Chapter 719

Heart"shaped` (<?/) , a. Having the shape of a heart; cordate .

Heartsick <Xpage=679>

Heart"sick` (?) , a. [AS. heorise\'a2c .] Sick at heart; extremely depressed in spirits; very despondent.

Heartsome <Xpage=679>

Heart"some (?) , a. Merry; cheerful; lively. [Scot.]

Heart-spoon <Xpage=679>

Heart"-spoon` (?) , n. A part of the breastbone. [Obs.]

He feeleth through the herte-spon the pricke. Chaucer.

Heartstricken <Xpage=679>

Heart"strick`en (?) , a. Shocked; dismayed.

Heartstrike <Xpage=679>

Heart"strike` (?) , v. t. To affect at heart; to shock. [R.] "The seek to heartstrike us."

B. Jonson.

Heartstring <Xpage=679>

Heart"string` (?) , n. A nerve or tendon, supposed to brace and sustain the heart.

Shak.

Sobbing, as if a hearstring broke. Moore.

Heartstruck <Xpage=679>

Heart"struck` (?) , a. 1. Driven to the heart; infixed in the mind. "His heartstruck injuries."

Shak.

2. Shocked with pain, fear, or remorse; dismayed; heartstricken.

Milton.

Heartswelling <Xpage=679>

Heart"swell`ing (?) , a. Rankling in, or swelling, the heart. " Heartswelling hate."

Spenser.

Heart-whole <Xpage=679>

Heart"-whole` (?) , a. [See Whole .] 1. Having the heart or affections free; not in love.

Shak.

2. With unbroken courage; undismayed.

3. Of a single and sincere heart.

If he keeps heart-whole towards his Master. Bunyan.

Heartwood <Xpage=679>

Heart"wood` (?) , n. The hard, central part of the trunk of a tree, consisting of the old and matured wood, and usually differing in color from the outer layers. It is technically known as duramen , and distinguished from the softer sapwood or alburnum .

Heart-wounded <Xpage=679>

Heart"-wound`ed (?) , a. Wounded to the heart with love or grief.

Pope.

Hearty <Xpage=679>

Heart"y (?) , a. [ Compar. Heartier (?) ; superl. Heartiest .] 1. Pertaining to, or proceeding from, the heart; warm; cordial; bold; zealous; sincere; willing; also, energetic; active; eager; as, a hearty welcome; hearty in supporting the government.

Full of hearty tears For our good father's loss. Marston.

2. Exhibiting strength; sound; healthy; firm; not weak; as, a hearty timber .

3. Promoting strength; nourishing; rich; abundant; as, hearty food; a hearty meal.

Syn. -- Sincere; real; unfeigned; undissembled; cordial; earnest; warm; zealous; ardent; eager; active; vigorous. -- Hearty , Cordial , Sincere . Hearty implies honesty and simplicity of feelings and manners; cordial refers to the warmth and liveliness with which the feelings are expressed; sincere implies that this expression corresponds to the real sentiments of the heart. A man should be hearty in his attachment to his friends, cordial in his reception of them to his house, and sincere in his offers to assist them.

Hearty <Xpage=679>

Heart"y , n. ; pl. Hearties (<?/) . Comrade; boon companion; good fellow; -- a term of familiar address and fellowship among sailors.

Dickens.

Heartyhale <Xpage=679>

Heart"y*hale` (?) , a. Good for the heart. [Obs.]

Heat <Xpage=679>

Heat (?) , n. [OE. hete , h\'91te , AS. h<?/tu , h<?/to , fr. h\'bet hot; akin to OHG. heizi heat, Dan. hede , Sw. hetta . See Hot .] 1. A force in nature which is recognized in various effects, but especially in the phenomena of fusion and evaporation, and which, as manifested in fire, the sun's rays, mechanical action, chemical combination, etc., becomes directly known to us through the sense of feeling. In its nature heat is a mode if motion, being in general a form of molecular disturbance or vibration. It was formerly supposed to be a subtile, imponderable fluid, to which was given the name caloric .

&hand; As affecting the human body, heat produces different sensations, which are called by different names, as heat or sensible heat, warmth, cold, etc., according to its degree or amount relatively to the normal temperature of the body.

2. The sensation caused by the force or influence of heat when excessive, or above that which is normal to the human body; the bodily feeling experienced on exposure to fire, the sun's rays, etc.; the reverse of cold .

3. High temperature, as distinguished from low temperature, or cold; as, the heat of summer and the cold of winter; heat of the skin or body in fever, etc.

Else how had the world . . . Avoided pinching cold and scorching heat ! Milton.

4. Indication of high temperature; appearance, condition, or color of a body, as indicating its temperature; redness; high color; flush; degree of temperature to which something is heated, as indicated by appearance, condition, or otherwise.

It has raised . . . heats in their faces. Addison.

The heats smiths take of their iron are a blood-red heat , a white-flame heat , and a sparking or welding heat . Moxon.

5. A single complete operation of heating, as at a forge or in a furnace; as, to make a horseshoe in a certain number of heats .

6. A violent action unintermitted; a single effort; a single course in a race that consists of two or more courses; as, he won two heats out of three .

Many causes . . . for refreshment betwixt the heats . Dryden.

[He] struck off at one heat the matchless tale of "Tam o'Shanter." J. C. Shairp.

7. Utmost violence; rage; vehemence; as, the heat of battle or party . "The heat of their division."

Shak.

8. Agitation of mind; inflammation or excitement; exasperation. "The head and hurry of his rage."

South.

9. Animation, as in discourse; ardor; fervency.

With all the strength and heat of eloquence. Addison.

10. Sexual excitement in animals.

11. Fermentation.

Animal heat , Blood heat , Capacity for heat , etc. See under Animal , Blood , etc. -- Atomic heat ( Chem. ), the product obtained by multiplying the atomic weight of any element by its specific heat. The atomic heat of all solid elements is nearly a constant, the mean value being 6.4. -- Dynamical theory of heat , that theory of heat which assumes it to be, not a peculiar kind of matter, but a peculiar motion of the ultimate particles of matter. Heat engine , any apparatus by which a heated substance, as a heated fluid, is made to perform work by giving motion to mechanism, as a hot-air engine, or a steam engine. -- Heat producers . (Physiol.) See under Food . -- Heat rays , a term formerly applied to the rays near the red end of the spectrum, whether within or beyond the visible spectrum. -- Heat weight (Mech.) , the product of any quantity of heat by the mechanical equivalent of heat divided by the absolute temperature; -- called also thermodynamic function , and entropy . -- Mechanical equivalent of heat . See under Equivalent . -- Specific heat of a substance (at any temperature), the number of units of heat required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of the substance at that temperature one degree. -- Unit of heat , the quantity of heat required to raise, by one degree, the temperature of a unit mass of water, initially at a certain standard temperature. The temperature usually employed is that of 0&deg; Centigrade, or 32&deg; Fahrenheit.

Heat <Xpage=679>

Heat (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Heated ; p. pr. & vb. n. Heating .] [OE. heten , AS. h<?/tan , fr. h\'bet hot. See Hot .] 1. To make hot; to communicate heat to, or cause to grow warm; as, to heat an oven or furnace, an iron, or the like .

Heat me these irons hot. Shak.

2. To excite or make hot by action or emotion; to make feverish.

Pray, walk softly; do not heat your blood. Shak.

3. To excite ardor in; to rouse to action; to excite to excess; to inflame, as the passions.

A noble emulation heats your breast. Dryden.

Heat <Xpage=679>

Heat , v. i. 1. To grow warm or not by the action of fire or friction, etc., or the communication of heat; as, the iron or the water heats slow<?/y .

2. To grow warm or hot by fermentation, or the development of heat by chemical action; as, green hay heats in a mow, and manure in the dunghill .

Heat <Xpage=679>

Heat (?) , imp. & p. p. of Heat . Heated; as, the iron though heat red-hot . [Obs. or Archaic.]

Shak.

Heater <Xpage=679>

Heat"er (?) , n. 1. One who, or that which, heats.

2. Any contrivance or implement, as a furnace, stove, or other heated body or vessel, etc., used to impart heat to something, or to contain something to be heated.

Feed heater . See under Feed .

Heath <Xpage=679>

Heath (?) , n. [OE. heth waste land, the plant heath, AS. h<?/<?/ ; akin to D. & G. heide , Icel. hei<?/r waste land, Dan. hede , Sw. hed , Goth. haipi field, L. bucetum a cow pasture; cf. W. coed a wood, Skr. ksh<?/tra field. &root;20.] 1. (Bot.) (a) A low shrub ( Erica, &or; Calluna, vulgaris ), with minute evergreen leaves, and handsome clusters of pink flowers. It is used in Great Britain for brooms, thatch, beds for the poor, and for heating ovens. It is also called heather , and ling . (b) Also, any species of the genus Erica , of which several are European, and many more are South African, some of great beauty. See Illust . of Heather .

2. A place overgrown with heath; any cheerless tract of country overgrown with shrubs or coarse herbage.

Their stately growth, though bare, Stands on the blasted heath . Milton

Heath cock (Zo\'94l.) , the blackcock. See Heath grouse (below). -- Heath grass (Bot.) , a kind of perennial grass, of the genus Triodia ( T. decumbens ), growing on dry heaths. -- Heath grouse , &or; Heath game (Zo\'94l.) , a European grouse ( Tetrao tetrix ), which inhabits heats; -- called also black game , black grouse , heath poult , heath fowl , moor fowl . The male is called, heath cock , and blackcock ; the female, heath hen , and gray hen . -- Heath hen . (Zo\'94l.) See Heath grouse (above). -- Heath pea (bot.) , a species of bitter vetch ( Lathyris macrorhizus ), the tubers of which are eaten, and in Scotland are used to flavor whisky. -- Heath throstle (Zo\'94l.) , a European thrush which frequents heaths; the ring ouzel.

Heathclad <Xpage=679>

Heath"clad` (?) , a. Clad or crowned with heath.

Heathen <Xpage=679>

Hea"then (?; 277) , n. ; pl. Heathens (#) or collectively Heathen . [OE. hethen , AS. h<?/<?/en , prop. an adj. fr. h<?/<?/ heath, and orig., therefore, one who lives in the country or on the heaths and in the woods (cf. pagan , fr. pagus village); akin to OS. h<?/<?/in , adj., D. heiden a heathen, G. heide , OHG. heidan , Icel. hei<?/inn , adj., Sw. heden , Goth. haipn<?/ , n. fem. See Heath , and cf. Hoiden .] 1. An individual of the pagan or unbelieving nations, or those which worship idols and do not acknowledge the true God; a pagan; an idolater.

2. An irreligious person.

If it is no more than a moral discourse, he may preach it and they may hear it, and yet both continue unconverted heathens . V. Knox.

The heathen , as the term is used in the Scriptures, all people except the Jews; now used of all people except Christians, Jews, and Mohammedans.

Ask of me, and I shall give thee the heathen for thine inheritance. Ps. ii. 8.

Syn. -- Pagan; gentile. See Pagan .

Heathen <Xpage=679>

Hea"then (?) , a. 1. Gentile; pagan; as, a heathen author . "The heathen philosopher." "All in gold, like heathen gods."

Shak.

2. Barbarous; unenlightened; heathenish.

3. Irreligious; scoffing.

Heathendom <Xpage=679>

Hea"then*dom (?) , n. [AS. h&aemac;&edh;end&omac;m .] 1. That part of the world where heathenism prevails; the heathen nations, considered collectively.

2. Heathenism.

C. Kingsley.

Heathenesse <Xpage=679>

Hea"then*esse (?) , n. [AS. h&aemac;&edh;ennes , i. e., heathenness.] Heathendom. [Obs.]

Chaucer. Sir W. Scott.

Heathenish <Xpage=679>

Hea"then*ish , a. [AS. h&aemac;&edh;enisc .] 1. Of or pertaining to the heathen; resembling or characteristic of heathens. "Worse than heathenish crimes."

Milton.

2. Rude; uncivilized; savage; cruel.

South.

3. Irreligious; as, a heathenish way of living .

Heathenishly <Xpage=679>

Hea"then*ish"ly , adv. In a heathenish manner.

Heathenishness <Xpage=679>

Hea"then*ish*ness , n. The state or quality of being heathenish. "The . . . heathenishness and profaneness of most playbooks."

Prynne.

Heathenism <Xpage=679>

Hea"then*ism (?) , n. 1. The religious system or rites of a heathen nation; idolatry; paganism.

2. The manners or morals usually prevalent in a heathen country; ignorance; rudeness; barbarism.

Heathenize <Xpage=679>

Hea"then*ize (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Heathenized (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Heathenizing (?) .] To render heathen or heathenish.

Firmin.

Heathenness <Xpage=679>

Hea"then*ness , n. [Cf. Heathenesse .] State of being heathen or like the heathen.

Heathenry <Xpage=679>

Hea"then*ry (?) , n. 1. The state, quality, or character of the heathen.

Your heathenry and your laziness. C. Kingsley.

2. Heathendom; heathen nations.

Heather <Xpage=679>

Heath"er (?; 277. This is the only pronunciation in Scotland) , n. [See Heath .] Heath. [Scot.]

Gorse and grass And heather , where his footsteps pass, The brighter seem. Longfellow.

Heather bell (Bot.) , one of the pretty subglobose flowers of two European kinds of heather ( Erica Tetralix , and E. cinerea ).

Heathery <Xpage=679>

Heath"er*y (?) , a. Heathy; abounding in heather; of the nature of heath.

Heathy <Xpage=679>

Heath"y (?) , a. Full of heath; abounding with heath; as, heathy land; heathy hills.

Sir W. Scott.

Heating <Xpage=679>

Heat"ing (?) , a. That heats or imparts heat; promoting warmth or heat; exciting action; stimulating; as, heating medicines or applications .

Heating surface (Steam Boilers) , the aggregate surface exposed to fire or to the heated products of combustion, esp. of all the plates or sheets that are exposed to water on their opposite surfaces; -- called also fire surface .

Heatingly <Xpage=679>

Heat"ing*ly , adv. In a heating manner; so as to make or become hot or heated.

Heatless <Xpage=679>

Heat"less , a. Destitute of heat; cold. Beau. & Fl .

Heave <Xpage=679>

Heave (?) , v. t. [ imp. Heaved (?) , or Hove (<?/) ; p. p. Heaved , Hove , formerly Hoven (<?/) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Heaving .] [OE. heven , hebben , As. hebban ; akin to OS. hebbian , D. heffen , OHG. heffan , hevan , G. heven , Icel. h\'84fva , Dan. h\'91ve , Goth. hafjan , L. capere to take, seize; cf. Gr. <?/ handle. Cf. Accept , Behoof , Capacious , Forceps , haft , Receipt .] 1. To cause to move upward or onward by a lifting effort; to lift; to raise; to hoist; -- often with up ; as, the wave heaved the boat on land .

One heaved ahigh, to be hurled down below. Shak.

&hand; Heave , as now used, implies that the thing raised is heavy or hard to move; but formerly it was used in a less restricted sense.

Here a little child I stand, Heaving up my either hand. Herrick.

2. To throw; to cast; -- obsolete, provincial, or colloquial, except in certain nautical phrases; as, to heave the lead; to heave the log.

3. To force from, or into, any position; to cause to move; also, to throw off; -- mostly used in certain nautical phrases; as, to heave the ship ahead .

4. To raise or force from the breast; to utter with effort; as, to heave a sigh .

The wretched animal heaved forth such groans. Shak.

5. To cause to swell or rise, as the breast or bosom.

The glittering, finny swarms That heave our friths, and crowd upon our shores. Thomson.

To heave a cable short (Naut.) , to haul in cable till the ship is almost perpendicularly above the anchor. -- To heave a ship ahead (Naut.) , to warp her ahead when not under sail, as by means of cables. -- To heave a ship down (Naut.) , to throw or lay her down on one side; to careen her. -- To heave a ship to (Naut.) , to bring the ship's head to the wind, and stop her motion. -- To heave about (Naut.) , to put about suddenly. -- To heave in (Naut.) , to shorten (cable). -- To heave in stays (Naut.) , to put a vessel on the other tack. -- To heave out a sail (Naut.) , to unfurl it. -- To heave taut (Naut.) , to turn a capstan, etc., till the rope becomes strained. See Taut , and Tight . -- To heave the lead (Naut.) , to take soundings with lead and line. -- To heave the log . (Naut.) See Log . -- To heave up anchor (Naut.) , to raise it from the bottom of the sea or elsewhere.

<page="680"> Page 680

Heave <Xpage=680>

Heave (?) , v. i. 1. To be thrown up or raised; to rise upward, as a tower or mound.

And the huge columns heave into the sky. Pope.

Where heaves the turf in many a moldering heap. Gray.

The heaving sods of Bunker Hill. E. Everett.

2. To rise and fall with alternate motions, as the lungs in heavy breathing, as waves in a heavy sea, as ships on the billows, as the earth when broken up by frost, etc.; to swell; to dilate; to expand; to distend; hence, to labor; to struggle.

Frequent for breath his panting bosom heaves . Prior.

The heaving plain of ocean. Byron.