hyperbolisme .] The use of hyperbole.

Jefferson.

Hyperbolist <Xpage=720>

Hy*per"bo*list (?) , n. One who uses hyperboles.

Hyperbolize <Xpage=720>

Hy*per"bo*lize (?) , v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Hyperbolized (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Hyperbolizing (?) .] [Cf. F. hyperboliser .] To speak or write with exaggeration.

Bp. Montagu.

Hyperbolize <Xpage=720>

Hy*per"bo*lize , v. t. To state or represent hyperbolically.

Fotherby.

Hyperboloid <Xpage=720>

Hy*per"bo*loid (?) , n. [ Hyperbola + - oid : cf. F. hyperbolo\'8bde .] (Geom.) A surface of the second order, which is cut by certain planes in hyperbolas; also, the solid, bounded in part by such a surface.

Hyperboloid of revolution , an hyperboloid described by an hyperbola revolving about one of its axes. The surface has two separate sheets when the axis of revolution is the transverse axis, but only one when the axis of revolution is the conjugate axis of the hyperbola.

Hyperboloid <Xpage=720>

Hy*per"bo*loid , a. (Geom.) Having some property that belongs to an hyperboloid or hyperbola.

Hyperborean <Xpage=720>

Hy`per*bo"re*an (?) , a. [L. hyperboreus , Gr. <?/; <?/ over, beyond + <?/. See Boreas .] 1. (Greek Myth.) Of or pertaining to the region beyond the North wind, or to its inhabitants.

2. Northern; belonging to, or inhabiting, a region in very far north; most northern; hence, very cold; fright, as, a hyperborean coast or atmosphere .

The hyperborean or frozen sea. C. Butler (1633).

Hyperborean <Xpage=720>

Hy`per*bo"re*an , n. 1. (Greek Myth.) One of the people who lived beyond the North wind, in a land of perpetual sunshine.

2. An inhabitant of the most northern regions.

Hypercarbureted <Xpage=720>

Hy`per*car"bu*ret`ed (?) , a. (Chem.) Having an excessive proportion of carbonic acid; -- said of bicarbonates or acid carbonates. [Written also hypercarburetted .]

Hypercatalectic <Xpage=720>

Hy`per*cat`a*lec"tic (?) , a. [L. hypercatalecticus , hypercatalectus , Gr. <?/: cf. F. hypercatalectique . See Hyper- , and Catalectic .] (Pros.) Having a syllable or two beyond measure; as, a hypercatalectic verse .

Hyperchloric <Xpage=720>

Hy`per*chlo"ric (?) , a. (Chem.) See Perchloric .

Hyperchromatism <Xpage=720>

Hy`per*chro"ma*tism (?) , n. The condition of having an unusual intensity of color.

Hypercritic <Xpage=720>

Hy`per*crit"ic (?) , n. [Pref. hyper- + critic : cf. F. hypercritique .] One who is critical beyond measure or reason; a carping critic; a captious censor. " Hypercritics in English poetry."

Dryden.

Hypercritic <Xpage=720>

Hy`per*crit"ic , a. Hypercritical.

Hypercritical <Xpage=720>

Hy`per*crit"ic*al (?) , a. 1. Over critical; unreasonably or unjustly critical; carping; captious. " Hypercritical readers."

Swift.

2. Excessively nice or exact.

Evelyn.

Hypercritically <Xpage=720>

Hy`per*crit"ic*al*ly , adv. In a hypercritical manner.

Hypercriticise <Xpage=720>

Hy`per*crit"i*cise (?) , v. t. To criticise with unjust severity; to criticise captiously.

Hypercriticism <Xpage=720>

Hy`per*crit"i*cism (?) , n. Excessive criticism, or unjust severity or rigor of criticism; zoilism.

Hyperdicrotic <Xpage=720>

Hy`per*di*crot"ic (?) , a. (Physiol.) Excessive dicrotic; as, a hyperdicrotic pulse .

Hyperdicrotism <Xpage=720>

Hy`per*di"cro*tism (?) , n. (Physiol.) A hyperdicrotic condition.

Hyperdicrotous <Xpage=720>

Hy`per*di"cro*tous (?) , a. (Physiol.) Hyperdicrotic.

Hyperdulia <Xpage=720>

Hy`per*du*li"a (?) , n. [Pref. hyper- + dulia : cf. F. hyperdulie .] (R. C. Ch.) Veneration or worship given to the Virgin Mary as the most exalted of mere creatures; higher veneration than dulia.

Addis & Arnold.

Hyperduly <Xpage=720>

Hy"per*du`ly (?) , n. Hyperdulia. [Obs.]

Hyperesthesia <Xpage=720>

Hy`per*es*the"si*a (?) , n. Same as Hyper\'91sthesia .

Hypericum <Xpage=720>

Hy*per"i*cum (?) , n. [L., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/; <?/ under, among + <?/, <?/, heath, heather.] (Bot.) A genus of plants, generally with dotted leaves and yellow flowers; -- called also St. John's-wort .

Hyperinosis <Xpage=720>

Hy`per*i*no"sis (?) , n. [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ over + <?/, <?/, strength, fiber.] (Med.) A condition of the blood, characterized by an abnormally large amount of fibrin, as in many inflammatory diseases.

Hyperion <Xpage=720>

Hy*pe"ri*on (?) , n. [L., fr. Gr. <?/.] (Class Myth.) The god of the sun; in the later mythology identified with Apollo, and distinguished for his beauty.

So excellent a king; that was, to this, Hyperion to a satyr. Shak.

Hyperkinesis <Xpage=720>

Hy`per*ki*ne"sis (?) , n. [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ over + <?/ motion.] (Med.) Abnormally increased muscular movement; spasm.

Hyperkinetic <Xpage=720>

Hy`per*ki*net"ic (?) , a. Of or pertaining to hyperkinesis.

Hypermetamorphosis <Xpage=720>

Hy`per*met`a*mor"pho*sis (?) , n. [ Hyper- + metamorphosis .] (Zo\'94l.) A kind of metamorphosis, in certain insects, in which the larva itself undergoes remarkable changes of form and structure during its growth.

Hypermeter <Xpage=720>

Hy*per"me*ter (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ beyond all measure; <?/ over, beyond + <?/ measure: cf. F. hyperm\'8atre .] 1. (Pros.) A verse which has a redundant syllable or foot; a hypercatalectic verse.

2. Hence, anything exceeding the ordinary standard.

When a man rises beyond six foot, he is an hypermeter . Addison.

Hypermetrical <Xpage=720>

Hy`per*met"ric*al (?) , a. Having a redundant syllable; exceeding the common measure.

Hypermetrical verse (Gr. & Lat. Pros.) , a verse which contains a syllable more than the ordinary measure.

Hypermetropia, Hypermetropy <Xpage=720>

Hy`per*me*tro"pi*a (?) , Hy`per*met"ro*py (?) , n. [NL. hypermetropia , fr. Gr. <?/ excessive + <?/, <?/, the eye. See Hypermeter .] A condition of the eye in which, through shortness of the eyeball or fault of the refractive media, the rays of light come to a focus behind the retina; farsightedness; -- called also hyperopia . Cf. Emmetropia .

&hand; In hypermetropia , vision for distant objects, although not better absolutely, is better than that for near objects, and hence, the individual is said to be farsighted. It is corrected by the use of convex glasses.

-- Hy`per*me*trop"ic (#) , a.

Hypermyriorama <Xpage=720>

Hy`per*myr`i*o*ra"ma (?) , n. [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ beyond + <?/ countless + <?/ view.] A show or exhibition having a great number of scenes or views.

Hyperoartia <Xpage=720>

Hy`per*o*ar"ti*a (?) , n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of marsipobranchs including the lampreys. The suckerlike moth contains numerous teeth; the nasal opening is in the middle of the head above, but it does not connect with the mouth. See Cyclostoma , and Lamprey .

Hyperopia <Xpage=720>

Hy`per*o"pi*a (?) , n. [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ over + <?/, <?/, the eye.] Hypermetropia. -- Hy`per*op"tic (#) , a.

Hyperorganic <Xpage=720>

Hy`per*or*gan"ic (?) , a. [Pref. hyper- + organic .] Higher than, or beyond the sphere of, the organic.

Sir W. Hamilton.

Hyperorthodoxy <Xpage=720>

Hy`per*or"tho*dox`y (?) , n. Orthodoxy pushed to excess.

Hyperotreta <Xpage=720>

Hy`per*o*tre"ta (?) , n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ the plate + <?/ perforated.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of marsipobranchs, including the Myxine or hagfish and the genus Bdellostoma . They have barbels around the mouth, one tooth on the plate, and a communication between tionnasal aperture and the throat. See Hagfish . [Written also Hyperotreti .]

Hyperoxide <Xpage=720>

Hy`per*ox"ide (?) , n. (Chem.) A compound having a relatively large percentage of oxygen; a peroxide. [Obs.]

Hyperoxygenated, Hyperoxygenized <Xpage=720>

Hy`per*ox"y*gen*a`ted (?) , Hy`per*ox"y*gen*ized (?) , a. (Chem.) Combined with a relatively large amount of oxygen; -- said of higher oxides. [Obs.]

Hyperoxymuriate <Xpage=720>

Hy`per*ox`y*mu"ri*ate (?) , n. (Chem.) A perchlorate. [Obs.]

Hyperoxymuriatic <Xpage=720>

Hy`per*ox`y*mu`ri*at"ic (?) , a. (Chem.) Perchloric; as, hyperoxymuriatic acid . [Obs.]

Hyperphysical <Xpage=720>

Hy`per*phys"ic*al (?) , a. Above or transcending physical laws; supernatural.

Those who do not fly to some hyperphysical hypothesis. Sir W. Hamilton.

Hyperplasia <Xpage=720>

Hy`per*pla"si*a (?) , n. [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ over + <?/ conformation, fr. <?/ to mold.] (Med. & Biol.) An increase in, or excessive growth of, the normal elements of any part.

&hand; Hyperplasia relates to the formation of new elements, hypertrophy being an increase in bulk of preexisting normal elements.

Dunglison.

Hyperplastic <Xpage=720>

Hy`per*plas"tic (?) , a. 1. Of or pertaining to hyperplasia.

2. (Biol.) Tending to excess of formative action.

Hypern\'d2a <Xpage=720>

Hy`per*n\'d2"a (?) , n. [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ over + <?/, <?/, breath.] (Physiol.) Abnormal breathing, due to slightly deficient arterialization of the blood; -- in distinction from eupn\'d2a . See Eupn\'d2a , and Dispn\'d2a .

Hyperpyrexia <Xpage=720>

Hy`per*py*rex"i*a (?) , n. [NL. See Hyper- , and Pyrexia .] (Med.) A condition of excessive fever; an elevation of temperature in a disease, in excess of the limit usually observed in that disease.

Hypersecretion <Xpage=720>

Hy`per*se*cre"tion (?) , n. (Med.) Morbid or excessive secretion, as in catarrh.

Hypersensibility <Xpage=720>

Hy`per*sen`si*bil"i*ty (?) , n. See Hyper\'91sthesia .

Hyperspace <Xpage=720>

Hy"per*space (?) , n. [Pref. hyper- + space .] (Geom.) An imagined space having more than three dimensions.

Hypersthene <Xpage=720>