Chapter 675

Gold"finch` (?) , n. [AS. goldfinc . See Gold , and Finch .] (Zo\'94l.) (a) A beautiful bright-colored European finch ( Carduelis elegans ). The name refers to the large patch of yellow on the wings. The front of the head and throat are bright red; the nape, with part of the wings and tail, black; -- called also goldspink , goldie , fool's coat , drawbird , draw-water , thistle finch , and sweet William . (b) The yellow-hammer. (c) A small American finch ( Spinus tristis ); the thistle bird.

&hand; The name is also applied to other yellow finches, esp. to several additional American species of Spinus .

Goldfinny <Xpage=637>

Gold"fin`ny (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) One of two or more species of European labroid fishes ( Crenilabrus melops , and Ctenolabrus rupestris ); -- called also goldsinny , and goldney .

Goldfish <Xpage=637>

Gold"fish` (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A small domesticated cyprinoid fish ( Carassius auratus ); -- so named from its color. It is native of China, and is said to have been introduced into Europe in 1691. It is often kept as an ornament, in small ponds or glass globes. Many varieties are known. Called also golden fish , and golden carp . See Telescope fish , under Telescope . (b) A California marine fish of an orange or red color; the garibaldi.

Gold-hammer <Xpage=637>

Gold"-ham`mer (?) , n. The yellow-hammer.

Goldie <Xpage=637>

Gold"ie (?) , n. [From Gold .] (Zo\'94l.) (a) The European goldfinch. (b) The yellow-hammer.

Goldilocks <Xpage=637>

Gold"i*locks` (?) , n. Same as Goldylocks .

Goldin, Golding <Xpage=637>

Gold"in (?) , Gold"ing (?) , n. (Bot.) [From the golden color of the blossoms.] A conspicuous yellow flower, commonly the corn marigold ( Chrysanthemum segetum ). [This word is variously corrupted into gouland , gools , gowan , etc.]

Goldless <Xpage=637>

Gold"less (?) , a. Destitute of gold.

Goldney <Xpage=637>

Gold"ney (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) See Gilthead .

Goldseed <Xpage=637>

Gold"seed` (?) , n. (Bot.) Dog's-tail grass.

Goldsinny <Xpage=637>

Gold"sin`ny (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) See Goldfinny .

Goldsmith <Xpage=637>

Gold"smith` (?) , n. [AS. goldsmi<?/. See Gold ., and Smith .] 1. An artisan who manufactures vessels and ornaments, etc., of gold.

2. A banker. [Obs.]

&hand; The goldsmiths of London formerly received money on deposit because they were prepared to keep it safely.

Goldsmith beetle (Zo\'94l.) , a large, bright yellow, American beetle ( Cotalpa lanigera ), of the family Scarab\'91id\'91

Goldtit <Xpage=637>

Gold"tit` (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) See Verdin .

Goldylocks <Xpage=637>

Gold"y*locks` (?) , n. (Bot.) A plant of several species of the genus Chrysocoma ; -- so called from the tufts of yellow flowers which terminate the stems; also, the Ranunculus auricomus , a kind of buttercup.

Golet <Xpage=637>

Go"let (?) , n. The gullet. [Obs.]

Chaucer.

Golet <Xpage=637>

Go"let , n. (Zo\'94l.) A California trout. See Malma .

Golf <Xpage=637>

Golf (?) , n. [D. kolf club or bat, also a Dutch game played in an inclosed area with clubs and balls; akin to G. kolben club, but end, Icel. k<?/lfr tongue of a bell. bolt, Sw. kolf bolt, dart, but end, Dan. kolv bolt, arrow. Cf. Club , Globe .] A game played with a small ball and a bat or club crooked at the lower end. He who drives the ball into each of a series of small holes in the ground and brings it into the last hole with the fewest strokes is the winner. [Scot.]

Strutt.

Golfer <Xpage=637>

Golf"er (?) , n. One who plays golf. [Scot.]

Golgotha <Xpage=637>

Gol"go*tha (?) , n. Calvary. See the Note under Calvary .

Goliard <Xpage=637>

Gol"iard (?) , n. [From OF. goliart glutton, buffoon, riotous student, Goliard, LL. goliardus , prob. fr. L. gula throat. Cf. Gules .] A buffoon in the Middle Ages, who attended rich men's tables to make sport for the guests by ribald stories and songs.

Goliardery <Xpage=637>

Gol"iard*er*y (?) , n. The satirical or ribald poetry of the Goliards.

Milman.

Goliath beetle <Xpage=637>

Go*li"ath bee"tle (?) . [From Goliath , the Philistine giant.] (Zo\'94l.) Any species of Goliathus , a genus of very large and handsome African beetles.

Goll <Xpage=637>

Goll (?) , n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A hand, paw, or claw. [Obs.]

Sir P. Sidney. B. Jonson.

Goloe-shoe <Xpage=637>

Go*loe"-shoe` (?) , n. A galoche.

Golore <Xpage=637>

Go*lore" (?) , n. See Galore .

Goloshe <Xpage=637>

Go*loshe" (?) , n. See Galoche .

Goltschut <Xpage=637>

Golt"schut (?) , n. 1. A small ingot of gold.

2. A silver ingot, used in Japan as money.

Golyardeys <Xpage=637>

Gol"yard*eys (?) , n. A buffoon. See Gollard . [Obs.]

Chaucer.

Goman <Xpage=637>

Go"man (?) , n. [Prob. fr. good man ; but cf. also AS. gumman a man, OHG. gomman man, husband.] A husband; a master of a family. [Obs.]

Gomarist, Gomarite <Xpage=637>

Go"mar*ist (?) , Go"mar*ite (?) , n. (Eccl.-Hist.) One of the followers of Francis Gomar or Gomarus , a Dutch disciple of Calvin in the 17th century, who strongly opposed the Arminians.

Gombo <Xpage=637>

Gom"bo (?) , n. See Gumbo .

Gome <Xpage=637>

Gome (?) , n. [AS. guma ; akin to Goth. guma , L. homo . See Bridegroom .] A man. [Obs.]

P. Plowman.

Gome <Xpage=637>

Gome , n. [Cf. Icel. gormr ooze, mud.] The black grease on the axle of a cart or wagon wheel; -- called also gorm . See Gorm . [Prov. Eng.]

Gomer <Xpage=637>

Go"mer (?) , n. A Hebrew measure. See Homer .

Gomer <Xpage=637>

Go"mer , n. (Gun.) A conical chamber at the breech of the bore in heavy ordnance, especially in mortars; -- named after the inventor.

Gommelin <Xpage=637>

Gom"me*lin (?) , n. [F. gommeline , from gomme gum.] (Chem.) See Dextrin .

Gomphiasis <Xpage=637>

Gom*phi"a*sis (?) , n. [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ toothache or gnashing of teeth, fr. <?/ a grinder tooth, from <?/ a bolt.] (Med.) A disease of the teeth, which causes them to loosen and fall out of their sockets.

Gomphosis <Xpage=637>

Gom*pho"sis (?) , n. [NL., fr. Gr. <?/, prop., a bolting together, fr. <?/ to fasten with bolts or nails, <?/ bolt, nail: cf. F. gomphose .] (Anat.) A form of union or immovable articulation where a hard part is received into the cavity of a bone, as the teeth into the jaws.

Gomuti <Xpage=637>

Go*mu"ti (?) , n. [Malayan gumuti .] A black, fibrous substance resembling horsehair, obtained from the leafstalks of two kinds of palms, Metroxylon Sagu , and Arenga saccharifera , of the Indian islands. It is used for making cordage. Called also ejoo .

Gon <Xpage=637>

Gon (?) , imp. & p. p. of Go . [Obs.]

Chaucer.

Gonad <Xpage=637>

Gon"ad (?) , n. ; pl. Gonads (#) . [Gr. <?/ that which generates.] (Anat.) One of the masses of generative tissue primitively alike in both sexes, but giving rise to either an ovary or a testis; a generative gland; a germ gland.

Wiedersheim.

Gonakie <Xpage=637>

Go"na*kie (?) , n. (Bot.) An African timber tree ( Acacia Adansonii ).

Gonangium <Xpage=637>

Go`nan*gi"um (?) , n. ; pl. L. Gonangia (#) , E. Gonangiums (#) . [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ offspring + <?/ vessel.] (Zo\'94l.) See Gonotheca .

Gondola <Xpage=637>

Gon"do*la (?) , n. [It., dim. of gonda a gondola; cf. LL. gandeia a kind of boat, Gr. <?/ a drinking vessel; said to be a Persian word; cf. F. gondole gondola, cup.]

1. A long, narrow boat with a high prow and stern, used in the canals of Venice. A gondola is usually propelled by one or two oarsmen who stand facing the prow, or by poling. A gondola for passengers has a small open cabin amidships, for their protection against the sun or rain. A sumptuary law of Venice required that gondolas should be painted black, and they are customarily so painted now.

2. A flat-bottomed boat for freight. [U. S.]

3. A long platform car, either having no sides or with very low sides, used on railroads. [U. S.]

Gondolet <Xpage=637>

Gon"do*let (?) , n. [It. gondoletta , dim. of gondola .] A small gondola.

T. Moore.

Gondolier <Xpage=637>

Gon`do*lier" (?) , n. [It. gondoliere : cf. F. gondolier .] A man who rows a gondola.

Gone <Xpage=637>

Gone (?) , p. p. of Go .

Goneness <Xpage=637>

Gone"ness , n. A state of exhaustion; faintness, especially as resulting from hunger. [Colloq. U. S.]

Gonfalon, Gonfanon <Xpage=637>

Gon"fa*lon (?) , Gon"fa*non (?) , n. [OE. gonfanoun , OF. gonfanon , F. gonfalon , the same word as F. confalon , name of a religious brotherhood, fr. OHG. gundfano war flag; gund war (used in comp., and akin to AS. g\'d4\'eb ) + fano cloth, flag; akin to E. vane ; cf. AS. g\'d4\'ebfana . See Vane , and cf. Confalon .] 1. The ensign or standard in use by certain princes or states, such as the medi\'91val republics of Italy, and in more recent times by the pope.

2. A name popularly given to any flag which hangs from a crosspiece or frame instead of from the staff or the mast itself.

Standards and gonfalons , 'twixt van and rear, Stream in the air. Milton .

<page="638"> Page 638

Gonfalonier <Xpage=638>

Gon`fa*lon*ier" (?) , n. [F. gonfalonier : cf. It. gonfaloniere .] He who bears the gonfalon; a standard bearer ; as: (a) An officer at Rome who bears the standard of the Church . (b) The chief magistrate of any one of several republics in medi\'91veal Italy . (c) A Turkish general, and standard keeper.

Gong <Xpage=638>

Gong (?) , n. [AS. gong , gang , a going, passage, drain. See Gang .] A privy or jakes. [Obs.]

Chaucer.

Gong farmer , Gong man , a cleaner of privies. [Obs.]

Gong <Xpage=638>

Gong , n. 1. [Malayan (Jav.) g&omac;ng .] An instrument, first used in the East, made of an alloy of copper and tin, shaped like a disk with upturned rim, and producing, when struck, a harsh and resounding noise.

O'er distant deserts sounds the Tartar gong . Longfellow.

2. (Mach.) A flat saucerlike bell, rung by striking it with a small hammer which is connected with it by various mechanical devices; a stationary bell, used to sound calls or alarms; -- called also gong bell .

Gong metal , an alloy (78 parts of copper, 22 of tin), from which Oriental gongs are made.

Goniatite <Xpage=638>

Go"ni*a*tite (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ angle.] (Paleon.) One of an extinct genus of fossil cephalopods, allied to the Ammonites. The earliest forms are found in the Devonian formation, the latest, in the Triassic.

Gonidial <Xpage=638>

Go*nid"i*al (?) , a. (Bot.) Pertaining to, or containing, gonidia.

Gonidial <Xpage=638>

Go*nid"i*al , a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the angles of the mouth; as, a gonidial groove of an actinian .

Gonidium <Xpage=638>

Go*nid"i*um (?) , n. [NL., fr. Gr. <?/, dim. of <?/ angle.] (Zool.) A special groove or furrow at one or both angles of the mouth of many Anthozoa.

Gonidium <Xpage=638>

Go*nid"i*um , n. ; pl. Gonidia (#) . [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ that which generates.] (Bot.) A component cell of the yellowish green layer in certain lichens.

Gonimia <Xpage=638>

Go*nim"i*a (?) , n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ productive, fr. <?/ that which generates.] (Bot.) Bluish green granules which occur in certain lichens, as Collema , Peltigera , etc., and which replace the more usual gonidia.

Gonimous <Xpage=638>

Gon"i*mous (?) , a. (Bot.) Pertaining to, or containing, gonidia or gonimia, as that part of a lichen which contains the green or chlorophyll-bearing cells.

Goniometer <Xpage=638>

Go`ni*om"e*ter (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ angle + -meter : cf. F. goniom\'8atre .] An instrument for measuring angles, especially the angles of crystals, or the inclination of planes.

Contact, &or; Hand , goniometer , a goniometer having two movable arms ( ab , cd ), between which (at ab ) the faces of the crystals are placed. These arms turn about a fixed point, which is the center of the graduated circle or semicircle upon which the angle is read off. -- Reflecting goniometer , an instrument for measuring the angles of crystals by determining through what angular space the crystal must be turned so that two rays reflected from two surfaces successively shall have the same direction; -- called also Wollaston's goniometer , from the inventor.

Goniometric, Goniometrical <Xpage=638>

Go`ni*o*met"ric (?) , Go`ni*o*met"ric*al (<?/) , a. Pertaining to, or determined by means of, a goniometer; trigonometric.

Goniometry <Xpage=638>

Go`ni*om"e*try (?) , n. [Cf. F. goniom\'82trie .] (Math.) The art of measuring angles; trigonometry.

Gonoblastid <Xpage=638>

Gon`o*blas"tid (?) , n. [See Gonoblastidium .] (Zo\'94l.) A reproductive bud of a hydroid; a simple gonophore.

Gonoblastidium <Xpage=638>

Gon`o*blas*tid"i*um (?) , n. ; pl. Gonoblastidia (#) . [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ offspring + <?/ to bud.] (Zo\'94l.) A blastostyle.

Gonocalyx <Xpage=638>

Gon`o*ca"lyx (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ offspring + E. calyx ,] (Zo\'94l.) The bell of a sessile gonozooid.

Gonochorism <Xpage=638>

Gon`o*cho"rism (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ offspring + <?/ to separate.] (a) Separation of the sexes in different individuals; -- opposed to hermaphroditism . (b) In ontogony, differentiation of male and female individuals from embryos having the same rudimentary sexual organs. (c) In phylogeny, the evolution of distinct sexes in species previously hermaphrodite or sexless.

Gonococcus <Xpage=638>

Gon`o*coc"cus (?) , n. [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ semen, the genitals + NL. & E. coccus .] (Med.) A vegetable micro\'94rganism of the genus Micrococcus , occurring in the secretion in gonorrhea. It is believed by some to constitute the cause of this disease. <-- now Neisseria gonnorrhoeae -->

Gonoph <Xpage=638>

Gon"oph (?) , n. [Perh. fr. Heb. gann\'bebh thief.] A pickpocket or thief. [Eng. Slang] <-- also ganef, gonif, goniff -->

Dickens.

Gonophore <Xpage=638>

Gon"o*phore (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ offspring, seed + <?/ to bear.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) A sexual zooid produced as a medusoid bud upon a hydroid, sometimes becoming a free hydromedusa, sometimes remaining attached. See Hydroidea , and Illusts . of Athecata , Campanularian , and Gonosome .

2. (Bot.) A lengthened receptacle, bearing the stamens and carpels in a conspicuous manner.

Gonorrhea, Gonorrh\'d2a <Xpage=638>

Gon`or*rhe"a , Gon`or*rh\'d2"a (?) , n. [L. gonorrhoea , Gr. <?/; <?/ that which begets, semen, the genitals + <?/ to flow: cf. F. gonorrh\'82e .] (Med.) A contagious inflammatory disease of the genitourinary tract, affecting especially the urethra and vagina, and characterized by a mucopurulent discharge, pain in urination, and chordee; clap.

Gonorrheal, Gonorrh\'d2al <Xpage=638>

Gon`or*rhe"al , Gon`or*rh\'d2"al (?) , a. (Med.) Of or pertaining to gonorrhea; as, gonorrheal rheumatism .

Gonosome <Xpage=638>

Gon"o*some (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ offspring + -some body.] (Zo\'94l.) The reproductive zooids of a hydroid colony, collectively.

Gonotheca <Xpage=638>

Gon`o*the"ca (?) , n. ; pl. Gonothec<?/ (#) . [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ offspring + <?/ box.] (Zo\'94l.) A capsule developed on certain hydroids ( Thecaphora ), inclosing the blastostyle upon which the medusoid buds or gonophores are developed; -- called also gonangium , and teleophore . See Hydroidea , and Illust . of Campanularian .

Gonozooid <Xpage=638>

Gon`o*zo"oid (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ offspring + E. zooid .] (Zo\'94l.) A sexual zooid, or medusoid bud of a hydroid; a gonophore. See Hydroidea , and Illust . of Campanularian .

Gonydial <Xpage=638>

Go*nyd"i*al (?) , a. (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the gonys of a bird's beak.

Gonys <Xpage=638>

Go"nys (?) , n. [Cf. Genys .] (Zo\'94l.) The keel or lower outline of a bird's bill, so far as the mandibular rami are united.

Goober <Xpage=638>

Goo"ber (?) , n. A peanut. [Southern U. S.]

Good <Xpage=638>

Good (?) , a. [ Compar. Better (?) ; superl. Best (?) . These words, though used as the comparative and superlative of good , are from a different root.] [AS. G&omac;d , akin to D. goed , OS. g&omac;d , OHG. guot , G. gut , Icel. g&omac;&edh;r , Sw. & Dan. god , Goth. g&omac;ds ; prob. orig., fitting, belonging together, and akin to E. gather . &root;29 Cf. Gather .]

1. Possessing desirable qualities; adapted to answer the end designed; promoting success, welfare, or happiness; serviceable; useful; fit; excellent; admirable; commendable; not bad, corrupt, evil, noxious, offensive, or troublesome, etc.

And God saw everything that he had made, and behold, it was very good . Gen. i. 31.

Good company, good wine, good welcome. Shak.

2. Possessing moral excellence or virtue; virtuous; pious; religious; -- said of persons or actions.

In all things showing thyself a pattern of good works. Tit. ii. 7.