Chapter 685

Grave , a. [ Compar. Graver (gr&amac;v"&etil;r) ; superl. Gravest. ] [F., fr. L. gravis heavy; cf. It. & Sp. grave heavy, grave. See Grief. ] 1. Of great weight; heavy; ponderous. [Obs.]

His shield grave and great. Chapman.

2. Of importance; momentous; weighty; influential; sedate; serious; -- said of character, relations, etc.; as, grave deportment, character, influence, etc .

Most potent, grave , and reverend seigniors. Shak.

A grave and prudent law, full of moral equity. Milton.

3. Not light or gay; solemn; sober; plain; as, a grave color; a grave face .

4. (Mus.) (a) Not acute or sharp; low; deep; -- said of sound; as, a grave note or key .

The thicker the cord or string, the more grave is the note or tone. Moore (Encyc. of Music).

(b) Slow and solemn in movement.

Grave accent . (Pron.) See the Note under Accent , n. , 2.

Syn. -- Solemn; sober; serious; sage; staid; demure; thoughtful; sedate; weighty; momentous; important. -- Grave , Sober , Serious , Solemn. Sober supposes the absence of all exhilaration of spirits, and is opposed to gay or flighty ; as, sober thought . Serious implies considerateness or reflection, and is opposed to jocose or sportive ; as, serious and important concerns . Grave denotes a state of mind, appearance, etc., which results from the pressure of weighty interests, and is opposed to hilarity of feeling or vivacity of manner; as, a qrave remark; qrave attire . Solemn is applied to a case in which gravity is carried to its highest point; as, a solemn admonition; a solemn promise .

Grave <Xpage=<-- p. 647 this page badly done>

Grave , v. t. [ imp. Graved (gr&amac;vd) ; p. p. Graven (gr&amac;v"'n) or Graved ; p. pr. & vb. n. Graving .] [AS. grafan to dig, grave, engrave; akin to OFries. greva , D. graven , G. graben , OHG. & Goth. graban , Dan. grabe , Sw. gr&aum;fva , Icel. grafa , but prob. not to Gr. gra`fein to write, E. graphic. Cf. Grave , n. , Grove , n. ]

1. To dig. [Obs.] Chaucer.

He hath graven and digged up a pit. Ps. vii. 16 (Book of Common Prayer).

2. To carve or cut, as letters or figures, on some hard substance; to engrave.

Thou shalt take two onyx stones, and grave on them the names of the children of Israel. Ex. xxviii. 9.

3. To carve out or give shape to, by cutting with a chisel; to sculpture; as, to grave an image .

With gold men may the hearte grave . Chaucer.

4. To impress deeply (on the mind); to fix indelibly.

O! may they graven in thy heart remain. Prior.

5. To entomb; to bury. [Obs.]

Chaucer.

Lie full low, graved in the hollow ground. Shak.

Grave <Xpage=<-- p. 647 this page badly done>

Grave , v. i. To write or delineate on hard substances, by means of incised lines; to practice engraving.

Grave <Xpage=<-- p. 647 this page badly done>

Grave , n. [AS. gr?f , fr. grafan to dig; akin to D. & OS. graf , G. grab , Icel. gr\'94f , Russ. grob' grave, coffin. See Grave to carve.] An excavation in the earth as a place of burial; also, any place of interment; a tomb; a sepulcher. Hence: Death; destruction.

He bad lain in the grave four days. John xi. 17.

Grave wax , adipocere .

Graveclothes <Xpage=<-- p. 647 this page badly done>

Grave"clothes` (<?/) , n. pl. The clothes or dress in which the dead are interred.

Gravedigger <Xpage=<-- p. 647 this page badly done>

Grave"dig`ger (?) , n. 1. A digger of graves.

2. (Zo\'94l.) See Burying beetle , under Bury , v. t.

Gravel <Xpage=<-- p. 647 this page badly done>

Grav"el (?) , n. [OF. gravele , akin to F. gr?ve a sandy shore, strand; of Celtic origin; cf. Armor. grouan gravel, W. gro coarse gravel, pebbles, and Skr. gr&amac;van stone.] 1. Small stones, or fragments of stone; very small pebbles, often intermixed with particles of sand.

2. (Med.) A deposit of small calculous concretions in the kidneys and the urinary or gall bladder; also, the disease of which they are a symptom.

Gravel powder , a coarse gunpowder; pebble powder.

Gravel <Xpage=<-- p. 647 this page badly done>

Grav"el , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Graveled (?) or Gravelled ; p. pr. & vb. n. Graveling or Gravelling .]

1. To cover with gravel; as, to gravel a walk .

2. To run (as a ship) upon the gravel or beach; to run aground; to cause to stick fast in gravel or sand.

When we were fallen into a place between two seas, they graveled the ship. Acts xxvii. 41 (Rhemish version).

Willam the Conqueror . . . chanced as his arrival to be graveled ; and one of his feet stuck so fast in the sand that he fell to the ground. Camden.

3. To check or stop; to embarrass; to perplex. [Colloq.]

When you were graveled for lack of matter. Shak.

The physician was so graveled and amazed withal, that he had not a word more to say. Sir T. North.

4. To hurt or lame (a horse) by gravel lodged between the shoe and foot.

Graveless <Xpage=<-- p. 647 this page badly done>

Grave"less (?) , a. Without a grave; unburied.

Graveling, or Gravelling <Xpage=<-- p. 647 this page badly done>

Grav"el*ing (?) , or Grav"el*ling , n. 1. The act of covering with gravel.

2. A layer or coating of gravel (on a path, etc.).

Graveling, or Gravelling <Xpage=<-- p. 647 this page badly done>

Grav"el*ing , or Grav"el*ling , n. (Zo\'94l.) A salmon one or two years old, before it has gone to sea.

Gravelliness <Xpage=<-- p. 647 this page badly done>

Grav"el*li*ness (?) , n. State of being gravelly.

Gravelly <Xpage=<-- p. 647 this page badly done>

Grav"el*ly (?) , a. Abounding with gravel; consisting of gravel; as, a gravelly soil .

Gravel-stone <Xpage=<-- p. 647 this page badly done>

Grav"el-stone" (?) , n. A pebble, or small fragment of stone; a calculus.

Gravely <Xpage=<-- p. 647 this page badly done>

Grave"ly (?) , adv. In a grave manner.

Graven <Xpage=<-- p. 647 this page badly done>

Grav"en (?) , p. p. of Grave , v. t. Carved.

Graven image , an idol; an object of worship carved from wood, stone, etc. "Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image ." Ex. xx. 4 .

Graveness <Xpage=<-- p. 647 this page badly done>

Grave"ness , n. The quality of being grave.

His sables and his weeds, Importing health and graveness . Shak.

Gravenstein <Xpage=<-- p. 647 this page badly done>

Gra"ven*stein" (?) , n. [So called because it came from Gravenstein, a place in Schleswig. Downing.] A kind of fall apple, marked with streaks of deep red and orange, and of excellent flavor and quality.

Graveolence <Xpage=<-- p. 647 this page badly done>

Gra*ve"o*lence (?) , n. [L. graveolentia : cf. F. grav\'82olence. See Graveolent. ] A strong and offensive smell; rancidity. [R.] Bailey.

Graveolent <Xpage=<-- p. 647 this page badly done>

Gra*ve"o*lent (?) , a. [L. graveolens ; gravis heavy + olere to smell.] Having a rank smell. [R.] Boyle.

Graver <Xpage=<-- p. 647 this page badly done>

Graver (?) , n. 1. One who graves; an engraver or a sculptor; one whose occupation is te cut letters or figures in stone or other hard material.

2. An ergraving or cutting tool; a burin.

Gravery <Xpage=<-- p. 647 this page badly done>

Grav"er*y (?) , n. The act, process, or art, of graving or carving; engraving.

Either of picture or gravery and embossing. Holland.

Graves <Xpage=<-- p. 647 this page badly done>

Graves (?) , n. pl. The sediment of melted tallow. Same as Greaves.

Graves' disease <Xpage=<-- p. 647 this page badly done>

Graves"' dis*ease" (?) . [So called after Dr. Graves , of Dublin.] Same as Basedow's disease .

Gravestone <Xpage=<-- p. 647 this page badly done>

Grave"stone (?) , n. A stone laid over, or erected near, a grave, usually with an inscription, to preserve the memory of the dead; a tombstone.

Graveyard <Xpage=<-- p. 647 this page badly done>

Grave"yard" (?) , n. A yard or inclosure for the interment of the dead; a cemetery.

Gravic <Xpage=<-- p. 647 this page badly done>

Grav"ic (?) , a. Pertaining to, or causing, gravitation; as, gravic forces; gravic attraction. [R.]

Gravid <Xpage=<-- p. 647 this page badly done>

Grav"id (?) , a. [L. gravidus , fr. gravis heavy, loaded. See Grave , a. ] Being with child; heavy with young; pregnant; fruitful; as, a gravid uterus; gravid piety . " His gravid associate." Sir T. Herbert .

Gravidated <Xpage=<-- p. 647 this page badly done>

Grav"i*da"ted (?) , a. [L. gravidatus , p. p. of gravidare to load, impregnate. See Gravid .] Made pregnant; big. [Obs.] Barrow.

Gravidation <Xpage=<-- p. 647 this page badly done>

Grav"i*da"tion (?) , n. Gravidity. [Obs.]

Gravidity <Xpage=<-- p. 647 this page badly done>

Gra*vid"i*ty (?) , n. [L. graviditas. ] The state of being gravidated; pregnancy. [R.]

Gravigrade <Xpage=<-- p. 647 this page badly done>

Grav"i*grade (?) , a. [L. gravis heavy + gradus step.] (Zo\'94l.) Slow-paced. -- n. One of the pachyderms .

Gravimeter <Xpage=<-- p. 647 this page badly done>

Gra*vim"e*ter (?) , n. [L. gravis heavy + -meter : cf. F. gravim\'8atre .] (Physics) An instrument for ascertaining the specific gravity of bodies.

Gravimetric <Xpage=<-- p. 647 this page badly done>

Grav"i*met"ric (?) , a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to measurement by weight; measured by weight. -- Grav"i*met"ric*al*ly (#) , adv.

Gravimetric analysis (Chem.) , analysis in which the amounts of the coastituents are determined by weight; -- in distinction from volumetric analysis .

Graving <Xpage=<-- p. 647 this page badly done>

Grav"ing (?) , n. [From Grave to clean.] The act of cleaning a ship's bottom.

Graving dock . (Naut.) See under Dock.

Graving <Xpage=<-- p. 647 this page badly done>

Grav"ing , n. [From Grave to dig.] l. The act or art of carving figures in hard substances, esp. by incision or in intaglio.

2. That which is graved or carved. [R.]

Skillful to . . . grave any manner of graving . 2 Chron. ii. 14.

3. Impression, as upon the mind or heart.

New gravings upon their souls. Eikon Basilike

Gravitate <Xpage=<-- p. 647 this page badly done>

Grav"i*tate (?) , v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Gravitated (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Gravitating (?) .] [Cf. F. graviter. See Gravity. ] To obey the law of gravitation; to exert a force Or pressure, or tend to move, under the influence of gravitation; to tend in any direction or toward any object.

Why does this apple fall to the ground? Because all bodies gravitate toward each other. Sir W. Hamilton.

Politicians who naturally gravitate towards the stronger party. Macaulay.

Gravitation <Xpage=<-- p. 647 this page badly done>

Grav"i*ta"tion (?) , n. [Cf. F. gravitation. See Gravity.] 1. The act of gravitating.

2. (Pysics) That species of attraction or force by which all bodies or particles of matter in the universe tend toward each other; called also attraction of gravitation , universal gravitation , and universal gravity . See Attraction , and Weight.

Law of gravitatian , that law in accordance with which gravitation acts, namely, that every two bodies or portions of matter in the universe attract each other with a force proportional directly to the quantity of matter they contain, and inversely to the squares of their distances.

Gravitational <Xpage=<-- p. 647 this page badly done>

Grav`i*tation*al (?) , a. (Physics) Of or pertaining to the force of gravity; as, gravitational units .

Gravitative <Xpage=<-- p. 647 this page badly done>

Gravi*ta*tive (?) , a. Causing to gravitate; tending to a center.

Coleridge.

Gravity <Xpage=<-- p. 647 this page badly done>

Grav"i*ty (?) , n. ; pl. Gravities (#) . [L. gravitas , fr. gravis heavy; cf. F. gravit\'82 . See Grave , a. , Grief .] 1. The state of having weight; beaviness; as, the gravity of lead .

2. Sobriety of character or demeanor. "Men of gravity and learning."<

Shak.

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3. Importance, significance, dignity, etc; hence, seriousness; enormity; as, the gravity of an offense .

They derive an importance from . . . the gravity of the place where they were uttered. Burke.

4. (Physics) The tendency of a mass of matter toward a center of attraction; esp., the tendency of a body toward the center of the earth; terrestrial gravitation.

5. (Mus.) Lowness of tone; -- opposed to acuteness.

Center of gravity See under Center . -- Gravity battery , See Battery , n. , 4. -- Specific gravity , the ratio of the weight of a body to the weight of an equal volume of some other body taken as the standard or unit. This standard is usually water for solids and liquids, and air for gases. Thus, 19, the specific gravity of gold, expresses the fact that, bulk for bulk, gold is nineteen times as heavy as water.

Gravy <Xpage=<-- p. 648 needs proofing ##proof>

Gra"vy (?) , n ; pl. Gravies (#) . [OE. greavie; prob. fr. greaves, graves, the sediment of melted tallow. See Greaves .] 1. The juice or other liquid matter that drips from flesh in cooking, made into a dressing for the food when served up.

2. Liquid dressing for meat, fish, vegetables, etc.

Gray <Xpage=<-- p. 648 needs proofing ##proof>

Gray (?) , a. [ Compar. Grayer (<?/) ; superl. Grayest .] [OE. gray, grey, AS. gr?g, gr?g; akin to D. graauw OHG. gr?o, G. grau, Dan. graa, Dw. gr?, Icel. grdr.] [Written also grey .] 1. White mixed with black, as the color of pepper and salt, or of ashes, or of hair whitened by age; sometimes, a dark mixed color; as, the soft gray eye of a dove .

These gray and dun colors may be also produced by mixing whites and blacks. Sir I. Newton.

2. Gray-haired; gray-headed; of a gray color; hoary.

3. Old; mature; as, gray experience . Ames.

Gray antimony ( Min. ), stibnite. -- Gray buck (Zo\'94l.) , the chickara. -- Gray cobalt ( Min. ), smaltite. -- Gray copper ( Min. ), tetrahedrite. -- Gray duck (Zo\'94l.) , the gadwall; also applied to the female mallard. -- Gray falcon (Zo\'94l.) the peregrine falcon. -- Gray Friar . See Franciscan , and Friar . -- Gray hen ( Zo\'94l. ), the female of the blackcock or black grouse. See Heath grouse . -- Gray mill or millet (Bot.) , a name of several plants of the genus Lithospermum ; gromwell. -- Gray mullet (Zo\'94l.) any one of the numerous species of the genus Mugil , or family Mugilid&ae; , found both in the Old World and America; as the European species ( M. capito , and M. auratus ), the American striped mullet ( M. albula ), and the white or silver mullet ( M. Braziliensis ). See Mullet . -- Gray owl (Zo\'94l.) , the European tawny or brown owl ( Syrnium aluco ). The great gray owl ( Ulula cinerea ) inhabits arctic America. -- Gray parrot (Zo\'94l.) , a parrot ( Psittacus erithacus ), very commonly domesticated, and noted for its aptness in learning to talk. -- Gray pike . (Zo\'94l.) See Sauger . -- Gray snapper (Zo\'94l.) , a Florida fish; the sea lawyer. See Snapper . -- Gray snipe (Zo\'94l.) , the dowitcher in winter plumage. -- Gray whale (Zo\'94l.) , a rather large and swift California whale ( Rhachianectes glaucus ), formerly taken in large numbers in the bays; -- called also grayback, devilfish, and hardhead.

Gray <Xpage=<-- p. 648 needs proofing ##proof>

Gray , n. 1. A gray color; any mixture of white and black; also, a neutral or whitish tint.

2. An animal or thing of gray color, as a horse, a badger, or a kind of salmon.

Woe worth the chase, woe worth the day. That coats thy life, my gallant gray. Sir W. Scott.

Grayback <Xpage=<-- p. 648 needs proofing ##proof>

Gray"back` (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The California gray whale. (b) The redbreasted sandpiper or knot . (c) The dowitcher . (d) The body louse.

Graybeard <Xpage=<-- p. 648 needs proofing ##proof>

Gray"beard` (?) , n. An old man.

Shak.

Grayfly <Xpage=<-- p. 648 needs proofing ##proof>

Gray"fly` (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) The trumpet fly.

Milton.

Grayhound <Xpage=<-- p. 648 needs proofing ##proof>

Gray"hound` (-hound`) , n. (Zo\'94l.) See Greyhound .

Grayish <Xpage=<-- p. 648 needs proofing ##proof>

Gray"ish , a. Somewhat gray.

Graylag <Xpage=<-- p. 648 needs proofing ##proof>

Gray"lag` (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) The common wild gray goose ( Anser anser ) of Europe, believed to be the wild form of the domestic goose. See Illust . of Goose .

Grayling <Xpage=<-- p. 648 needs proofing ##proof>

Gray"ling (?) , n. [From Gray , a. ] 1. (Zo\'94l.) A European fish ( Thymallus vulgaris ), allied to the trout, but having a very broad dorsal fin; -- called also umber . It inhabits cold mountain streams, and is valued as a game fish.

And here and there a lusty trout, And here and there a grayling. Tennyson.

2. (Zo\'94l.) An American fish of the genus Thymallus , having similar habits to the above; one species ( T. Ontariensis ), inhabits several streams in Michigan; another ( T. montanus ), is found in the Yellowstone region.