Chapter 710

2. To accustom by labor or suffering to endure with constancy; to strengthen; to stiffen; to inure; also, to confirm in wickedness or shame; to make unimpressionable. " Harden not your heart."

Ps. xcv. 8.

I would harden myself in sorrow. Job vi. 10.

Harden <Xpage=670>

Hard"en , v. i. 1. To become hard or harder; to acquire solidity, or more compactness; as, mortar hardens by drying .

The deliberate judgment of those who knew him [A. Lincoln] has hardened into tradition. The Century.

2. To become confirmed or strengthened, in either a good or a bad sense.

They, hardened more by what might most reclaim. Milton.

Hardened <Xpage=670>

Hard"ened (?) , a. Made hard, or compact; made unfeeling or callous; made obstinate or obdurate; confirmed in error or vice.

Syn. -- Impenetrable; hard; obdurate; callous; unfeeling; unsusceptible; insensible. See Obdurate .

Hardener <Xpage=670>

Hard"en*er (?) , n. One who, or that which, hardens; specif., one who tempers tools.

Hardening <Xpage=670>

Hard"en*ing , n. 1. Making hard or harder.

2. That which hardens, as a material used for converting the surface of iron into steel.

Harder <Xpage=670>

Har"der (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) A South African mullet, salted for food.

Harderian <Xpage=670>

Har*de"ri*an (?) , a. (Anat.) A term applied to a lachrymal gland on the inner side of the orbit of many animals which have a third eyelid, or nictitating membrane. See Nictitating membrane , under Nictitate .

Hard-favored <Xpage=670>

Hard"-fa`vored (?) , a. Hard-featured; ill-looking; as, Vulcan was hard-favored .

Dryden.

Hardfavoredness <Xpage=670>

Hard"fa`vored*ness , n. Coarseness of features.

Hard-featured <Xpage=670>

Hard"-fea`tured (?) , a Having coarse, unattractive or stern features.

Smollett.

Hardfern <Xpage=670>

Hard"fern` (?) , n. (Bot.) A species of fern ( Lomaria borealis ), growing in Europe and Northwestern America.

Hard-fisted <Xpage=670>

Hard"-fist`ed (?) , a. 1. Having hard or strong hands; as, a hard-fisted laborer .

2. Close-fisted; covetous; niggardly.

Bp. Hall.

Hard-fought <Xpage=670>

Hard"-fought` (?) , a. Vigorously contested; as, a hard-fought battle .

Hard grass <Xpage=670>

Hard" grass` (<?/) . (Bot.) A name given to several different grasses, especially to the Roltb\'94llia incurvata , and to the species of \'92gilops , from one of which it is contended that wheat has been derived.

Hardhack <Xpage=670>

Hard"hack` (<?/) , n. (Bot.) A very astringent shrub ( Spir\'91a tomentosa ), common in pastures. The Potentilla fruticosa in also called by this name.

Hard-handed <Xpage=670>

Hard"-hand`ed (?) , a. Having hard hands, as a manual laborer.

Hard-handed men that work in Athens here. Shak.

Hardhead <Xpage=670>

Hard"head` (?) , n. 1. Clash or collision of heads in contest.

Dryden.

2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The menhaden. See Menhaden . [Local, U.S.] (b) Block's gurnard ( Trigla gurnardus ) of Europe . (c) A California salmon; the steelhead . (d) The gray whale . See Gray whale , under Gray . (e) A coarse American commercial sponge ( Spongia dura ).

Hard-headed <Xpage=670>

Hard"-head`ed , a. Having sound judgment; sagacious; shrewd. -- Hard"-head`ed*ness , n.

Hard-hearted <Xpage=670>

Hard"-heart`ed (?) , a. Unsympathetic; inexorable; cruel; pitiless. -- Hard"-heart`ed*ness , n.

Harddihead <Xpage=670>

Hard"di*head (?) , n. Hardihood. [Obs.]

Harddihood <Xpage=670>

Hard"di*hood (?) , n. [ Hardy + -hood .] Boldness, united with firmness and constancy of mind; bravery; intrepidity; also, audaciousness; impudence.

A bound of graceful hardihood . Wordsworth.

It is the society of numbers which gives hardihood to iniquity. Buckminster.

Syn. -- Intrepidity; courage; pluck; resolution; stoutness; audacity; effrontery; impudence.

Hardily <Xpage=670>

Har"di*ly , adv. 1. Same as Hardly . [Obs.]

Chaucer.

2. Boldly; stoutly; resolutely.

Wyclif.

Hardiment <Xpage=670>

Har"di*ment (?) , n. [OF. hardement . See Hardy .] Hardihood; boldness; courage; energetic action. [Obs.]

Changing hardiment with great Glendower. Shak.

Hardiness <Xpage=670>

Har"di*ness (?) , n. 1. Capability of endurance.

2. Hardihood; boldness; firmness; assurance.

Spenser.

Plenty and peace breeds cowards; Hardness ever Of hardiness is mother. Shak.

They who were not yet grown to the hardiness of avowing the contempt of the king. Clarendon.

3. Hardship; fatigue. [Obs.]

Spenser.

Hardish <Xpage=670>

Hard"ish (?) , a. Somewhat hard.

Hard-labored <Xpage=670>

Hard"-la`bored (?) , a. Wrought with severe labor; elaborate; studied.

Swift.

Hardly <Xpage=670>

Hard"ly (?) , adv. [AS. heardlice . See Hand .]

1. In a hard or difficult manner; with difficulty.

Recovering hardly what he lost before. Dryden.

2. Unwillingly; grudgingly.

The House of Peers gave so hardly thei<?/ consent. Milton.

3. Scarcely; barely; not guite; not wholly.

Hardly shall you one so bad, but he desires the credit of being thought good. South.

4. Severely; harshly; roughly.

He has in many things been hardly used. Swift.

5. Confidently; hardily. [Obs.]

Holland.

6. Certainly; surely; indeed. [Obs.]

Chaucer.

Hard-mouthed <Xpage=670>

Hard"-mouthed` (?) , a. Not sensible to the bit; not easily governed; as, a hard-mouthed horse .

Hardness <Xpage=670>

Hard"ness , n. [AS. heardness .] 1. The quality or state of being hard, literally or figuratively.

The habit of authority also had given his manners some peremptory hardness . Sir W. Scott.

2. (Min.) The cohesion of the particles on the surface of a body, determined by its capacity to scratch another, or be itself scratched;-measured among minerals on a scale of which diamond and talc form the extremes.

3. (Chem.) The peculiar quality exhibited by water which has mineral salts dissolved in it. Such water forms an insoluble compound with soap, and is hence unfit for washing purposes.

&hand; This quality is caused by the presence of calcium carbonate, causing temporary hardness which can be removed by boiling, or by calcium sulphate, causing permanent hardness which can not be so removed, but may be improved by the addition of sodium carbonate.

Hardock <Xpage=670>

Har"dock (?) , n. [Obs.] See Hordock .

Hardpan <Xpage=670>

Hard"pan` (?) , n. The hard substratum. Same as Hard pan , under Hard , a.

Hards <Xpage=670>

Hards (?) , n. pl. [OE. herdes , AS. heordan ; akin to G . hede .] The refuse or coarse part of fiax; tow.

Hard-shell <Xpage=670>

Hard"-shell` (?) , a. Unyielding; insensible to argument; uncompromising; strict. [Collog., U.S.]

Hardship <Xpage=670>

Hard"ship (?) , n. That which is hard to hear, as toil, privation, injury, injustice, etc.

Swift.

Hardspun <Xpage=670>

Hard"spun` , a. Firmly twisted in spinning.

Hard-tack <Xpage=670>

Hard"-tack` (?) , n. A name given by soldiers and sailors to a kind of hard biscuit or sea bread.

Hardtail <Xpage=670>

Hard"tail` (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) See Jurel .

Hard-visaged <Xpage=670>

Hard"-vis`aged (?) , a. Of a harsh or stern countenance; hard-featured.

Burke.

Hardware <Xpage=670>

Hard"ware` (?) , n. Ware made of metal, as cutlery, kitchen utensils, and the like; ironmongery.

Hardwareman <Xpage=670>

Hard"ware`man (?) , n. ; pl. Hardwaremen (<?/) . One who makes, or deals in, hardware.

Hardy <Xpage=670>

Har"dy (?) , a. [ Compar. Hardier (?) ; superl. Hardiest .] [F. hardi , p. p. fr. OF. hardir to make bold; of German origin, cf. OHG. hertan to harden, G. h\'84rten . See Hard , a. ] 1. Bold; brave; stout; daring; resolu?e; intrepid.

Hap helpeth hardy man alway. Chaucer.

2. Confident; full of assurance; in a bad sense, morally hardened; shameless.

3. Strong; firm; compact.

[A] blast may shake in pieces his hardy fabric. South.

4. Inured to fatigue or hardships; strong; capable of endurance; as, a hardy veteran; a hardy mariner.

5. Able to withstand the cold of winter.

&hand; Plants which are hardy in Virginia may perish in New England. Half-hardy plants are those which are able to withstand mild winters or moderate frosts.

Hardy <Xpage=670>

Har"dy , n. A blacksmith's fuller or chisel, having a square shank for insertion into a square hole in an anvil, called the hardy hole .

Hare <Xpage=670>

Hare (?) , v. t. [Cf. Harry , Harass .] To excite; to tease, or worry; to harry. [Obs.]

Locke.

Hare <Xpage=670>

Hare , n. [AS. hara ; akin to D. haas , G. hase , OHG. haso , Dan. \'91 Sw. hare , Icel. h<?/ri , Skr. <?/a<?/a . <?/.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) A rodent of the genus Lepus , having long hind legs, a short tail, and a divided upper lip. It is a timid animal, moves swiftly by leaps, and is remarkable for its fecundity.

&hand; The species of hares are numerous. The common European hare is Lepustimidus . The northern or varying hare of America ( L. Americanus ), and the prairie hare ( L. campestris ), turn white in winter. In America, the various species of hares are commonly called rabbits .

2. (Astron.) A small constellation situated south of and under the foot of Orion; Lepus.

Hare and hounds , a game played by men and boys, two, called hares , having a few minutes' start, and scattering bits of paper to indicate their course, being chased by the others, called the hounds , through a wide circuit. -- Hare kangaroo (Zo\'94l.) . , a small Australian kangaroo ( Lagorchestes Leporoides ), resembling the hare in size and color, -- Hare's lettuce (Bot.) , a plant of the genus Sonchus , or sow thistle; -- so called because hares are said to eat it when fainting with heat. Dr. Prior . -- Jumping hare . (Zo\'94l.) See under Jumping . -- Little chief hare , &or; Crying hare . (Zo\'94l.) See Chief hare . -- Sea hare . (Zo\'94l.) See Aplysia .

Harebell <Xpage=670>

Hare"bell` (?) , n. (Bot.) A small, slender, branching plant ( Campanula rotundifolia ), having blue bell-shaped flowers; also, Scilla nutans , which has similar flowers; -- called also bluebell . [Written also hairbell .]

E'en the light harebell raised its head. Sir W. Scott .

<page="671"> Page 671

Hare'brained' <Xpage=671>

Hare"'brained`' (?) , a. Wild; giddy; volatile; heedless. "A mad hare-brained fellow." North (Plutarch) . [Written also hairbrained .]

Harefoot <Xpage=671>

Hare"foot` (?) , n. 1. (Zo\'94l.) A long, narrow foot, carried (that is, produced or extending) forward; -- said of dogs.

2. (Bot) A tree ( Ochroma Laqopus ) of the West Indies, having the stamens united somewhat in the form of a hare's foot.

Harefoot clover (Bot.) , a species of clover ( Trifolium arvense ) with soft and silky heads.

Hare-hearted <Xpage=671>

Hare"-heart`ed (?) , a. Timorous; timid; easily frightened.

Ainsworth.

Harehound <Xpage=671>

Hare"hound` (?) , n. See Harrier .

A. Chalmers.

Hareld <Xpage=671>

Har"eld (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) The long-tailed duck. See Old Squaw .

Harelip <Xpage=671>

Hare"lip` (?) , n. A lip, commonly the upper one, having a fissure of perpendicular division like that of a hare. -- Hare"lipped` (#) , a.

Harem <Xpage=671>

Ha"rem (?) , n. [Ar. haram , orig., anything forbidden of sacred, fr. harama to forbid, prohibit.] [Written also haram and hareem .] 1. The apartments or portion of the house allotted to females in Mohammedan families.

2. The family of wives and concubines belonging to one man, in Mohammedan countries; a seraglio.

Harengiform <Xpage=671>

Ha*ren"gi*form (?) , a. [F. hareng herring (LL. harengus ) + -form .] Herring-shaped.

Hare's-ear <Xpage=671>

Hare's"-ear` (?) , n. (Bot.) An umbelliferous plant ( Bupleurum rotundifolium ); -- so named from the shape of its leaves.

Dr. Prior.

Hare's-foot fern <Xpage=671>

Hare's"-foot` fern` (?) . (Bot.) A species of fern ( Davallia Canariensis ) with a soft, gray, hairy rootstock; -- whence the name.

Hare's-tail <Xpage=671>

Hare's"-tail` (-t&amac;l`) , n. (Bot.) A kind of grass ( Eriophorum vaginatum ). See Cotton grass , under Cotton .

Hare's-tail grass (Bot.) , a species of grass ( Lagurus ovatus ) whose head resembles a hare's tail.

Harfang <Xpage=671>

Har"fang (?) , n. [See Hare , n. , and Fang .] (Zo\'94l.) The snowy owl.

Hariali grass <Xpage=671>

Ha`ri*a"li grass` (?) . (Bot.) The East Indian name of the Cynodon Dactylon ; dog's-grass.

Haricot <Xpage=671>

Har"i*cot (?) , n. [F.] 1. A ragout or stew of meat with beans and other vegetables.

2. The ripe seeds, or the unripe pod, of the common string bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris ), used as a vegetable. Other species of the same genus furnish different kinds of haricots.

Harier <Xpage=671>

Har"i*er (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) See Harrier .

Harikari <Xpage=671>

Ha"ri*ka`ri (?) , n. See Hara-kiri .

Harioiation <Xpage=671>

Har`i*o*ia"tion (?) , n. [See Ariolation .] Prognostication; soothsaying. [Obs.]

Cockeram.

Harish <Xpage=671>

Har"ish (?) , a. Like a hare. [R.]

Huloet.

Hark <Xpage=671>

Hark (?) , v. i. [OE. herken . See Hearken .] To listen; to hearken. [Now rare, except in the imperative form used as an interjection, Hark! listen.]

Hudibras.

Hark away! Hark back! Hark forward! (Sporting) , cries used to incite and guide hounds in hunting. -- To hark back , to go back for a fresh start, as when one has wandered from his direct course, or made a digression.

He must have overshot the mark, and must hark back . Haggard . He harked back to the subject. W. E. Norris.

Harken <Xpage=671>

Hark"en (?) , v. t. & i. To hearken.

Tennyson.

Harl <Xpage=671>

Harl (?) , n. [Cf. OHG. harluf noose, rope; E. hards refuse of flax.] 1. A filamentous substance; especially, the filaments of flax or hemp.

2. A barb, or barbs, of a fine large feather, as of a peacock or ostrich, -- used in dressing artificial flies. [Written also herl .]

Harle <Xpage=671>

Harle (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) The red-breasted merganser.

Harlech group <Xpage=671>

Har"lech group` (?) . [ So called from Harlech in Wales.] (Geol.) A minor subdivision at the base of the Cambrian system in Wales.

Harlequin <Xpage=671>

Har"le*quin (?) , n. [F. arlequin ,formerly written also harlequin (cf. It, arlecchino ), prob. fr. OF. hierlekin , hellequin , goblin, elf, which is prob. of German or Dutch origin; cf. D. hel hell. Cf. Hell , Kin .] A buffoon, dressed in party-colored clothes, who plays tricks, often without speaking, to divert the bystanders or an audience; a merry-andrew; originally, a droll rogue of Italian comedy.

Percy Smith.

As dumb harlequin is exhibited in our theaters. Johnson.

Harlequin bat (Zo\'94l.) , an Indian bat ( Scotophilus ornatus ), curiously variegated with white spots. -- Harlequin beetle (Zo\'94l.) , a very large South American beetle ( Acrocinus longimanus ) having very long legs and antenn\'91. The elytra are curiously marked with red, black, and gray. -- Harlequin cabbage bug . (Zo\'94l.) See Calicoback . -- Harlequin caterpillar . (Zo\'94l.) , the larva of an American bombycid moth (Euch\'91tes egle) which is covered with black, white, yellow, and orange tufts of hair. -- Harlequin duck (Zo\'94l.) , a North American duck ( Histrionicus histrionicus ). The male is dark ash, curiously streaked with white. -- Harlequin moth . (Zo\'94l.) See Magpie Moth . -- Harlequin opal . See Opal . -- Harlequin snake (Zo\'94l.) , a small, poisonous snake ( Elaps fulvius ), ringed with red and black, found in the Southern United States.

Harlequin <Xpage=671>

Har"le*quin (?) , n. i. To play the droll; to make sport by playing ludicrous tricks.

Harlequin <Xpage=671>

Har"le*quin , v. t. Toremove or conjure away, as by a harlequin's trick.

And kitten,if the humor hit Has harlequined away the fit. M. Green.

Harlequinade <Xpage=671>

Har"le*quin*ade` (?) , n. [F. arleguinade .] A play or part of play in which the harlequin is conspicuous; the part of a harlequin.

Macaulay.

Harlock <Xpage=671>

Har"lock (?) , n. Probably a corruption either of charlock or hardock .

Drayton.

Harlot <Xpage=671>

Har"lot (?) , n. [OE. harlot , herlot , a vagabond, OF. harlot , herlot , arlot ; cf. Pr. arlot , Sp. arlote , It. arlotto ; of uncertain origin.] 1. A churl; a common man; a person, male or female, of low birth.

[Obs.]

He was a gentle harlot and a kind. Chaucer.