Chapter 683

Granuliform <Xpage=645>

Gra*nu"li*form (?) , a. [ Granule + -form .] (Min.) Having a granular structure; granular; as, granuliform limestone .

Granulite <Xpage=645>

Gran"u*lite (?) , n. [From Granule .] (Geol.) A whitish, granular rock, consisting of feldspar and quartz intimately mixed; -- sometimes called whitestone, and leptynite.

Granulose <Xpage=645>

Gran"u*lose` (?) , n. [From Granule .] (Physiol. Chem.) The main constituent of the starch grain or granule, in distinction from the framework of cellulose. Unlike cellulose, it is colored blue by iodine, and is converted into dextrin and sugar by boiling acids and amylolytic ferments.

Granulous <Xpage=645>

Gran"u*lous (?) , a. [Cf. F. granuleux .] Full of grains; abounding with granular substances; granular.

Grape <Xpage=645>

Grape (?) , n. [OF. grape , crape , bunch or cluster of grapes, F. grappe , akin to F. grappin grapnel, hook; fr. OHG. chrapfo hook, G. krapfen , akin to E. cramp . The sense seems to have come from the idea of clutching. Cf. Agraffe , Cramp , Grapnel , Grapple .] 1. (Bot.) A well-known edible berry growing in pendent clusters or bunches on the grapevine. The berries are smooth-skinned, have a juicy pulp, and are cultivated in great quantities for table use and for making wine and raisins.

2. (Bot.) The plant which bears this fruit; the grapevine.

3. (Man.) A mangy tumor on the leg of a horse.

4. (Mil.) Grapeshot.

Grape borer . (Zo\'94l.) See Vine borer . -- Grape curculio (Zo\'94l.) , a minute black weevil ( Craponius in\'91qualis ) which in the larval state eats the interior of grapes. -- Grape flower , &or; Grape hyacinth (Bot.) , a liliaceous plant ( Muscari racemosum ) with small blue globular flowers in a dense raceme. -- Grape fungus (Bot.) , a fungus ( Oidium Tuckeri ) on grapevines; vine mildew. -- Grape hopper (Zo\'94l.) , a Small yellow and red hemipterous insect, often very injurious to the leaves of the grapevine. -- Grape moth (Zo\'94l.) , a small moth ( Eudemis botrana ), which in the larval state eats the interior of grapes, and often binds them together with silk. -- Grape of a cannon , the cascabel or knob at the breech. -- Grape sugar . See Glucose . -- Grape worm (Zo\'94l.) , the larva of the grape moth. -- Soar grapes , things which persons affect to despise because they can not possess them; -- in allusion to <AE/sop's fable of the fox and the grapes.

Grape fruit <Xpage=645>

Grape" fruit` . The shaddock.

Grapeless <Xpage=645>

Grape"less , a. Wanting grapes or the flavor of grapes.

Grapery <Xpage=645>

Grap"er*y (?) , n. A building or inclosure used for the cultivation of grapes.

Grapeshot <Xpage=645>

Grape"shot` (?) , n. (Mil.) A cluster, usually nine in number, of small iron balls, put together by means of cast-iron circular plates at top and bottom, with two rings, and a central connecting rod, in order to be used as a charge for a cannon. Formerly grapeshot were inclosed in canvas bags.

Grapestone <Xpage=645>

Grape"stone` (?) , n. A seed of the grape.

Grapevine <Xpage=645>

Grape"vine` (?) , n. (Bot.) A vine or climbing shrub, of the genus Vitis , having small green flowers and lobed leaves, and bearing the fruit called grapes .

&hand; The common grapevine of the Old World is Vitis vinifera , and is a native of Central Asia. Another variety is that yielding small seedless grapes commonly called Zante currants . The northern Fox grape of the United States is the V. Labrusca , from which, by cultivation, has come the Isabella variety. The southern Fox grape , or Muscadine , is the V. vulpina . The Frost grape is V. cordifolia , which has very fragrant flowers, and ripens after the early frosts.

-graph <Xpage=645>

-graph (<?/) [From Gr. gra`fein to write. See Graphic .] A suffix signifying something written , a writing ; also, a writer ; as auto graph , crysto graph , tele graph , photo graph .

Graphic, Graphical <Xpage=645>

Graph"ic (?) , Graph"ic*al (?) , a. [L. graphicus , Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to write; cf. F. graphique . See Graft .] 1. Of or pertaining to the arts of painting and drawing.

2. Of or pertaining to the art of writing.

3. Written or engraved; formed of letters or lines.

The finger of God hath left an inscription upon all his works, not graphical, or composed of letters. Sir T. Browne.

4. Well delineated; clearly and vividly described.

5. Having the faculty of, or characterized by, clear and impressive description; vivid; as, a gruphic writer .

Graphic algebra , a branch of algebra in which, the properties of equations are treated by the use of curves and straight lines. -- Graphic arts , a name given to those fine arts which pertain to the representation on a fiat surface of natural objects; as distinguished from music, etc., and also from sculpture. -- Graphic formula . (Chem.) See under Formula . -- Graphic granite . See under Granite . -- Graphic method , the method of scientific analysis or investigation, in which the relations or laws involved in tabular numbers are represented to the eye by means of curves or other figures; as the daily changes of weather by means of curves, the abscissas of which represent the hours of the day, and the ordinates the corresponding degrees of temperature. -- Graphical statics (Math.) , a branch of statics, in which the magnitude, direction, and position of forces are represented by straight lines -- Graphic tellurium . See Sylvanite . >

Graphically <Xpage=645>

Graph"ic*al*ly (?) , adv. In a graphic manner; vividly.

Graphicness, Graphicalness <Xpage=645>

Graph"ic*ness , Graph"ic*al*ness , n. The quality or state of being graphic.

Graphics <Xpage=645>

Graph"ics (?) , n. The art or the science of drawing; esp. of drawing according to mathematical rules, as in perspective, projection, and the like.

Graphiscope <Xpage=645>

Graph"i*scope (?) , n. See Graphoscope .

Graphite <Xpage=645>

Graph"ite (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ to write: cf. F. graphite . See Graphic .] (Min.) Native carbon in hexagonal crystals, also foliated or granular massive, of black color and metallic luster, and so soft as to leave a trace on paper. It is used for pencils (improperly called lead pencils ), for crucibles, and as a lubricator, etc. Often called plumbago or black lead .

Graphite battery (Elec.) , a voltaic battery consisting of zinc and carbon in sulphuric acid, or other exciting liquid.

Graphitic <Xpage=645>

Gra*phit"ic (?) , a. Pertaining to, containing, derived from, or resembling, graphite.

Graphitic acid (Chem.) , an organic acid, so called because obtained by the oxidation of graphite; -- usually called mellitic acid. -- Graphitic carbon , in iron or steel, that portion of the carbon which is present as graphite.

Raymond.

Graphitoid, Graphitoidal <Xpage=645>

Graph"i*toid (?) , Graph"i*toid"al (?) , a. Resembling graphite or plumbago.

Grapholite <Xpage=645>

Graph"o*lite (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ to write + -lite : cf. F. grapholithe .] Any species of slate suitable to be written on.

Graphology <Xpage=645>

Gra*phol"o*gy (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ to write + -logy : cf. F. graphologie .] The art of judging of a person's character, disposition, and aptitude from his handwriting.

Graphoscope <Xpage=645>

Graph"o*scope (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ to write + -scope .] An optical instrument for magnifying engravings, photographs, etc., usually having one large lens and two smaller ones.

Graphotype <Xpage=645>

Graph"o*type (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ to write + -type .] (Engraving) A process for producing a design upon a surface in relief so that it can be printed from. Prepared chalk or oxide of zinc is pressed upon a smooth plate by a hydraulic press, and the design is drawn upon this in a peculiar ink which hardens the surface wherever it is applied. The surface is then carefully rubbed or brushed, leaving the lines in relief.

-graphy <Xpage=645>

-gra*phy (?) . [Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ write. See Graphic .] A suffix denoting the art of writing or describing; also, the writing or description itself; a treatise; as, calligraphy, biography, geography .

Grapnel <Xpage=645>

Grap"nel (?) , n. [OE. grapenel , dim. fr. F. grappin t he grapple of a ship; of German origin. See Grape .] (Naut.) A small anchor, with four or five flukes or claws, used to hold boats or small vessels; hence, any instrument designed to grapple or hold; a grappling iron; a grab; -- written also grapline , and crapnel .

Grapple <Xpage=645>

Grap"ple (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Grappled (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Grappling (?) .] [F. grappiller , OF. graypil the grapple of a ship, fr. graper to pluck, prop., to seize, clutch; of German origin. See Grape .] 1. To seize; to lay fast hold of; to attack at close quarters: as, to grapple an antagonist.

2. To fasten, as with a grapple; to fix; to join indissolubly.

The gallies were grappled to the Centurion. Hakluyt.

Grapple them to thy soul with hoops of steel. Shak.

Grapple <Xpage=645>

Grap"ple , v. i. To use a grapple; to contend in close fight; to attach one's self as if by a grapple, as in wrestling; to close; to seize one another.

To grapple with , to enter into contest with, resolutely and courageously.

And in my standard bear the arms of York, To grapple with the house of Lancaster. Shak.

Grapple <Xpage=645>

Grap"ple , n. [See Grapple, v. t. , and cf. Crapple.] 1. A seizing or seizure; close hug in contest; the wrestler's hold.

Milton.

2. (a) An instrument, usually with hinged claws, for seizing and holding fast to an object; a grab. (b) (Naut.) A grappling iron.

The iron hooks and grapples keen. Spenser.

Grapple plant (Bot.) , a South African herb ( Herpagophytum leptocarpum ) having the woody fruits armed with long hooked or barbed thorns by which they adhere to cattle, causing intense annoyance. -- Grapple shot (Life-saving Service) , a projectile, to which are attached hinged claws to catch in a ship's rigging or to hold in the ground; -- called also anchor shot .

Grapplement <Xpage=645>

Grapple*ment (?) , n. A grappling; close fight or embrace. [Obs.]

Spenser.

<page="646"> Page 646

Grappling <Xpage=646>

Grap"pling (?) , n. 1. A laying fast ho1d of; also, that by which anything is seized and held, a grapnel.

2. A grapple; a struggle. A match for yards in fight, in grappling for the bear.

Dryden.

Grappling iron , a hooked iron used for grappling and holding fast a vessel or other object. -- Grappling tongs , broad-mouthed tongs for gathering oysters.

Grapsoid <Xpage=646>

Grap"soid (?) , a. [NL. Grapsus + -oid .] (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the genus Grapsus or the family Grapsid\'91 . -- n. A grapsoid crab.

Graptolite <Xpage=646>

Grap"to*lite (?) , n. [NL, Graptolithus, from Gr. <?/ is engraved, written (<?/ to write) + <?/ stone.] (Paleon.) One of numerous species of slender and delicate fossils, of the genus Graptolites and allied genera, found in the Silurian rocks. They belong to an extinct group ( Graptolithina ) supposed to be hydroids.

Graptolitic <Xpage=646>

Grap"to*lit`ic (?) , a. Of or pertaining to graptolites; containing graptolites; as, a graptolitic slate .

Grapy <Xpage=646>

Grap"y (?) , a. Composed of, or resembling, grapes.

The grapy clusters. Addison.

Grasp <Xpage=646>

Grasp (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Grasper (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Qraspine .] [OE. graspen ; prob. akin to LG. grupsen, or to E. grope. Cf. Grab , Grope .] 1. To seize and hold by clasping or embracing with the fingers or arms; to catch to take possession of.

Thy hand is made to grasp a palmer's staff. Shak.

2. To lay hold of with the mind; to become thoroughly acquainted or conversant with; to comprehend.

Grasp <Xpage=646>

Grasp , v. i. To effect a grasp; to make the motion of grasping; to clutch; to struggle; to strive.

As one that grasped And tugged for life and was by strength subdued. Shak.

To grasp at , to catch at; to try to seize; as, Alexander grasped at universal empire,

Grasp <Xpage=646>

Grasp , n. 1. A gripe or seizure of the hand; a seizure by embrace, or infolding in the arms. "The grasps of love."

Shak.

2. Reach of the arms; hence, the power of seizing and holding; as, it was beyond his grasp .

3. Forcible possession; hold.

The whole space that's in the tyrant's grasp . Shak.

4. Wide-reaching power of intellect to comprehend subjects and hold them under survey.

The foremost minds of the next . . . era were not, in power of grasp , equal to their predecessors. Z. Taylor.

5. The handle of a sword or of an oar.

Graspable <Xpage=646>

Grasp"a*ble (?) , a. Capable of being grasped.

Graaper <Xpage=646>

Graap"er (?) , n. One who grasps or seizes; one who catches or holds.

Grasping <Xpage=646>

Grasp"ing , a. 1. Seizing; embracing; catching.

2. Avaricious; greedy of gain; covetous; close; miserly; as, he is a grasping man . -- Grasp"ing*ly , adv. -- Grasp"ing*ness , n.

Graspless <Xpage=646>

Grasp"less , a. Without a grasp; relaxed.

From my graspless hand Drop friendship's precious pearls. Coleridge.

Grass <Xpage=646>

Grass (?) , n. [OE. gras , gres , gers , AS, qr<?/s , g<?/rs ; akin to OFries. gres , gers , OS., D., G., Icel., & Goth. gras , Dan. gr<?/s , Sw. gr<?/s , and prob. to Z. grcen , grow. Cf. Graze .] 1. Popularly: Herbage; the plants which constitute the food of cattle and other beasts; pasture.

2. (Bot.) An endogenous plant having simple leaves, a stem generally jointed and tubular, the husks or glumes in pairs, and the seed single.

&hand; This definition includes wheat, rye, oats, barley, etc., and excludes clover and some other plants which are commonly called by the name of grass. The grasses form a numerous family of plants.

3. The season of fresh grass; spring. [Colloq.]

Two years old next grass . Lathsm.

4. Metaphorically used for what is transitory.

Surely the people is grass . Is. xl. 7.

&hand; The following list includes most of the grasses of the United States of special interest, except cereals. Many of these terms will be found with definitions in the Vocabulary. See Illustrations in Appendix.

Barnyard grass , for hay. South. Panicum Grus-galli .

Bent , pasture and hay. Agrostis , several species.

Bermuda grass , pasture. South. Cynodon Dactylon .

Black bent . Same as Switch grass (below).

Blue bent , hay. North and West. Andropogon provincialis .

Blue grass , pasture. Poa compressa .

Blue joint , hay. Northwest. Aqropyrum glaucum .

Buffalo grass , grazing. Rocky Mts., etc. (a) Buchlo\'89 dectyloides . (b) Same as Grama grass (below). <-- here spelled "gramma" in original -->

Bunch grass , grazing. Far West. Eriocoma , Festuca , Stips , etc.

Chess , &or; Cheat , a weed. Bromus secalinus , etc.

Couch grass . Same as Quick grass (below).

Crab grass , (a) Hay, in South. A weed, in North. Panicum sanguinale . (b) Pasture and hay. South. Eleusine Indica .

Darnel (a) Bearded, a noxious weed. Lolium temulentum . (b) Common. Same as Rye grass (below).

Drop seed , fair for forage and hay. Muhlenbergia , several species.

English grass . Same as Redtop (below).

Fowl meadow grass . (a) Pasture and hay. Poa serotina . (b) Hay, on moist land. Gryceria nervata .

Gama grass , cut fodder. South. Tripsacum dactyloides .

<-- spelled here (as in modern dictionaries) "Grama" in original, but references are to "gramma" --> Grama grass , grazing. West and Pacific slope. Bouteloua oligostachya , etc.

Great bunch grass , pasture and hay. Far West. Festuca scabrella .

Guinea grass , hay. South. Panicum jumentorum .

Herd's grass , in New England Timothy , in Pennsylvania and South Redtop .

Indian grass . Same as Wood grass (below).

Italian rye grass , forage and hay. Lolium Italicum .

Johnson grass , grazing aud hay. South and Southwest. Sorghum Halepense .

Kentucky blue grass , pasture. Poa pratensis .

Lyme grass , coarse hay. South. Elymus , several species.

Manna grass , pasture and hay. Glyceria , several species.

Meadow fescue , pasture and hay. Festuca elatior .

Meadow foxtail , pasture, hay, lawn. North. Alopecurus pratensis .

Meadow grass , pasture, hay, lawn. Poa , several species.

Mesquite, &or; Muskit grass . Same as Grama grass (above). <-- here spelled "gramma" in original -->

Nimble Will , a kind of drop seed. Muhlenbergia diffsa .

Orchard grass , pasture and hay. Dactylis glomerata .

Porcupine grass , troublesome to sheep. Northwest. Stipa spartea .

Quaking grass , ornamental. Briza media and maxima .

Quitch , or Quick , grass , etc., a weed. Agropyrum repens .

Ray grass . Same as Rye grass (below).

Redtop , pasture and hay. Agrostis vulgaris .

Red-topped buffalo grass , forage. Northwest. Poa tenuifolia .

Reed canary grass , of slight value. Phalaris arundinacea .

Reed meadow grass , hay. North. Glyceria aquatica .

Ribbon grass , a striped leaved form of Reed canary grass .

Rye grass , pasture, hay. Lolium perenne , var.

Seneca grass , fragrant basket work, etc. North. Hierochloa borealis .

Sesame grass . Same as Gama grass (above).