Chapter 7

Abraid <Xpage=6>

A*braid" (#) , v. t. & i. [OE. abraiden , to awake, draw (a sword), AS. \'bebredgan to shake, draw; pref. \'be- (cf. Goth. us- , Ger. er- , orig. meaning out ) + bregdan to shake, throw. See Braid .] To awake; to arouse; to stir or start up; also, to shout out. [Obs.]

Chaucer.

Abranchial <Xpage=6>

A*bran"chi*al (#) , a. (Zo\'94l.) Abranchiate.

Abranchiata <Xpage=6>

A*bran`chi*a"ta (#) , n. pl. [NL., from Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/, pl., the gills of fishes.] (Zo\'94l.) A group of annelids, so called because the species composing it have no special organs of respiration.

Abranchiate <Xpage=6>

A*bran"chi*ate (#) , a. (Zo\'94l.) Without gills.

Abrase <Xpage=6>

Ab*rase" (#) , a. [L. abrasus , p. p. of abradere . See Abrade .] Rubbed smooth. [Obs.] "An abrase table."

B. Jonson.

Abrasion <Xpage=6>

Ab*ra"sion (#) , n. [L. abrasio , fr. abradere . See Abrade .] 1. The act of abrading, wearing, or rubbing off; the wearing away by friction; as, the abrasion of coins .

2. The substance rubbed off.

Berkeley.

3. (Med.) A superficial excoriation, with loss of substance under the form of small shreds.

Dunglison.

Abrasive <Xpage=6>

Ab*ra"sive (#) , a. Producing abrasion.

Ure.

Abraum or Abraum salts <Xpage=6>

A*braum" or A*braum" salts (#) , n. [Ger., fr. abr\'84umen to remove.] A red ocher used to darken mahogany and for making chloride of potassium.

Abraxas <Xpage=6>

A*brax"as (#) , n. [A name adopted by the Egyptian Gnostic Basilides, containing the Greek letters \'3ca\'3e, \'3cb\'3e, \'3cr\'3e, \'3ca\'3e, \'3cx\'3e, \'3ca\'3e, \'3cs\'3e, which, as numerals, amounted to 365. It was used to signify the supreme deity as ruler of the 365 heavens of his system.] A mystical word used as a charm and engraved on gems among the ancients; also, a gem stone thus engraved.

Abray <Xpage=6>

A*bray" (#) , v. [A false form from the preterit abraid , abrayde .] See Abraid . [Obs.]

Spenser.

Abreast <Xpage=6>

A*breast" (#) , adv. [Pref. a- + breast .] 1. Side by side, with breasts in a line; as, "Two men could hardly walk abreast ."

Macaulay.

2. (Naut.) Side by side; also, opposite; over against; on a line with the vessel's beam; -- with of .

3. Up to a certain level or line; equally advanced; as, to keep abreast of [or with] the present state of science .

4. At the same time; simultaneously. [Obs.]

Abreast therewith began a convocation. Fuller.

Abregge <Xpage=6>

A*breg"ge (#) , v. t. See Abridge . [Obs.]

Abrenounce <Xpage=6>

Ab`re*nounce" (#) , v. t. [L. abrenuntiare ; ab + renuntiare . See Renounce .] To renounce. [Obs.] "They abrenounce and cast them off."

Latimer.

Abrenunciation <Xpage=6>

Ab`re*nun`ci*a"tion (#) , n. [LL. abrenuntiatio . See Abrenounce .] Absolute renunciation or repudiation. [Obs.]

An abrenunciation of that truth which he so long had professed, and still believed. Fuller.

Abreption <Xpage=6>

Ab*rep"tion (#) , n. [L. abreptus , p. p. of abripere to snatch away; ab + rapere to snatch.] A snatching away. [Obs.]

Abreuvoir <Xpage=6>

A`breu`voir" (#) , n. [F., a watering place.] (Masonry) The joint or interstice between stones, to be filled with mortar.

Gwilt.

Abricock <Xpage=6>

A"bri*cock (#) , n. See Apricot . [Obs.]

Abridge <Xpage=6>

A*bridge" (#) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Abridged (#) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Abridging .] [OE. abregen , OF. abregier , F. abr\'82ger , fr. L. abbreviare ; ad + brevis short. See Brief and cf. Abbreviate .] 1. To make shorter; to shorten in duration; to lessen; to diminish; to curtail; as, to abridge labor; to abridge power or rights. "The bridegroom . . . abridged his visit."

Smollett.

She retired herself to Sebaste, and abridged her train from state to necessity. Fuller.

2. To shorten or contract by using fewer words, yet retaining the sense; to epitomize; to condense; as, to abridge a history or dictionary .

3. To deprive; to cut off; -- followed by of , and formerly by from ; as, to abridge one of his rights .

Abridger <Xpage=6>

A*bridg"er (#) , n. One who abridges.

Abridgment <Xpage=6>

A*bridg"ment (#) , n. [OE. abregement . See Abridge .] 1. The act abridging, or the state of being abridged; diminution; lessening; reduction or deprivation; as, an abridgment of pleasures or of expenses .

2. An epitome or compend, as of a book; a shortened or abridged form; an abbreviation.

Ancient coins as abridgments of history. Addison.

3. That which abridges or cuts short; hence, an entertainment that makes the time pass quickly. [Obs.]

What abridgment have you for this evening? What mask? What music? Shak.

Syn. -- Abridgment , Compendium , Epitome , Abstract , Synopsis . An abridgment is made by omitting the less important parts of some larger work; as, an abridgment of a dictionary. A compendium is a brief exhibition of a subject, or science, for common use; as, a compendium of American literature. An epitome corresponds to a compendium , and gives briefly the most material points of a subject; as, an epitome of history. An abstract is a brief statement of a thing in its main points. A synopsis is a bird's-eye view of a subject, or work, in its several parts.

Abroach <Xpage=6>

A*broach" (#) , v. t. [OE. abrochen , OF. abrochier . See Broach .] To set abroach; to let out, as liquor; to broach; to tap. [Obs.]

Chaucer.

Abroach <Xpage=6>

A*broach" , adv. [Pref. a- + broach .] 1. Broached; in a condition for letting out or yielding liquor, as a cask which is tapped.

Hogsheads of ale were set abroach . Sir W. Scott.

2. Hence: In a state to be diffused or propagated; afoot; astir. "Mischiefs that I set abroach ."

Shak.

Abroad <Xpage=6>

A*broad" (#) , adv. [Pref. a- + broad .] 1. At large; widely; broadly; over a wide space; as, a tree spreads its branches abroad .

The fox roams far abroad . Prior.

2. Without a certain confine; outside the house; away from one's abode; as, to walk abroad .

I went to St. James', where another was preaching in the court abroad . Evelyn.

3. Beyond the bounds of a country; in foreign countries; as, we have broils at home and enemies abroad . "Another prince . . . was living abroad ."

Macaulay.

4. Before the public at large; throughout society or the world; here and there; widely.

He went out, and began to publish it much, and to blaze abroad the matter. Mark i. 45.

To be abroad . (a) To be wide of the mark; to be at fault; as, you are all abroad in your guess. (b) To be at a loss or nonplused.

Abrogable <Xpage=6>

Ab"ro*ga*ble (#) , a. Capable of being abrogated.

Abrogate <Xpage=6>

Ab"ro*gate (#) , a. [L. abrogatus , p . p .] Abrogated; abolished. [Obs.]

Latimer.

Abrogate <Xpage=6>

Ab"ro*gate (#) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Abrogated ; p. pr. & vb. n. Abrogating .] [L. abrogatus , p. p. of abrogare ; ab + rogare to ask, require, propose. See Rogation .] 1. To annul by an authoritative act; to abolish by the authority of the maker or his successor; to repeal; -- applied to the repeal of laws, decrees, ordinances, the abolition of customs, etc.

Let us see whether the New Testament abrogates what we so frequently see in the Old. South.

Whose laws, like those of the Medes and Persian, they can not alter or abrogate . Burke.

2. To put an end to; to do away with.

Shak.

Syn. -- To abolish; annul; do away; set aside; revoke; repeal; cancel; annihilate. See Abolish .

Abrogation <Xpage=6>

Ab`ro*ga"tion (#) , n. [L. abrogatio , fr. abrogare : cf. F. abrogation .] The act of abrogating; repeal by authority.

Hume.

Abrogative <Xpage=6>

Ab"ro*ga*tive (#) , a. Tending or designed to abrogate; as, an abrogative law .

Abrogator <Xpage=6>

Ab"ro*ga`tor (#) , n. One who repeals by authority.

Abrood <Xpage=6>

A*brood" (#) , adv. [Pref. a- + brood .] In the act of brooding. [Obs.]

Abp. Sancroft.

Abrook <Xpage=6>

A*brook" (#) , v. t. [Pref. a- + brook , v.] To brook; to endure. [Obs.]

Shak.

Abrupt <Xpage=6>

Ab*rupt" (#) , a. [L. abruptus , p. p. of abrumpere to break off; ab + rumpere to break. See Rupture .] 1. Broken off; very steep, or craggy, as rocks, precipices, banks; precipitous; steep; as, abrupt places . "Tumbling through ricks abrupt ,"

Thomson.

2. Without notice to prepare the mind for the event; sudden; hasty; unceremonious. "The cause of your abrupt departure."

Shak.

3. Having sudden transitions from one subject to another; unconnected.

The abrupt style, which hath many breaches. B. Jonson.

<page="7"> Page 7

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4. (Bot.) Suddenly terminating, as if cut off.

Gray.

Syn. -- Sudden; unexpected; hasty; rough; curt; unceremonious; rugged; blunt; disconnected; broken.

Abrupt <Xpage=7>

Ab*rupt" (#) , n. [L. abruptum .] An abrupt place. [Poetic] "Over the vast abrupt ." Milton.

Abrupt <Xpage=7>

Ab*rupt" , v. t. To tear off or asunder. [Obs.] "Till death abrupts them."

Sir T. Browne.

Abruption <Xpage=7>

Ab*rup"tion (#) , n. [L. abruptio , fr. abrumpere : cf. F. abruption .] A sudden breaking off; a violent separation of bodies.

Woodward.

Abruptly <Xpage=7>

Ab*rupt"ly , adv. 1. In an abrupt manner; without giving notice, or without the usual forms; suddenly.

2. Precipitously.

Abruptly pinnate (Bot.) , pinnate without an odd leaflet, or other appendage, at the end.

Gray.

Abruptness <Xpage=7>

Ab*rupt"ness , n. 1. The state of being abrupt or broken; craggedness; ruggedness; steepness.

2. Suddenness; unceremonious haste or vehemence; as, abruptness of style or manner .

Abscess <Xpage=7>

Ab"scess (#) , n. ; pl. Abscesses (#) . [L. abscessus a going away, gathering of humors, abscess, fr. abscessus , p. p. of absedere to go away; ab , abs + cedere to go off, retire. See Cede .] (Med.) A collection of pus or purulent matter in any tissue or organ of the body, the result of a morbid process.

Cold abscess , an abscess of slow formation, unattended with the pain and heat characteristic of ordinary abscesses, and lasting for years without exhibiting any tendency towards healing; a chronic abscess.

Abscession <Xpage=7>

Ab*sces"sion (#) , n. [L. abscessio a separation; fr. absedere . See Abscess .] A separating; removal; also, an abscess. [Obs.]

Gauden. Barrough.

Abscind <Xpage=7>

Ab*scind" (#) , v. t. [L. absindere ; ab + scindere to rend, cut. See Schism .] To cut off. [R.] "Two syllables . . . abscinded from the rest."

Johnson.

Abscision <Xpage=7>

Ab*sci"sion (#) , n. [L. abscisio .] See Abscission .

Absciss <Xpage=7>

Ab"sciss (#) , n. ; pl. Abscisses (#) . See Abscissa .

Abscissa <Xpage=7>

Ab*scis"sa (#) , n. ; E. pl. Abscissas , L. pl. Absciss\'91 . [L., fem. of abscissus , p. p. of absindere to cut of. See Abscind .] (Geom.) One of the elements of reference by which a point, as of a curve, is referred to a system of fixed rectilineal co\'94rdinate axes. When referred to two intersecting axes, one of them called the axis of abscissas, or of X, and the other the axis of ordinates, or of Y, the abscissa of the point is the distance cut off from the axis of X by a line drawn through it and parallel to the axis of Y. When a point in space is referred to three axes having a common intersection, the abscissa may be the distance measured parallel to either of them, from the point to the plane of the other two axes. Abscissas and ordinates taken together are called co\'94rdinates. -- OX or PY is the abscissa of the point P of the curve, OY or PX its ordinate, the intersecting lines OX and OY being the axes of abscissas and ordinates respectively, and the point O their origin.

Abscission <Xpage=7>

Ab*scis"sion (#) , n. [L. abscissio . See Abscind .] 1. The act or process of cutting off. "Not to be cured without the abscission of a member."

Jer. Taylor.

2. The state of being cut off.

Sir T. Browne.

3. (Rhet.) A figure of speech employed when a speaker having begun to say a thing stops abruptly: thus, "He is a man of so much honor and candor, and of such generosity -- but I need say no more."

Abscond <Xpage=7>

Ab*scond" (#) , v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Absconded ; p. pr. & vb. n. Absconding .] [L. abscondere to hide; ab , abs + condere to lay up; con + d\'ddre (only in comp.) to put. Cf. Do .] 1. To hide, withdraw, or be concealed.

The marmot absconds all winter. Ray.

2. To depart clandestinely; to steal off and secrete one's self; -- used especially of persons who withdraw to avoid a legal process; as, an absconding debtor .

That very homesickness which, in regular armies, drives so many recruits to abscond . Macaulay.

Abscond <Xpage=7>

Ab*scond" , v. t. To hide; to conceal. [Obs.]

Bentley.

Abscondence <Xpage=7>

Ab*scond"ence (#) , n. Fugitive concealment; secret retirement; hiding. [R.]

Phillips.

Absconder <Xpage=7>

Ab*scond"er (#) , n. One who absconds.

Absence <Xpage=7>

Ab"sence (#) , n. [F., fr. L. absentia . See Absent .] 1. A state of being absent or withdrawn from a place or from companionship; -- opposed to presence .

Not as in my presence only, but now much more in my absence . Phil. ii. 12.

2. Want; destitution; withdrawal. "In the absence of conventional law."

Kent.

3. Inattention to things present; abstraction (of mind); as, absence of mind . "Reflecting on the little absences and distractions of mankind."

Addison.

To conquer that abstraction which is called absence . Landor.

Absent <Xpage=7>

Ab"sent (#) , a. [F., fr. absens , absentis , p. pr. of abesse to be away from; ab + esse to be. Cf. Sooth .] 1. Being away from a place; withdrawn from a place; not present. "Expecting absent friends."

Shak.

2. Not existing; lacking; as, the part was rudimental or absent .

3. Inattentive to what is passing; absent-minded; preoccupied; as, an absent air .

What is commonly called an absent man is commonly either a very weak or a very affected man. Chesterfield.

Syn. -- Absent , Abstracted . These words both imply a want of attention to surrounding objects. We speak of a man as absent when his thoughts wander unconsciously from present scenes or topics of discourse; we speak of him as abstracted when his mind (usually for a brief period) is drawn off from present things by some weighty matter for reflection. Absence of mind is usually the result of loose habits of thought; abstraction commonly arises either from engrossing interests and cares, or from unfortunate habits of association.

Absent <Xpage=7>

Ab*sent" (#) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Absented ; p. pr. & vb. n. Absenting .] [Cf. F. absenter .] 1. To take or withdraw (one's self) to such a distance as to prevent intercourse; -- used with the reflexive pronoun.

If after due summons any member absents himself, he is to be fined. Addison.

2. To withhold from being present. [Obs.] "Go; for thy stay, not free, absents thee more."

Milton.

Absentaneous <Xpage=7>

Ab`sen*ta"ne*ous (#) , a. [LL. absentaneus . See absent ] Pertaining to absence. [Obs.]

Absentation <Xpage=7>

Ab`sen*ta"tion (#) , n. The act of absenting one's self.

Sir W. Hamilton.

Absentee <Xpage=7>

Ab`sen*tee" (#) , n. One who absents himself from his country, office, post, or duty; especially, a landholder who lives in another country or district than that where his estate is situated; as, an Irish absentee .

Macaulay.

Absenteeism <Xpage=7>

Ab`sen*tee"ism (#) , n. The state or practice of an absentee; esp. the practice of absenting one's self from the country or district where one's estate is situated.

Absenter <Xpage=7>

Ab*sent"er (#) , n. One who absents one's self.

Absently <Xpage=7>

Ab"sent*ly (#) , adv. In an absent or abstracted manner.

Absentment <Xpage=7>

Ab*sent"ment (#) , n. The state of being absent; withdrawal. [R.]

Barrow.

Absent-minded <Xpage=7>

Ab`sent-mind"ed (#) , a. Absent in mind; abstracted; preoccupied. -- Ab`sent-mind"ed*ness , n. -- Ab`sent-mind"ed*ly , adv.

Absentness <Xpage=7>

Ab"sent*ness (#) , n. The quality of being absent-minded.

H. Miller.

Absey-book <Xpage=7>

Ab"sey-book` (#) , n. An A-B-C book; a primer. [Obs.]

Shak.

Absinthate <Xpage=7>

Ab"sin"thate (#) , n. (Chem.) A combination of absinthic acid with a base or positive radical.

Absinth, Absinthe <Xpage=7>

Ab"sinth` , Ab"sinthe` (#) , n. [F. absinthe . See Absinthium .] 1. The plant absinthium or common wormwood.

2. A strong spirituous liqueur made from wormwood and brandy or alcohol.

Absinthial <Xpage=7>