Chapter 689

Gridiron pendulum . See under Pendulum. -- Gridiron valve (Steam Engine) , a slide valve with several parallel perforations corresponding to openings in the seat on which the valve moves.

Grief <Xpage=<-- p. 650 Needs proof-reading . . . the etymologies and other italics are not marked -->>

Grief (?) , n. [OE. grief , gref , OF. grief , gref , F. grief , L. gravis heavy; akin to Gr. ?, Skr. guru , Goth. ka?rus . Cf. Barometer , Grave , a. , Grieve , Gooroo. ] 1. Pain of mind on account of something in the past; mental suffering arising from any cause, as misfortune, loss of friends, misconduct of one's self or others, etc.; sorrow; sadness.

The mother was so afflicted at the loss of a fine boy, . . . that she died for grief of it. Addison.

2. Cause of sorrow or pain; that which afficts or distresses; trial; grievance.

Be factious for redress of all these griefs . Shak.

3. Physical pain, or a cause of it; malady. [R.]

This grief (cancerous ulcers) hastened the end of that famous mathematician, Mr. Harriot. Wood.

To come to grief , to meet with calamity, accident, defeat, ruin, etc., causing grief; to turn out badly. [Colloq.]

Syn. -- Affiction; sorrow; distress; sadness; trial; grievance. Grief , Sorrow , Sadness . Sorrow is the generic term; grief is sorrow for some definite cause -- one which commenced, at least, in the past; sadness is applied to a permanent mood of the mind. Sorrow is transient in many cases; but the grief of a mother for the loss of a favorite child too often turns into habitual sadness. " Grief is sometimes considered as synonymous with sorrow ; and in this case we speak of the transports of grief . At other times it expresses more silent, deep, and painful affections, such as are inspired by domestic calamities, particularly by the loss of friends and relatives, or by the distress, either of body or mind, experienced by those whom we love and value." Cogan. See Affliction .

Griefful <Xpage=<-- p. 650 Needs proof-reading . . . the etymologies and other italics are not marked -->>

Grief"ful (?) , a. Full of grief or sorrow.

Sackvingle.

Griefless <Xpage=<-- p. 650 Needs proof-reading . . . the etymologies and other italics are not marked -->>

Grief"less , a. Without grief.

Huloet.

Griego <Xpage=<-- p. 650 Needs proof-reading . . . the etymologies and other italics are not marked -->>

Grie"go (?) , n. See Greggoe .

Grievable <Xpage=<-- p. 650 Needs proof-reading . . . the etymologies and other italics are not marked -->>

Griev"a*ble (?) , a. Lamentable. [Obs.]

Griev'ance <Xpage=<-- p. 650 Needs proof-reading . . . the etymologies and other italics are not marked -->>

Griev'ance (?) , n. [OF. grcvance. See Grieve , v. t. ] 1. A cause of uneasiness and complaint; a wrong done and suffered; that which gives ground for remonstrance or resistance, as arising from injustice, tyranny, etc.; injury.

2. Grieving; grief; affliction.

The . . . grievance of a mind unreasonably yoked. Milton.

Syn. -- Burden; oppression; hardship; trouble.

Grievancer <Xpage=<-- p. 650 Needs proof-reading . . . the etymologies and other italics are not marked -->>

Griev"an*cer (?) , n. One who occasions a grievance; one who gives ground for complaint. [Obs.]

Petition . . . against the bishops as grand grievancers . Fuller.

Grieve, Greeve <Xpage=<-- p. 650 Needs proof-reading . . . the etymologies and other italics are not marked -->>

Grieve (?) , Greeve , n. [AS. ger<?/fa . Cf. Reeve an officer.] A manager of a farm, or overseer of any work; a reeve; a manorial bailiff. [Scot.]

Their children were horsewhipped by the grieve . Sir W. Scott.

Grieve <Xpage=<-- p. 650 Needs proof-reading . . . the etymologies and other italics are not marked -->>

Grieve (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Grieved (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Grieving .] [OE. greven , OF. grever , fr. L. gravare to burden, oppress, fr. gravis heavy. See Grief. ] 1. To occasion grief to; to wound the sensibilities of; to make sorrowful; to cause to suffer; to affect; to hurt; to try.

Grieve not the Holy Spirit of God. Eph. iv. 30.

The maidens grieved themselves at my concern. Cowper,

2. To sorrow over; as, to grieve one's fate . [R.]

Grieve <Xpage=<-- p. 650 Needs proof-reading . . . the etymologies and other italics are not marked -->>

Grieve , v. i. To feel grief; to be in pain of mind on account of an evil; to sorrow; to mourn; -- often followed by at , for , or over.

Do not you grieve at this. Shak.

Griever <Xpage=<-- p. 650 Needs proof-reading . . . the etymologies and other italics are not marked -->>

Griev"er (?) , n. One who, or that which, grieves.

Grieving <Xpage=<-- p. 650 Needs proof-reading . . . the etymologies and other italics are not marked -->>

Griev"ing , a. Sad; sorrowful; causing grief. -- n. The act of causing grief; the state of being grieved.

-- Griev'ing-ly , adv.

Shak.

Grievous <Xpage=<-- p. 650 Needs proof-reading . . . the etymologies and other italics are not marked -->>

Griev"ous (?) , a. [OF. grevous, grevos, LL. gravosus. See Grief .] 1. Causing grief or sorrow; painful; afflictive; hard to bear; offensive; harmful.

The famine was grievous in the land. Gen. xii. 10.

The thing was very grievous in Abraham's sight. Gen. xxi 11.

2. Characterized by great atrocity; heinous; aggravated; flagitious; as, a grievous sin .

Gen. xviii. 20.

3. Full of, or expressing, grief; showing great sorrow or affliction; as, a grievous cry . -- Griev"ous*ly , adv. -- Griev"ous*ness , n.

Griff <Xpage=<-- p. 650 Needs proof-reading . . . the etymologies and other italics are not marked -->>

Griff (?) , n. [Cf. Gripe .] 1. Grasp; reach. [Obs.]

A vein of gold ore within one spade's griff . Holland.

2. [Cf. F. griffe, G. griff, prop., a grasping.] (Weaving) An arrangement of parallel bars for lifting the hooked wires which raise the warp threads in a loom for weaving figured goods.

Knight.

Griffe <Xpage=<-- p. 650 Needs proof-reading . . . the etymologies and other italics are not marked -->>

Griffe (?) , n. [F.] The offspring of a mulatto woman and a negro; also, a mulatto. [Local, U. S.]

Griffin <Xpage=<-- p. 650 Needs proof-reading . . . the etymologies and other italics are not marked -->>

Grif"fin (?) , n. An Anglo-Indian name for a person just arrived from Europe.

H. Kingsley.

Griffin, Griffon <Xpage=<-- p. 650 Needs proof-reading . . . the etymologies and other italics are not marked -->>

Grif"fin (?) , Grif"fon (?) , n. [OE. griffin , griffon , griffoun , F. griffon , fr. L. gryphus , equiv to gryps , Gr. <?/; -- so called because of the hooked beak, and akin to <?/ curved, hook-nosed.]

1. (Myth.) A fabulous monster, half lion and half eagle. It is often represented in Grecian and Roman works of art.

2. (Her.) A representation of this creature as an heraldic charge.

3. (Zo\'94l.) A species of large vulture ( Gyps fulvus ) found in the mountainous parts of Southern Europe, North Africa, and Asia Minor; -- called also gripe , and grype . It is supposed to be the " eagle " of the Bible. The bearded griffin is the lammergeir. [Written also gryphon.]

<page="651"> Page 651

4. An English early apple.

Grig <Xpage=651>

Grig (?) , n. [Cf. Sw. kr\'84k little creature, reptile; or D. kriek cricket, E. cricket .] 1. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A cricket or grasshopper. [Prov. Eng.] (b) Any small eel . (c) The broad-nosed eel See Glut . [Prov. Eng.]

2. Heath. [Prov. Eng.]

Audrey.

As merry as a grig [etymology uncertain] , a saying supposed by some to be a corruption of "As merry as a Greek; " by others, to be an allusion to the cricket.

Gril <Xpage=651>

Gril (?) , a. [OE. gril harsh; akin to G. grell offending the ear or eye, shrill, dazzling, MHG. grel angry; cf. AS. gallan to provoke.] Harah; hard; severe; stern; rough. [Obs.]

Rom. of R.

Grill <Xpage=651>

Grill , n. [F. gril . See Grill , v. t. ] 1. A gridiron.

[They] make grills of [wood] to broil their meat. Cotton.

2. That which is broiled on a gridiron, as meat, fish, etc.

Grill <Xpage=651>

Grill , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Grilled (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Grilling .] [F. griller , fr. gril gridiron, OF. gra\'8bl , L. craticulum for craticula fine hurdlework, a small gridiron, dim. of crates hurdle. See Grate , n. ]

1. To broil on a grill or gridiron. Boiling of men in caldrons, grilling them on gridirons.

Marvell.

2. To torment, as if by broiling.

Dickens.

Grillade <Xpage=651>

Gril*lade" (<?/) , n. [F. See Grill , v. t. ] The act of grilling; also, that which is grilled.

Grillage <Xpage=651>

Gril"lage (?) , n. [F.] (Hydraulic Eagin.) A framework of sleepers and crossbeams forming a foundation in marshy or treacherous soil.

Grille <Xpage=651>

Grille (?) , a. [F. See Grill , v. t. ] A lattice or grating.

The grille which formed part of the gate. L. Oliphant.

Grilly <Xpage=651>

Gril"ly (?) , v. t. [See Grill , v. t. ] To broil; to grill; hence, To harass. [Obs.]

Hudibras.

Grilse <Xpage=651>

Grilse (?) , n. [ Etymol . uncertain .] (Zo\'94l.) A young salmon after its first return from the sea.

Grim <Xpage=651>

Grim (?) , a. [ Compar. Grimmer (-mer) ; superl. Grimmest (<?/) .] [AS. grim ; akin to G. grimm , equiv. to G. & D. grimmig , Dan. grim , grum , Sw. grym , Icel. grimmr, G. gram grief, as adj., hostile; cf. Gr. <?/, a crushing sound, <?/ to neigh.] Of forbidding or fear-inspiring aspect; fierce; stern; surly; cruel; frightful; horrible.

Whose grim aspect sets every joint a-shaking. Shak .

The ridges of grim war. Milton.

Syn.-- Fierce; ferocious; furious; horrid; horrible; frightful; ghastly; grisly; hideous; stern; sullen; sour.

Grimace <Xpage=651>

Gri*mace" (?) , n. [F., prob. of Teutonic origin; cf. AS. gr<?/ma mask, specter, Ical. gr<?/ma mask, hood, perh. akin to E. grin .] A distortion of the countenance, whether habitual, from affectation, or momentary aad occasional, to express some feeling, as contempt, disapprobation, complacency, etc.; a smirk; a made-up face.

Moving his face into such a hideons grimace, that every feature of it appeared under a different distortion. Addison.

&hand; "Half the French words used affectedly by Melantha in Dryden's " Marriage a-la-Mode ," as innovations in our language, are now in common usa: chagrin , double -- entendre , \'82claircissement , embarras , \'82quivoque , foible , grimace , na\'8bvete , ridicule . All these words, which she learns by heart to use occasionally, are now in common use."

I. Disraeli.

Grimace <Xpage=651>

Gri*mace" , v. i. To make grimaces; to distort one's face; to make faces.

H. Martineau.

Grimaced <Xpage=651>

Gri*maced" (?) , a. Distorted; crabbed.

Grimalkin <Xpage=651>

Gri*mal"kin (?) , n. [For graymalkin; gray + malkin .] An old cat, esp. a she-cat.

J. Philips.

Grime <Xpage=651>

Grime (?) , n. [Cf. Dan. grim, griim, lampblack, soot, grime, Icel. gr<?/ma mask, sort of hood, OD. grijmsel , grimsel , soot, smut, and E. grimace .] Foul matter; dirt, rubbed in; sullying blackness, deeply ingrained.

Grime <Xpage=651>

Grime , v. t. To sully or soil deeply; to dirt.

Shak.

Grimily <Xpage=651>

Grim"i*ly (?) , adv. In a grimy manner.

Griminess <Xpage=651>

Grim"i*ness n. The state of being grimy.

Grimly <Xpage=651>

Grim"ly (?) , a. Grim; hideous; stern. [R.]

In glided Margaret's grimly ghost, And stood at William's feet. D. Mallet.

Grimly <Xpage=651>

Grim"ly , adv. In a grim manner; fiercely.

Shak.

Grimme <Xpage=651>

Grimme (?) , n. [Cf. F. grimme.] (Zo\'94l.) A West African antelope ( Cephalophus rufilotus ) of a deep bay color, with a broad dorsal stripe of black; -- called also conquetoon .

Grimness <Xpage=651>

Grim"ness (?) , n. [AS. grimnes.] Fierceness of look; sternness; crabbedness; forbiddingness.

Grimsir <Xpage=651>

Grim"sir (?) , n. A stern man. [Obs.]

Burton.

Grimy <Xpage=651>

Grim"y (?) , a. [ Compar. Grimier (?) ; superl. Grimiest.] Full of grime; begrimed; dirty; foul.

Grin <Xpage=651>

Grin (?) , n. [AS. grin .] A snare; a gin. [Obs.]

Like a bird that hasteth to his grin . Remedy of Love.

Grin <Xpage=651>

Grin , v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Grinned (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Grinning .] [OE. grinnen , grennen , AS. grennian , Sw. grina ; akin to D. grijnen , G. greinen , OHG. grinan , Dan. grine . <?/35. Cf. Groan .] 1. To show the teeth, as a dog; to shsrl.

2. To set the teeth together and open the lips, or to open the mouth and withdraw the lips from the teeth, so as to show them, as in laughter, acorn, or pain.

The pangs of death do make him grin . Shak.

Grin <Xpage=651>

Grin , v. t. To express by grinning.

Grinned horrible a ghastly smile.Milton.

Grin <Xpage=651>

Grin , n. The act of closing the teeth and showing them, or of withdrawing the lips and showing the teeth; a hard, forced, or smeering smile.

I.Watts.

He showed twenty teeth at a grin . Addison.

Grind <Xpage=651>

Grind (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Ground (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Grinding .] [AS. grindan ; perh. akin to L. frendere to gnash, grind. Cf. Grist .] 1. To reduce to powder by friction, as in a mill, or with the teeth; to crush into small fragments; to produce as by the action of millstones.

Take the millstones, and grind meal. Is. xivii. 2.

2. To wear down, polish, or sharpen, by friction; to make smooth, sharp, or pointed; to whet, as a knife or drill; to rub against one another, as teeth, etc.

3. To oppress by severe exactions; to harass.

To grind the subject or defraud the prince. Dryden.

4. To study hard for examination. [College Slang]

Grind <Xpage=651>

Grind (?) , v. i. 1. To perform the operation of grinding something; to turn the millstones.

Send thee Into the common prison, there to grind . Milton.

2. To become ground or pulverized by friction; as, this corn grinds well .

3. To become polished or sharpened by friction; as, glass grinds smooth; steel grinds to a sharp edge.

4. To move with much difficulty or friction; to grate.

5. To perform hard aud distasteful service; to drudge; to study hard, as for an examination. Farrar.

Grind <Xpage=651>

Grind , n. 1. The act of reducing to powder, or of sharpening, by friction.

2. Any severe continuous work or occupation; esp., hard and uninteresting study. [Colloq.]

T. Hughes.

3. A hard student; a dig. [College Slang]

Grinded <Xpage=651>

Grind"ed , obs. p. p. of Grind . Ground.

Sir W. Scott.

Grindelia <Xpage=651>

Grin*de"li*a (?) , n. [NL. Named after D. H. Grindel , a Russian.] (Med.) The dried stems and leaves of tarweed ( Grindelia ), used as a remedy in asthma and bronchitis.

Grinder <Xpage=651>

Grind"er (?) , n. 1. One who, or that which, grinds.

2. One of the double teeth, used to grind or masticate the food; a molar.

3. (Zo\'94l.) The restless flycatcher ( Seisura inquieta ) of Australia; -- called also restless thrush and volatile thrush . It makes a noise like a scissors grinder, to which the name alludes.

Grinder's asthma, phthisis, &or; rot (Med.) , a lung disease produced by the mechanical irritation of the particles of steel and stone given off in the operation of grinding.

Grindery <Xpage=651>

Grind"er*y (?) , n. Leather workers' materials. [Eng.]

Grindery warehouse , a shop where leather workers' materials and tools are kept on sale. [Eng.]

Grinding <Xpage=651>

Grind"ing , a. & n. from Grind.

Grinding frame , an English name for a cotton spinning machine. -- Grinding mill . (a) A mill for grinding grain. (b) A lapidary's lathe.

Grindingly <Xpage=651>

Grind"ing*ly , adv. In a grinding manner. [Colloq.]

Grindle <Xpage=651>

Grin"dle (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) The bowfin; -- called also Johnny Grindle . [Local, U. S.]

Grindle stone <Xpage=651>

Grin"dle stone" (?) . A grindstone. [Obs.]

Grindlet <Xpage=651>

Grind"let (?) , n. A small drain.

Grindstone <Xpage=651>

Grind"stone` (?) , n. A flat, circular stone, revolving on an axle, for grinding or sharpening tools, or shaping or smoothing objects.

To hold, pat, &or; bring one's nose to the grindstone , to oppress one; to keep one in a condition of servitude.

They might be ashamed, for lack of courage, to suffer the Laced\'91monians to hold their noses to the grindstone . Sir T. North.

Grinner <Xpage=651>

Grin"ner (?) , n. One who grins.

Addison.

Grinningly <Xpage=651>

Grin"ning*ly , adv. In a grinning manner.

Grint <Xpage=651>

Grint (?) , 3d pers. sing. pres. of Grind , contr. from grindeth . [Obs.]

Chaucer.

Grinte <Xpage=651>

Grin"te (?) , obs. imp. of Grin , v. i. , 1.