Chapter 709

Ha*plo"mi (?) , n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ simple + <?/ shoulder.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of freshwater fishes, including the true pikes, cyprinodonts, and blindfishes.

Hallostemonous <Xpage=669>

Hal`lo*stem"o*nous (?) , a. [Gr. <?/ simple + <?/ a thread.] (Bot.) Having but one series of stamens, and that equal in number to the proper number of petals; isostemonous.

Haply <Xpage=669>

Hap"ly (?) , adv. By hap, chance, luck, or accident; perhaps; it may be.

Lest haply ye be found even to fight against God. Acts v. 39.

Happed <Xpage=669>

Happed (?) , p. a. [From 1st Hap .] Wrapped; covered; cloaked. [Scot.]

All happed with flowers in the green wood were. Hogg.

Happen <Xpage=669>

Hap"pen (?) , v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Happened (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Happening .] [OE. happenen , hapnen . See Hap to happen.] 1. To come by chance; to come without previous expectation; to fall out.

There shall no evil happen to the just. Prov. xii. 21.

2. To take place; to occur.

All these things which had happened . Luke xxiv. 14.

To happen on , to meet with; to fall or light upon. "I have happened on some other accounts." Graunt . -- To happen in , to make a casual call. [Colloq.]

Happily <Xpage=669>

Hap"pi*ly (?) , adv. [From Happy .] 1. By chance; peradventure; haply. [Obs.]

Piers Plowman.

2. By good fortune; fortunately; luckily.

Preferred by conquest, happily o'erthrown. Waller.

3. In a happy manner or state; in happy circumstances; as, he lived happily with his wife .

4. With address or dexterity; gracefully; felicitously; in a manner to success; with success.

Formed by thy converse, happily to steer From grave to gay, from lively to severe. Pope.

Syn. -- Fortunately; luckily; successfully; prosperously; contentedly; dexterously; felicitously.

Happiness <Xpage=669>

Hap"pi*ness , n. [From Happy .] 1. Good luck; good fortune; prosperity.

All happiness bechance to thee in Milan! Shak.

2. An agreeable feeling or condition of the soul arising from good fortune or propitious happening of any kind; the possession of those circumstances or that state of being which is attended enjoyment; the state of being happy; contentment; joyful satisfaction; felicity; blessedness.

3. Fortuitous elegance; unstudied grace; -- used especially of language.

Some beauties yet no precepts can declare, For there's a happiness , as well as care. Pope.

Syn. -- Happiness , Felicity , Blessedness , Bliss . Happiness is generic, and is applied to almost every kind of enjoyment except that of the animal appetites; felicity is a more formal word, and is used more sparingly in the same general sense, but with elevated associations; blessedness is applied to the most refined enjoyment arising from the purest social, benevolent, and religious affections; bliss denotes still more exalted delight, and is applied more appropriately to the joy anticipated in heaven.

O happiness ! our being's end and aim! Pope.

Others in virtue place felicity , But virtue joined with riches and long life; In corporal pleasures he, and careless ease. Milton.

His overthrow heaped happiness upon him; For then, and not till then, he felt himself, And found the blessedness of being little. Shak.

Happy <Xpage=669>

Hap"py (?) , a. [ Compar. Happier (?) ; superl. Happiest .] [From Hap chance.] 1. Favored by hap, luck, or fortune; lucky; fortunate; successful; prosperous; satisfying desire; as, a happy expedient; a happy effort; a happy venture; a happy omen.

Chymists have been more happy in finding experiments than the causes of them. Boyle.

2. Experiencing the effect of favorable fortune; having the feeling arising from the consciousness of well-being or of enjoyment; enjoying good of any kind, as peace, tranquillity, comfort; contented; joyous; as, happy hours, happy thoughts .

Happy is that people, whose God is the Lord. Ps. cxliv. 15.

The learned is happy Nature to explore, The fool is happy that he knows no more. Pope.

3. Dexterous; ready; apt; felicitous.

One gentleman is happy at a reply, another excels in a in a rejoinder. Swift.

Happy family , a collection of animals of different and hostile propensities living peaceably together in one cage. Used ironically of conventional alliances of persons who are in fact mutually repugnant. -- Happy-go-lucky , trusting to hap or luck; improvident; easy-going. " Happy-go-lucky carelessness."

W. Black.

Hapuku <Xpage=669>

Ha*pu"ku (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) A large and valuable food fish ( Polyprion prognathus ) of New Zealand. It sometimes weighs one hundred pounds or more.

Haquebut <Xpage=669>

Haque"but (?) , n. See Hagbut .

Hara-kiri <Xpage=669>

Ha"ra-ki`ri (?) , n. [Jap., stomach cutting.] Suicide, by slashing the abdomen, formerly practiced in Japan, and commanded by the government in the cases of disgraced officials; disembowelment; -- also written, but incorrectly, hari-kari .

W. E. Griffis.

Harangue <Xpage=669>

Ha*rangue" (?) , n. [F. harangue : cf. Sp. arenda , It. aringa ; lit., a speech before a multitude or on the hustings, It. aringo arena, hustings, pulpit; all fr. OHG. hring ring, anything round, ring of people, G. ring . See Ring .] A speech addressed to a large public assembly; a popular oration; a loud address a multitude; in a bad sense, a noisy or pompous speech; declamation; ranting.

Gray-headed men and grave, with warriors mixed, Assemble, and harangues are heard. Milton.

Syn. -- Harangue , Speech , Oration . Speech is generic; an oration is an elaborate and rhetorical speech; an harangue is a vehement appeal to the passions, or a noisy, disputatious address. A general makes an harangue to his troops on the eve of a battle; a demagogue harangues the populace on the subject of their wrongs.

Harangue <Xpage=669>

Ha*rangue" , v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Harangued (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Haranguing .] [Cf. F. haranguer , It. aringare .] To make an harangue; to declaim.

Harangue <Xpage=669>

Ha*rangue" , v. t. To address by an harangue.

Harangueful <Xpage=669>

Ha*rangue"ful (?) , a. Full of harangue.

Haranguer <Xpage=669>

Ha*rang"uer (?) , n. One who harangues, or is fond of haranguing; a declaimer.

With them join'd all th' harangues of the throng, That thought to get preferment by the tongue. Dryden.

Harass <Xpage=669>

Har"ass (h&acr;r" a s) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Harassed (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Harassing .] [F. harasser ; cf. OF. harace a basket made of cords, harace , harasse ,a very heavy and large shield; or harer to set (a dog) on.] To fatigue; to tire with repeated and exhausting efforts; esp., to weary by importunity, teasing, or fretting; to cause to endure excessive burdens or anxieties; -- sometimes followed by out .

[Troops] harassed with a long and wearisome march. Bacon.

Nature oppressed and harass'd out with care. Addison.

Vext with lawyers and harass'd with debt. Tennyson.

Syn. -- To weary; jade; tire; perplex; distress; tease; worry; disquiet; chafe; gall; annoy; irritate; plague; vex; molest; trouble; disturb; torment.

Harass <Xpage=669>

Har"ass , n. 1. Devastation; waste. [Obs.]

Milton.

2. Worry; harassment. [R.]

Byron.

Harasser <Xpage=669>

Har"ass*er (?) , n. One who harasses.

Harassment <Xpage=669>

Har"ass*ment (?) , n. The act of harassing, or state of being harassed; worry; annoyance; anxiety.

Little harassments which I am led to suspect do occasionally molest the most fortunate. Ld. Lytton.

Harberous <Xpage=669>

Har"ber*ous (?) , a. Harborous. [Obs.]

A bishop must be faultless, the husband of one wife, honestly appareled, harberous . Tyndale (1 Tim. iii. 2)

Harbinger <Xpage=669>

Har"bin*ger (?) , n. [OE. herbergeour , OF. herbergeor one who provides lodging, fr. herbergier to provide lodging, F. h\'82berger , OF. herberge lodging, inn, F. auberge ; of German origin. See Harbor .] 1. One who provides lodgings; especially, the officer of the English royal household who formerly preceded the court when traveling, to provide and prepare lodgings.

Fuller.

2. A forerunner; a precursor; a messenger.

I knew by these harbingers who were coming. Landor.

Harbinger <Xpage=669>

Har"bin*ger , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Harbingered (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Harbingering .] To usher in; to be a harbinger of. "Thus did the star of religious freedom harbinger the day."

Bancroft.

Harbor <Xpage=669>

Har"bor (?) , n. [Written also harbour .] [OE herbor , herberwe , herberge , Icel. herbergi (cf. OHG. heriberga ), orig., a shelter for soldiers; herr army + bjarga to save, help, defend; akin to AS. here army, G. heer , OHG. heri , Goth. harjis , and AS. beorgan to save, shelter, defend, G. bergen . See Harry , 2d Bury , and cf. Harbinger .] 1. A station for rest and entertainment; a place of security and comfort; a refuge; a shelter.

[A grove] fair harbour that them seems. Spenser.

For harbor at a thousand doors they knocked. Dryden.

2. Specif.: A lodging place; an inn. [Obs.]

Chaucer.

3. (Astrol.) The mansion of a heavenly body. [Obs.]

4. A portion of a sea, a lake, or other large body of water, either landlocked or artificially protected so as to be a place of safety for vessels in stormy weather; a port or haven.

<page="670"> Page 670

5. (Glass Works) A mixing box materials.

Harbor dues (Naut.) , fees paid for the use of a harbor. -- Harbor seal (Zo\'94l.) , the common seal. -- Harbor watch , a watch set when a vessel is in port; an anchor watch.

Harbor <Xpage=670>

Har"bor (?) , v. t. [Written also harbour .] [ imp. & p. p. Harbored (#) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Harboring .] [OE. herberen , herberwen , herbergen ; cf. Icel. herbergja . See Harbor , n. ] To afford lodging to; to enter as guest; to receive; to give a refuge to; indulge or cherish (a thought or feeling, esp. an ill thought).

Any place that harbors men. Shak.

The bare suspicion made it treason to harbor the person suspected. Bp. Burnet.

Let not your gentle breast harbor one thought of outrage. Rowe.

Harbor <Xpage=670>

Har"bor , v. i. To lodge, or abide for a time; to take shelter, as in a harbor.

For this night let's harbor here in York. Shak.

Harborage <Xpage=670>

Har"bor*age (?) , n. Shelter; entertainment. [R.]

Where can I get me harborage for the night? Tennyson.

Harborer <Xpage=670>

Har"bor*er (?) , n. One who, or that which, harbors.

Geneva was . . . a harborer of exiles for religion. Strype.

Harborless <Xpage=670>

Har"bor*less , a. Without a harbor; shelterless.

Harbor master <Xpage=670>

Har"bor mas`ter (?) . An officer charged with the duty of executing the regulations respecting the use of a harbor.

Harborough, Harbrough <Xpage=670>

Har"bor*ough (?) , Har"brough (?) , [See Harbor .] A shelter. [Obs] .

Spenser.

Harborous <Xpage=670>

Har"bor*ous (?) , a. Hospitable. [Obs.]

Hard <Xpage=670>

Hard (?) , a. [ Compar. Harder (?) ; superl. Hardest .] [ OE . heard , AS. heard ; akin to OS. & D. heard , G. hart , OHG. harti , Icel. har<?/r , Dan. haard , Sw . h \'86 rd , Goth. hardus , Gr.<?/ strong, <?/ , <?/ , strength, and also to E. -ard , as in coward , drunkard , -crat , -cracy in auto crat , demo cracy ; cf. Skr. kratu strength, <?/ to do, make. Gf. Hardy .] 1. Not easily penetrated, cut, or separated into parts; not yielding to pressure; firm; solid; compact; -- applied to material bodies, and opposed to soft ; as, hard wood; hard flesh; a hard apple.

2. Difficult, mentally or judicially; not easily apprehended, decided, or resolved; as a hard problem .

The hard causes they brought unto Moses. Ex. xviii. 26.

In which are some things hard to be understood. 2 Peter iii. 16.

3. Difficult to accomplish; full of obstacles; laborious; fatiguing; arduous; as, a hard task; a disease hard to cure.

4. Difficult to resist or control; powerful.

The stag was too hard for the horse. L'Estrange.

A power which will be always too hard for them. Addison.

5. Difficult to bear or endure; not easy to put up with or consent to; hence, severe; rigorous; oppressive; distressing; unjust; grasping; as, a hard lot; hard times; hard fare; a hard winter; hard conditions or terms.

I never could drive a hard bargain. Burke.

6. Difficult to please or influence; stern; unyielding; obdurate; unsympathetic; unfeeling; cruel; as, a hard master; a hard heart; hard words; a hard character.

7. Not easy or agreeable to the taste; stiff; rigid; ungraceful; repelling; as, a hard style .

Figures harder than even the marble itself. Dryden.

8. Rough; acid; sour, as liquors; as, hard cider .

9. (Pron.) Abrupt or explosive in utterance; not aspirated, sibilated, or pronounced with a gradual change of the organs from one position to another;- said of certain consonants, as c in came , and g in go , as distinguished from the same letters in center , general , etc.

10. Wanting softness or smoothness of utterance; harsh; as, a hard tone .

11. (Painting) (a) Rigid in the drawing or distribution of the figures; formal; lacking grace of composition. (b) Having disagreeable and abrupt contrasts in the coloring or light and shade.

Hard cancer , Hard case , etc. See under Cancer , Case , etc. -- Hard clam , &or; Hard-shelled clam (Zo\'94l.) , the guahog. -- Hard coal , anthracite, as distinguished from bituminous or soft coal. -- Hard and fast . (Naut.) See under Fast . -- Hard finish (Arch.) , a smooth finishing coat of hard fine plaster applied to the surface of rough plastering. -- Hard lines , hardship; difficult conditions. -- Hard money , coin or specie, as distinguished from paper money.

-- Hard oyster (Zo\'94l.) , the northern native oyster. [Local, U. S.] -- Hard pan , the hard stratum of earth lying beneath the soil; hence, figuratively, the firm, substantial, fundamental part or quality of anything; as, the hard pan of character, of a matter in dispute, etc. See Pan . -- Hard rubber . See under Rubber . -- Hard solder . See under Solder . -- Hard water , water, which contains lime or some mineral substance rendering it unfit for washing. See Hardness , 3. - Hard wood , wood of a solid or hard texture; as walnut, oak, ash, box, and the like, in distinction from pine, poplar, hemlock, etc. - In hard condition , in excellent condition for racing; having firm muscles;-said of race horses.

Syn. -- Solid; arduous; powerful; trying; unyielding; stubborn; stern; flinty; unfeeling; harsh; difficult; severe; obdurate; rigid. See Solid , and Arduous .

Hard <Xpage=670>

Hard , adv. [OE. harde , AS. hearde .] 1. With pressure; with urgency; hence, diligently; earnestly.

And prayed so hard for mercy from the prince. Dryden.

My father Is hard at study; pray now, rest yourself. Shak.

2. With difficulty; as, the vehicle moves hard .

3. Uneasily; vexatiously; slowly.

Shak.

4. So as to raise difficulties. " The guestion is hard set".

Sir T. Browne.

5. With tension or strain of the powers; violently; with force; tempestuously; vehemently; vigorously; energetically; as, to press, to blow, to rain hard ; hence, rapidly; as, to run hard .

6. Close or near.

Whose house joined hard to the synagogue. Acts xviii.7.

Hard by , near by ; close at hand; not far off. " Hard by a cottage chimney smokes." Milton . -- Hard pushed , Hard run , greatly pressed; as, he was hard pushed or hard run for time, money, etc . [Colloq.] -- Hard up , closely pressed by want or necessity; without money or resources; as, hard up for amusements . [Slang]

&hand; Hard in nautical language is often joined to words of command to the helmsman, denoting that the order should be carried out with the utmost energy, or that the helm should be put, in the direction indicated, to the extreme limit, as, Hard aport ! Hard astarboard ! Hard alee ! Hard aweather up ! Hard is also often used in composition with a participle; as, hard -baked; hard -earned; hard -working; hard -won.

Hard <Xpage=670>

Hard (?) , v. t. To harden; to make hard. [Obs.]

Chaucer.

Hard <Xpage=670>

Hard , n. A ford or passage across a river or swamp.

Hardbake <Xpage=670>

Hard"bake` (?) , n. A sweetmeat of boiled brown sugar or molasses made with almonds, and flavored with orange or lemon juice, etc.

Thackeray.

Hardbeam <Xpage=670>

Hard"beam` (?) , n. (Bot.) A tree of the genus Carpinus , of compact, horny texture; hornbeam.

Harden <Xpage=670>

Hard"en (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Hardened (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Hardening (?) .] [OE. hardnen , hardenen .] 1. To make hard or harder; to make firm or compact; to indurate; as, to harden clay or iron .