Chapter 700

Gy"rate (?) , v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Gyrated (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Gyrating .] [L. gyratus , p. p. of gyrare to gyrate . See Gyre , n. ] To revolve round a central point; to move spirally about an axis, as a tornado; to revolve.

Gyration <Xpage=661>

Gy*ra"tion (?) , n. 1. The act of turning or whirling, as around a fixed center; a circular or spiral motion; motion about an axis; rotation; revolution.

The gyrations of an ascending balloon. De Quincey.

If a burning coal be nimbly moved round in a circle, with gyrations continually repeated, the whole circle will appear like fire. Sir I. Newton.

2. (Zo\'94l.) One of the whorls of a spiral univalve shell.

Center of gyration . (Mech.) See under Center . -- Radius of gyration the distance between the axis of a rotating body and its center of gyration. Rankine .

Gyratory <Xpage=661>

Gy"ra*to*ry (?) , a. Moving in a circle, or spirally; revolving; whirling around.

Gyre <Xpage=661>

Gyre (?) , n. [L. gyrus , Gr. <?/, cf. <?/ round.] A circular motion, or a circle described by a moving body; a turn or revolution; a circuit.

Quick and more quick he spins in giddy gyres . Dryden.

Still expanding and ascending gyres . Mrs. Browning.

Gyre <Xpage=661>

Gyre , v. t. & i. [Cf. OF. gyrer , girer . See Gyrate .] To turn round; to gyrate. [Obs.]

Bp. Hall. Drayton.

Gyreful <Xpage=661>

Gyre"ful (?) , a. Abounding in gyres. [Obs.]

Gyrencephala <Xpage=661>

Gyr"en*ceph`a*la (?) , n. pl. [NL. fr. Gr. <?/ round+ <?/ the brain.] (Zo\'94l.) The higher orders of Mammalia, in which the cerebrum is convoluted. -- Gyr"en*ceph"a*lous (#) , a.

Gyrfalcon <Xpage=661>

Gyr"fal`con (?) , n. [OE. gerfaucon , OF. gerfaucon , LL. gyrofalco , perh. fr. L. gyrus circle + falco falcon , and named from its circling flight; or cf. E. gier-eagle. See Gyre , n. , Falcon .] (Zo\'94l.) One of several species and varieties of large Arctic falcons, esp. Falco rusticolus and the white species F. Islandicus , both of which are circumpolar. The black and the gray are varieties of the former. See Illust. of Accipiter . [Written also gerfalcon , gierfalcon , and jerfalcon .]

Gyri <Xpage=661>

Gy"ri (?) , n. pl. See Gyrus .

Gyrland <Xpage=661>

Gyr"land (?) , v. t. [See Garland .] To garland. [Obs.]

Gyrodus <Xpage=661>

Gyr"o*dus (?) , n. [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ round + <?/ tooth.] (Paleon.) A genus of extinct o\'94litic fishes, having rounded teeth in several rows adapted for crushing.

Gyrogonite <Xpage=661>

Gy*rog"o*nite (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ circle, ring + <?/ fruit.] (Paleon.) The petrified fruit of the Chara hispida, a species of stonewort. See Stonewort .

Lyell.

Gyroidal <Xpage=661>

Gy*roid"al (?) , a. [Gr. <?/ circle + -oid + -al .] 1. Spiral in arrangement or action.

2. (Crystallog.) Having the planes arranged spirally, so that they incline all to the right (or left) of a vertical line; -- said of certain hemihedral forms.

3. (Opt.) Turning the plane of polarization circularly or spirally to the right or left.

Gyrolepis <Xpage=661>

Gy*rol"e*pis (?) , n. [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ round + <?/ scale.] (Paleon.) A genus of ganoid fishes, found in strata of the new red sandetone, and the lias bone beds.

Agassiz.

Gyroma <Xpage=661>

Gy*ro"ma (?) , n. [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ to round, bend, fr. <?/ round.] A turning round. [R.]

Gyromancy <Xpage=661>

Gyr"o*man"cy (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ ring, circle + -mancy : cf. F. gyromancie .] A kind of divination performed by drawing a ring or circle, and walking in or around it.

Brande & C.

Gyron <Xpage=661>

Gy"ron (?) , n. [F. giron ; of German origin. See Gore a piece of cloth,] (Her.) A subordinary of triangular form having one of its angles at the fess point and the opposite aide at the edge of the escutcheon. When there is only one gyron on the shield it is bounded by two linea drawn from the fess point, one horizontally to the dexter side, and one to the dexter chief corner.

Gyronny <Xpage=661>

Gy"ron*ny (?) , a. [F. gironn<?/ .] (Her.) Covered with gyrons, or divided so as to form several gyrons; -- said of an escutcheon.

Gyropigeon <Xpage=661>

Gy"ro*pi"geon (?) , n. [L. gyrare to revolve + E. pigeon .] A flying object simulating a pigeon in flight, when projected from a spring trap. It is used as a flying target in shooting matches.

Knight.

Gyroscope <Xpage=661>

Gy"ro*scope (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ ring, circle + -scope .] 1. A rotating wheel, mounted in a ring or rings, for illustrating the dynamics of rotating bodies, the composition of rotations, etc. It was devised by Professor W. R. Johnson, in 1832, by whom it was called the rotascope.

2. A form of the above apparatus, invented by M. Foucault, mounted so delicately as to render visible the rotation of the earth, through the tendency of the rotating wheel to preserve a constant plane of rotation, independently of the earth's motion.

Gyroscopic <Xpage=661>

Gy"ro*scop"ic (?) , a. Pertaining to the gyroscope; resembling the motion of the gyroscope.

Gy-rose <Xpage=661>

Gy-rose" (?) , a. [See Gyre .] (Bot.) Turned round like a crook, or bent to and fro.

Loudon.

Gyrostat <Xpage=661>

Gy"ro*stat (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ ring, circle + <?/ to cause to stand.] (Physics) A modification of the gyroscope, consisting essentially of a fly wheel fixed inside a rigid case to which is attached a thin flange of metal for supporting the instrument. It is used in studying the dynamics of rotating bodies.

Gyrostatic <Xpage=661>

Gy"ro*stat"ic (?) , a. (Physics) Of or pertaining to the gyrostat or to gyrostatics.

Gyrostatics <Xpage=661>

Gy"ro*stat"ics (?) , n. (Physics) The doctrine or theory of the gyrostat, or of the phenomena of rotating bodies.

Gyrus <Xpage=661>

Gy"rus (?) , n. ; pl. Gyri (#) . [L. See Gyre , n. ] A convoluted ridge between grooves; a convolution; as, the gyri of the brain; the gyri of brain coral . See Brain .

Gyse <Xpage=661>

Gyse (?) , n. Guise. [Obs.]

Chaucer.

Gyte <Xpage=661>

Gyte (?) , a. Delirious; senselessly extravagant; as, the man is clean gyte . [Scot.]

Sir W. Scott.

Gyve <Xpage=661>

Gyve (?) , n. [Of Celtic origin; cf. W. gefyn, Ir. geibbionn, Gael. geimheal.] A shackle; especially, one to confine the legs; a fetter. [Written also give .]

Like a poor prisoner in his twisted gyves . Shak.

With gyves upon his wrist. Hood.

Gyve <Xpage=661>

Gyve , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Gyved (<?/); p. pr. & vb. n. Gyving .] To fetter; to shackle; to chain.

Spenser.

I will gyve thee in thine own courtship. Shak.

H.

H <Xpage=661>

H (?) , the eighth letter of the English alphabet, is classed among the consonants, and is formed with the mouth organs in the same position as that of the succeeding vowel. It is used with certain consonants to form digraphs representing sounds which are not found in the alphabet, as sh , th , th , as in shall, thing, thine (for zh see &sect;274); also, to modify the sounds of some other letters, as when placed after c and p, with the former of which it represents a compound sound like that of tsh, as in charm (written also tch as in catch), with the latter, the sound of f, as in phase , phantom . In some words, mostly derived or introduced from foreign languages, h following c and g indicates that those consonants have the hard sound before e , i , and y , as in chemistry , chiromancy , chyle , Ghent , Ghibelline , etc.; in some others, ch has the sound of sh , as in chicane. See Guide to Pronunciation , &sect;&sect; 153, 179, 181-3, 237-8.

The name (aitch) is from the French ache ; its form is from the Latin, and this from the Greek H, which was used as the sign of the spiritus asper (rough breathing) before it came to represent the long vowel, Gr. &eta;. The Greek H is from Ph\'d2nician, the ultimate origin probably being Egyptian. Etymologically H is most closely related to c ; as in E. h orn, L. c ornu, Gr. ke`ras ; E. h ele, v. t. , con c eal; E. h ide, L. c utis, Gr. ky`tos ; E. h undred, L. c entum, Gr. 'e-kat-on , Skr. &csdot; ata.

H piece (Mining) , the part of a plunger pump which contains the valve.

H <Xpage=661>

H (h&add;) . (Mus.) The seventh degree in the diatonic scale, being used by the Germans for B natural. See B .

Ha <Xpage=661>

Ha (h&add;) , interj. [AS.] An exclamation denoting surprise, joy, or grief. Both as uttered and as written, it expresses a great variety of emotions, determined by the tone or the context. When repeated, ha, ha, it is an expression of laughter, satisfaction, or triumph, sometimes of derisive laughter; or sometimes it is equivalent to "Well, it is so."

Ha -has, and inarticulate hootings of satirical rebuke. Carlyle.

Haaf <Xpage=661>

Haaf (?) , n. [Of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. & Sw. haf the sea, Dan. hav, perh. akin to E. haven.] The deepsea fishing for cod, ling, and tusk, off the Shetland Isles.

Haak <Xpage=661>

Haak (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) A sea fish. See Hake .

Ash.

Haar <Xpage=661>

Haar (?) , n. [See Hoar .] A fog; esp., a fog or mist with a chill wind. [Scot.]

T. Chalmers.

Habeas corpus <Xpage=661>

Ha"be*as corpus (?) . [L. you may have the body.] (Law) A writ having for its object to bring a party before a court or judge; especially, one to inquire into the cause of a person's imprisonment or detention by another, with the view to protect the right to personal liberty; also, one to bring a prisoner into court to testify in a pending trial.

Bouvier.

Habendum <Xpage=661>

Ha*ben"dum (?) , n. [L., that must be had .] (Law) That part of a deed which follows the part called the premises , and determines the extent of the interest or estate granted; -- so called because it begins with the word Habendum.

Kent.

Haberdash <Xpage=661>

Hab"er*dash (?) , v. i. [See Haberdasher .] To deal in small wares. [R.]

To haberdash in earth's base ware. Quarles.

Haberdasher <Xpage=661>

Hab"er*dash"er (?) , n. [Prob. fr. Icel. hapurtask trumpery, trifles, perh. through French. It is possibly akin to E. haversack , and to Icel. taska trunk, chest, pocket, G. tasche pocket, and the orig. sense was perh., peddler's wares.] 1. A dealer in small wares, as tapes, pins, needles, and thread; also, a hatter. [Obs.]

The haberdasher heapeth wealth by hats. Gascoigne.

2. A dealer in drapery goods of various descriptions, as laces, silks, trimmings, etc.

Haberdashery <Xpage=661>

Hab"er*dash"er*y (?) , n. The goods and wares sold by a haberdasher; also (Fig.), trifles.

Burke.

Haberdine <Xpage=661>

Hab"er*dine" (?) , n. [D. abberdaan , labberdaan ; or a French form, cf. OF. habordeau , from the name of a Basque district, cf. F. Labourd , adj. Labourdin. The l was misunderstood as the French article.] A cod salted and dried.

Ainsworth.

Habergeon <Xpage=661>

Ha*ber"ge*on (?) , n. [F. haubergeon a small hauberk, dim. of OF. hauberc, F. haubert. See Hauberk.] Properly, a short hauberk, but often used loosely for the hauberk.

Chaucer.

Habilatory <Xpage=661>

Hab"i*la*to*ry (?) , a. Of or pertaining to clothing; wearing clothes.

Ld. Lytton.

Habile <Xpage=661>

Hab"ile (?) , a. [F. habile , L. habilis . See Able , Habit .] Fit; qualified; also, apt. [Obs.]

Spenser.

Habiliment <Xpage=661>

Ha*bil"i*ment (?) , n. [F. habillement, fr. habiller to dress, clothe, orig., to make fit, make ready, fr. habile apt, skillful, L. habilis. See Habile.] 1. A garment; an article of clothing.

Camden.

2. pl. Dress, in general.

Shak.

Habilimented <Xpage=661>

Ha*bil"i*ment*ed , a. Clothed. Taylor (1630).

Habilitate <Xpage=661>

Ha*bil"i*tate (?) , a. [LL. habilitatus , p. p. of habilitare to enable.] Qualified or entitled. [Obs.]

Bacon.

Habilitate <Xpage=661>

Ha*bil"i*tate (?) , v. t. To fit out; to equip; to qualify; to entitle.

Johnson.

Habilitation <Xpage=661>

Ha*bil"i*ta"tion (?) , n. [LL. habilitatio: cf. F. habilitation .] Equipment; qualification. [Obs.]

Bacon.

Hability <Xpage=661>

Ha*bil"i*ty (?) , n. [See Ability .] Ability; aptitude. [Obs.]

Robynson. (More's Utopia).

Habit <Xpage=661>

Hab"it (#) n. [OE. habit , abit fr. habit fr. L. habitus state, appearance, dress, fr. habere to have, be in a condition; prob. akin to E. have. See Have , and cf. Able , Binnacle , Debt , Due , Exhibit , Malady. ] 1. The usual condition or state of a person or thing, either natural or acquired, regarded as something had, possessed, and firmly retained; as, a religious habit ; his habit is morose; elms have a spreading habit ; esp., physical temperament or constitution; as, a full habit of body .

2. (Biol.) The general appearance and manner of life of a living organism.

3. Fixed or established custom; ordinary course of conduct; practice; usage; hence, prominently, the involuntary tendency or aptitude to perform certain actions which is acquired by their frequent repetition; as, habit is second nature ; also, peculiar ways of acting; characteristic forms of behavior.

A man of very shy, retired habits . W. Irving.

4. Outward appearance; attire; dress; hence, a garment; esp., a closely fitting garment or dress worn by ladies; as, a riding habit .

Costly thy habit as thy purse can buy. Shak.

There are, among the states, several of Venus, in different habits . Addison.

Syn. -- Practice; mode; manner; way; custom; fashion. -- Habit , Custom. Habit is a disposition or tendency leading us to do easily, naturally, and with growing certainty, what we do often; custom is external, being habitual use or the frequent repetition of the same act. The two operate reciprocally on each other. The custom of giving produces a habit of liberality; habits of devotion promote the custom of going to church. Custom also supposes an act of the will, selecting given modes of procedure; habit is a law of our being, a kind of "second nature" which grows up within us.

How use doth breed a habit in a man ! Shak.

He who reigns . . . upheld by old repute, Consent, or custom. Milton.

Habit <Xpage=661>

Hab"it (?) , v. t. [<pos.imp. & p. p. Habited ; p. pr. & vb. n. Habiting .] [OE. habiten to dwell, F. habiter, fr. L. habitare to have frequently, to dwell, intens. fr. habere to have. See Habit , n. ] 1. To inhabit. [Obs.]

In thilke places as they [birds] habiten. Rom. of R.

2. To dress; to clothe; to array.

They habited themselves lite those rural deities. Dryden.

3. To accustom; to habituate. [Obs.] Chapman.

Habitability <Xpage=661>

Hab"it*a*bil"i*ty (?) , n. Habitableness.

Habitable <Xpage=661>

Hab"it*a*ble (?) , a. [F. habitable , L. habitbilis .] Capable of being inhabited; that may be inhabited or dwelt in; as, the habitable world . -- Hab"it*a*ble*ness , n. -- Hab"it*a*bly , adv.

<page="662"> Page 662

Habitakle <Xpage=662>

Hab"ita*kle (?) , n [F. habitacle dwelling place, binnacle, L. habitaculum dwelling place. See Binnacle , Habit , v. ] A dwelling place.

Chaucer. Southey.

Habitan <Xpage=662>

Ha`bi`tan" (?) , n. Same as Habitant , 2.

General met an emissary . . . sent . . . to ascertain the feelings of the habitans or French yeomanry. W. Irwing.

Habitance <Xpage=662>

Hab"it*ance (?) , n. [OF. habitance , LL. habitania .] Dwelling; abode; residence. [Obs.]

Spenser.

Habiitancy <Xpage=662>

Habi"it*an*cy (?) , n. Same as Inhabitancy .

Habitant <Xpage=662>

Hab`it*ant (?) , n. [F. habitant . See Habit , v. t ]

1. An inhabitant; a dweller.

Milton. Pope.

2. [F. pron. (<?/) ] An inhabitant or resident; -- a name applied to and denoting farmers of French descent or origin in Canada, especially in the Province of Quebec; -- usually in plural.

The habitants or cultivators of the soil. Parkman.

Habitat <Xpage=662>

Hab`i*tat (?) , n. [L., it dwells, fr. habitare . See Habit , v. t. ] 1. (Biol.) The natural abode, locality or region of an animal or plant.

2. Place where anything is commonly found.

This word has its habitat in Oxfordshire. Earle.

Habitation <Xpage=662>

Hab`i*ta"tion (?) , n. [F. habitation , L. habi (<?/) atio .] 1. The act of inhabiting; state of inhabiting or dwelling, or of being inhabited; occupancy.

Denham.

2. Place of abode; settled dwelling; residence; house.

The Lord . . . blesseth the habitation of the just. Prov. iii. 33.

Habitator <Xpage=662>

Hab"ita`tor (?) , n. [L.] A dweller; an inhabitant. [Obs.]

Sir T. Browne.

Habited <Xpage=662>

Hab`it*ed (?) , p. p. & a. 1. Clothed; arrayed; dressed; as, he was habited like a shepherd .

2. Fixed by habit; accustomed. [Obs.]

So habited he was in sobriety. Fuller.

3. Inhabited. [Archaic]

Another world, which is habited by the ghosts of men and women. Addison.

Habitual <Xpage=662>