Chapter 68

Syn. -- Enmity; hatred; opposition. -- Animosity , Enmity . Enmity be dormant or concealed; animosity is active enmity, inflamed by collision and mutual injury between opposing parties. The animosities which were continually springing up among the clans in Scotland kept that kingdom in a state of turmoil and bloodshed for successive ages. The animosities which have been engendered among Christian sects have always been the reproach of the church.

Such [writings] as naturally conduce to inflame hatreds and make enmities irreconcilable. Spectator.

[These] factions . . . never suspended their animosities till they ruined that unhappy government. Hume.

Animus <Xpage=58>

An"i*mus (#) , n. ; pl. Animi (#) . [L., mind.] Animating spirit; intention; temper.

nimus furandi [L.] (Law) , intention of stealing.

Anion <Xpage=58>

An"i*on (#) , n. [Gr. <?/, neut. <?/, p. pr. of <?/ to go up; <?/ up + <?/ to go.] (Chem.) An electro-negative element, or the element which, in electro-chemical decompositions, is evolved at the anode; -- opposed to cation .

Faraday.

<-- p. 59 -->

Anise <Xpage=59>

An"ise (#) , n. [OE. anys , F. anis , L. anisum , anethum , fr. Gr. <?/, <?/.] 1. (Bot.) An umbelliferous plant (Pimpinella anisum) growing naturally in Egypt, and cultivated in Spain, Malta, etc., for its carminative and aromatic seeds.

2. The fruit or seeds of this plant.

Aniseed <Xpage=59>

An"i*seed (#) , n. The seed of the anise; also, a cordial prepared from it. "Oil of aniseed ."

Brande & C.

Anisette <Xpage=59>

An`i*sette" (#) , n. [F.] A French cordial or liqueur flavored with anise seeds.

De Colange.

Anisic <Xpage=59>

A*nis"ic (#) , a. Of or derived from anise; as, anisic acid; anisic alcohol.

Anisodactyla, Anisodactyls <Xpage=59>

An`i*so*dac"ty*la (#) , An`i*so*dac"tyls (#) , n. pl. [NL. anisodactyla , fr. Gr. <?/ unequal (<?/ priv. + <?/ equal) + <?/ finger.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) A group of herbivorous mammals characterized by having the hoofs in a single series around the foot, as the elephant, rhinoceros, etc. (b) A group of perching birds which are anisodactylous.

Anisodactylous <Xpage=59>

An`i*so*dac"ty*lous (#) , a. (Zo\'94l.) Characterized by unequal toes, three turned forward and one backward, as in most passerine birds.

Anisomeric <Xpage=59>

An`i*so*mer"ic (#) , a. [Gr. <?/ unequal + <?/ part.] (Chem.) Not isomeric; not made of the same components in the same proportions.

Anisomerous <Xpage=59>

An`i*som"er*ous (#) , a. [See Anisomeric .] (Bot.) Having the number of floral organs unequal, as four petals and six stamens.

Anisometric <Xpage=59>

An`i*so*met"ric (#) , a. [Gr. <?/ priv. + E. isometric .] Not isometric; having unsymmetrical parts; -- said of crystals with three unequal axes.

Dana.

Anisopetalous <Xpage=59>

An`i*so*pet"al*ous (#) , a. [Gr. <?/ unequal + <?/ leaf.] (Bot.) Having unequal petals.

Anisophyllous <Xpage=59>

An`i*soph"yl*lous (#) , a. [Gr. <?/ unequal + <?/ leaf.] (Bot.) Having unequal leaves.

Anisopleura <Xpage=59>

An`i*so*pleu"ra (#) , n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ unequal + <?/ side.] (Zo\'94l.) A primary division of gastropods, including those having spiral shells. The two sides of the body are unequally developed.

Anisopoda <Xpage=59>

An`i*sop"o*da (#) , n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ unequal + -poda .] (Zo\'94l.) A division of Crustacea, which, in some its characteristics, is intermediate between Amphipoda and Isopoda.

Anisostemonous <Xpage=59>

An`i*so*stem"o*nous (#) , a. [Gr. <?/ unequal + <?/ warp, thread; <?/ to stand.] (Bot.) Having unequal stamens; having stamens different in number from the petals.

Anisosthenic <Xpage=59>

An`i*so*sthen"ic (#) , a. [Gr. <?/ unequal + <?/ strength.] Of unequal strength.

Anisotrope, Anisotropic <Xpage=59>

An"i*so*trope` (#) , An`i*so*trop"ic (#) , a. [Gr. <?/ unequal + <?/ a turning, <?/ to turn.] (Physics) Not isotropic; having different properties in different directions; thus, crystals of the isometric system are optically isotropic, but all other crystals are anisotropic .

Anisotropous <Xpage=59>

An`i*sot"ro*pous (#) , a. Anisotropic.

Anker <Xpage=59>

An"ker (#) , n. [D. anker : cf. LL. anceria , ancheria .] A liquid measure in various countries of Europe. The Dutch anker , formerly also used in England, contained about 10 of the old wine gallons, or 8<?/ imperial gallons.

Ankerite <Xpage=59>

An"ker*ite (#) , n. [So called from Prof. Anker of Austria: cf. F. ank\'82rite , G. ankerit .] (Min.) A mineral closely related to dolomite, but containing iron.

Ankle <Xpage=59>

An"kle (#) , n. [OE. ancle , anclow , AS. ancleow ; akin to Icel. \'94kkla , \'94kli , Dan. and Sw. ankel , D. enklaauw , enkel , G. enkel , and perh. OHG. encha , ancha thigh, shin: cf. Skr. anga limb, anguri finger. Cf. Haunch .] The joint which connects the foot with the leg; the tarsus.

Ankle bone , the bone of the ankle; the astragalus.

Ankled <Xpage=59>

An"kled (#) , a. Having ankles; -- used in composition; as, well- ankled .

Beau. & Fl.

Anklet <Xpage=59>

An"klet (#) , n. An ornament or a fetter for the ankle; an ankle ring.

Ankylose <Xpage=59>

An"ky*lose (#) , v. t. & i. Same as Anchylose .

Ankylosis <Xpage=59>

An`ky*lo"sis (#) , n. Same as Anchylosis .

Anlace <Xpage=59>

An"lace (#) , n. [Origin unknown.] A broad dagger formerly worn at the girdle. [Written also anelace .]

Ann, Annat <Xpage=59>

Ann (#) , An"nat (#) , n. [LL. annata income of a year, also, of half a year, fr. L. annus year: cf. F. annate annats.] (Scots Law) A half years's stipend, over and above what is owing for the incumbency, due to a minister's heirs after his decease.

Anna <Xpage=59>

An"na (#) , n. [Hindi \'ben\'be .] An East Indian money of account, the sixteenth of a rupee, or about 2<?/ cents.

Annal <Xpage=59>

An"nal (#) , n. See Annals .

Annalist <Xpage=59>

An"nal*ist , n. [Cf. F. annaliste .] A writer of annals.

The monks . . . were the only annalists in those ages. Hume.

Annalistic <Xpage=59>

An`nal*is"tic (#) , a. Pertaining to, or after the manner of, an annalist; as, the dry annalistic style . " A stiff annalistic method."

Sir G. C. Lewis.

Annalize <Xpage=59>

An"nal*ize (#) , v. t. To record in annals.

Sheldon.

Annals <Xpage=59>

An"nals (#) , n. pl. [L. annalis (sc. liber ), and more frequently in the pl. annales (sc. libri ), chronicles, fr. annus year. Cf. Annual .] 1. A relation of events in chronological order, each event being recorded under the year in which it happened. " Annals the revolution." Macaulay . "The annals of our religion." Rogers .

2. Historical records; chronicles; history.

The short and simple annals of the poor. Gray.

It was one of the most critical periods in our annals . Burke.

3. sing. The record of a single event or item. "In deathless annal ."

Young.

4. A periodic publication, containing records of discoveries, transactions of societies, etc.; as " Annals of Science."

Syn. -- History. See History .

Annats, Annates <Xpage=59>

An"nats (#) , An"nates (#) , n. pl. [See Ann .] (Eccl. Law) The first year's profits of a spiritual preferment, anciently paid by the clergy to the pope; first fruits. In England, they now form a fund for the augmentation of poor livings.

Anneal <Xpage=59>

An*neal" (#) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Annealed (#) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Annealing .] [OE. anelen to heat, burn, AS. an<?/lan ; an on + <?/lan to burn; also OE. anelen to enamel, prob. influenced by OF. neeler , nieler , to put a black enamel on gold or silver, F. nieller , fr. LL. nigellare to blacken, fr. L. nigellus blackish, dim. of niger black. Cf. Niello , Negro .] 1. To subject to great heat, and then cool slowly, as glass, cast iron, steel, or other metal, for the purpose of rendering it less brittle; to temper; to toughen.

2. To heat, as glass, tiles, or earthenware, in order to fix the colors laid on them.

Annealer <Xpage=59>

An*neal"er (#) , n. One who, or that which, anneals.

Annealing <Xpage=59>

An*neal"ing , n. 1. The process used to render glass, iron, etc., less brittle, performed by allowing them to cool very gradually from a high heat.

2. The burning of metallic colors into glass, earthenware, etc.

Annectent <Xpage=59>

An*nec"tent (#) , a. [L. annectere to tie or bind to. See Annex .] Connecting; annexing.

Owen.

Annelid, Annelidan <Xpage=59>

An`ne*lid (#) , An*nel"i*dan (#) , a. [F. ann\'82lide , fr. anneler to arrange in rings, OF. anel a ring, fr. L. anellus a ring, dim. of annulus a ring.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Annelida. -- n. One of the Annelida.

Annelida <Xpage=59>

An*nel"i*da (#) , n. pl. [NL. See Annelid .] (Zo\'94l.) A division of the Articulata, having the body formed of numerous rings or annular segments, and without jointed legs. The principal subdivisions are the Ch\'91topoda , including the Oligoch\'91ta or earthworms and Polych\'91ta or marine worms; and the Hirudinea or leeches. See Ch\'91topoda .

Annelidous <Xpage=59>

An*nel"i*dous (#) , a. (Zo\'94l.) Of the nature of an annelid.

Annellata <Xpage=59>

An`nel*la"ta (#) , n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) See Annelida .

Anneloid <Xpage=59>

An"ne*loid (#) , n. [F. annel\'82 ringed + -oid .] (Zo\'94l.) An animal resembling an annelid.

Annex <Xpage=59>

An*nex" (#) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Annexed (#) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Annexing .] [F. annexer , fr. L. annexus , p. p. of annectere to tie or bind to; ad + nectere to tie, to fasten together, akin to Skr. nah to bind.] 1. To join or attach; usually to subjoin; to affix; to append; -- followed by to . "He annexed a codicil to a will."

Johnson.

2. To join or add, as a smaller thing to a greater.

He annexed a province to his kingdom. Johnson.

3. To attach or connect, as a consequence, condition, etc.; as, to annex a penalty to a prohibition, or punishment to guilt .

Syn. -- To add; append; affix; unite; coalesce. See Add .

Annex <Xpage=59>

An*nex" , v. i. To join; to be united.

Tooke.

Annex <Xpage=59>

An*nex" (#) , n. [F. annexe , L. annexus , neut. annexum , p. p. of annectere .] Something annexed or appended; as, an additional stipulation to a writing, a subsidiary building to a main building; a wing.

Annexation <Xpage=59>

An`nex*a"tion (#) , n. [Cf. F. annexation . See Annex , v. t. ] 1. The act of annexing; process of attaching, adding, or appending; the act of connecting; union; as, the annexation of Texas to the United States, or of chattels to the freehold .

2. (a) (Law) The union of property with a freehold so as to become a fixture. Bouvier . (b) (Scots Law) The appropriation of lands or rents to the crown.

Wharton.

Annexationist <Xpage=59>

An`nex*a"tion*ist , n. One who favors annexation.

Annexer <Xpage=59>

An*nex"er (#) , n. One who annexes.

Annexion <Xpage=59>

An*nex"ion (#) , n. [L. annexio a tying to, connection: cf. F. annexion .] Annexation. [R.]

Shak.

Annexionist <Xpage=59>

An*nex"ion*ist , n. An annexationist. [R.]

Annexment <Xpage=59>

An*nex"ment (#) , n. The act of annexing, or the thing annexed; appendage. [R.]

Shak.

Annihilable <Xpage=59>

An*ni"hi*la*ble (#) , a. Capable of being annihilated.

Annihilate <Xpage=59>

An*ni"hi*late (#) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Annihilated ; p. pr. & vb. n. Annihilating .] [L. annihilare ; ad + nihilum , nihil , nothing, ne hilum ( filum ) not a thread, nothing at all. Cf. File , a row.] 1. To reduce to nothing or nonexistence; to destroy the existence of; to cause to cease to be.

It impossible for any body to be utterly annihilated . Bacon.

2. To destroy the form or peculiar distinctive properties of, so that the specific thing no longer exists; as, to annihilate a forest by cutting down the trees . "To annihilate the army."

Macaulay.

3. To destroy or eradicate, as a property or attribute of a thing; to make of no effect; to destroy the force, etc., of; as, to annihilate an argument, law, rights, goodness .

Annihilate <Xpage=59>

An*ni"hi*late (#) , a. Anhilated. [Archaic]

Swift.

Annihilation <Xpage=59>

An*ni`hi*la"tion (#) , n. [Cf. F. annihilation .] 1. The act of reducing to nothing, or nonexistence; or the act of destroying the form or combination of parts under which a thing exists, so that the name can no longer be applied to it; as, the annihilation of a corporation .

2. The state of being annihilated.

Hooker.

Annihilationist <Xpage=59>

An*ni`hi*la"tion*ist , n. (Theol.) One who believes that eternal punishment consists in annihilation or extinction of being; a destructionist.

Annihilative <Xpage=59>

An*ni"hi*la*tive (#) , a. Serving to annihilate; destructive.

Annihilator <Xpage=59>

An*ni"hi*la`tor (#) , n. One who, or that which, annihilates; as, a fire annihilator .

Annihilatory <Xpage=59>

An*ni"hi*la*to*ry (#) , a. Annihilative.

Anniversarily <Xpage=59>

An`ni*ver"sa*ri*ly (#) , adv. Annually. [R.]

Bp. Hall.

Anniversary <Xpage=59>

An`ni*ver"sa*ry (#) , a. [L. anniversarius ; annus year + vertere , versum , to turn: cf. F. anniversaire .] Returning with the year, at a stated time; annual; yearly; as, an anniversary feast .

Anniversary day (R. C. Ch.) . See Anniversary , n. , 2. -- Anniversary week , that week in the year in which the annual meetings of religious and benevolent societies are held in Boston and New York. [Eastern U. S.]

Anniversary <Xpage=59>

An`ni*ver"sa*ry , n. ; pl. Anniversaries (#) . [Cf. F. anniversaire .] 1. The annual return of the day on which any notable event took place, or is wont to be celebrated; as, the anniversary of the Declaration of Independence .

2. (R. C. Ch.) The day on which Mass is said yearly for the soul of a deceased person; the commemoration of some sacred event, as the dedication of a church or the consecration of a pope.

3. The celebration which takes place on an anniversary day.

Dryden.

Anniverse <Xpage=59>

An"ni*verse (#) , n. [L. anni versus the turning of a year.] Anniversary. [Obs.]

Dryden.

Annodated <Xpage=59>

An"no*da`ted (#) , a. [L. ad to + nodus a knot.] (Her.) Curved somewhat in the form of the letter S.

Cussans.

Anno Domini <Xpage=59>

An"no Dom"i*ni (#) . [L., in the year of [our] Lord [Jesus Christ]; usually abbrev. a. d. ] In the year of the Christian era; as, a. d. 1887.

Annominate <Xpage=59>

An*nom"i*nate (#) , v. t. To name. [R.]

Annomination <Xpage=59>

An*nom`i*na"tion (#) , n. [L. annominatio . See Agnomination .] 1. Paronomasia; punning.

2. Alliteration. [Obs.]

Tyrwhitt.

Annotate <Xpage=59>

An"no*tate (#) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Annotated ; p. pr. & vb. n. Annotating .] [L. annotatus ; p. p. of annotare to annotate; ad + notare to mark, nota mark. See Note , n. ] To explain or criticize by notes; as, to annotate the works of Bacon .

Annotate <Xpage=59>

An"no*tate , v. i. To make notes or comments; -- with on or upon .

Annotation <Xpage=59>

An`no*ta"tion (#) , n. [L. annotatio : cf. F. annotation .] A note, added by way of comment, or explanation; -- usually in the plural; as, annotations on ancient authors, or on a word or a passage .

Annotationist <Xpage=59>

An`no*ta"tion*ist , n. An annotator. [R.]

Annotative <Xpage=59>

An"no*ta*tive (#) , a. Characterized by annotations; of the nature of annotation.

Annotator <Xpage=59>

An"no*ta`tor (#) , n. [L.] A writer of annotations; a commentator.

Annotatory <Xpage=59>

An*no"ta*to*ry (#) , a. Pertaining to an annotator; containing annotations. [R.]

Annotine <Xpage=59>

An"no*tine (#) , n. [L. annotinus a year old.] (Zo\'94l.) A bird one year old, or that has once molted.

Annotinous <Xpage=59>

An*not"i*nous (#) , a. [L. annotinus , fr. annus year.] (Bot.) A year old; in Yearly growths.

Annotto, Arnotto <Xpage=59>

An*not"to (#) , Ar*not"to (#) , n. [Perh. the native name.] A red or yellowish-red dyeing material, prepared from the pulp surrounding the seeds of a tree (Bixa orellana) belonging to the tropical regions of America. It is used for coloring cheese, butter, etc. [Written also Anatto , Anatta , Annatto , Annotta , etc.]

Announce <Xpage=59>