Chapter 67

An`gwan*ti"bo (#) , n. (Zo\'94l.) A small lemuroid mammal ( Arctocebus Calabarensis ) of Africa. It has only a rudimentary tail.

Anhang <Xpage=58>

An*hang" (#) , v. t. [AS. onhangian .] To hang. [Obs.]

Chaucer.

Anharmonic <Xpage=58>

An`har*mon"ic (#) , a. [F. anharmonique , fr. Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ harmonic.] (Math.) Not harmonic.

The anharmonic function or ratio of four points abcd on a straight line is the quantity ( ac/ad ):( bc/bd ) , where the segments are to regarded as plus or minus, according to the order of the letters.

Anhelation <Xpage=58>

An`he*la"tion (#) , n. [L. anhelatio , fr. anhelare to pant; an (perh. akin to E. on ) + halare to breathe: cf. F. anh\'82lation .] Short and rapid breathing; a panting; asthma.

Glanvill.

Anhele <Xpage=58>

An*hele" (#) , v. i. [Cf. OF. aneler , anheler . See Anhelation .] To pant; to be breathlessly anxious or eager ( for ). [Obs.]

They anhele . . . for the fruit of our convocation. Latimer.

Anhelose <Xpage=58>

An"he*lose (#) , a. Anhelous; panting. [R.]

Anhelous <Xpage=58>

An*he"lous (#) , a. [L. anhelus .] Short of breath; panting.

Anhima <Xpage=58>

An"hi*ma (#) , n. [Brazilian name.] A South American aquatic bird; the horned screamer or kamichi ( Palamedea cornuta ). See Kamichi .

Anhinga <Xpage=58>

An*hin"ga (#) , n. [Pg.] (Zo\'94l.) An aquatic bird of the southern United States (Platus anhinga) ; the darter, or snakebird.

Anhistous <Xpage=58>

An*his"tous (#) , a. [Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ web, tissue: cf. F. anhiste .] (Biol.) Without definite structure; as, an anhistous membrane .

Anhungered <Xpage=58>

An*hun"gered (#) , a. Ahungered; longing. [Archaic]

Anhydride <Xpage=58>

An*hy"dride (#) , n. [See Anhydrous .] (Chem.) An oxide of a nonmetallic body or an organic radical, capable of forming an acid by uniting with the elements of water; -- so called because it may be formed from an acid by the abstraction of water.

Anhydrite <Xpage=58>

An*hy"drite (#) , n. [See Anhydrous .] (Min.) A mineral of a white a slightly bluish color, usually massive. It is anhydrous sulphate of lime, and differs from gypsum in not containing water (whence the name).

Anhydrous <Xpage=58>

An*hy"drous (#) , a. [Gr. <?/ wanting water; <?/ priv. + <?/ water.] Destitute of water; as, anhydrous salts or acids .

Ani or Ano <Xpage=58>

A"ni (#) or A"no (#) , n. [Native name.] (Zo\'94l.) A black bird of tropical America, the West Indies and Florida (Crotophaga ani) , allied to the cuckoos, and remarkable for communistic nesting.

Anicut, Annicut <Xpage=58>

An"i*cut , An"ni*cut (#) , n. [Tamil anai kattu dam building.] A dam or mole made in the course of a stream for the purpose of regulating the flow of a system of irrigation. [India]

Brande & C.

Anidimatical <Xpage=58>

An*id`i*mat"ic*al (#) , a. [Gr. <?/ priv. + E. idiomatical .] Not idiomatic. [R.]

Landor.

Anient, Anientise <Xpage=58>

An"i*ent , An`i*en"tise (#) , v. t. [OF. anientir , F. an\'82antir .] To frustrate; to bring to naught; to annihilate. [Obs.]

Chaucer.

Anigh <Xpage=58>

A*nigh" (#) , prep. & adv. [Pref. a- + nigh .] Nigh. [Archaic]

Anight, Anights <Xpage=58>

A*night" (#) , A*nights" (#) , adv. [OE. on niht .] In the night time; at night. [Archaic]

Does he hawk anights still? Marston.

Anil <Xpage=58>

An"il (#) , n. [F. anil , Sp. an\'c6l , or Pg. anil ; all fr. Ar. an - n\'c6l , for al - n\'c6l the indigo plant, fr. Skr. n\'c6la dark blue, n\'c6l\'c6 indigo, indigo plant. Cf. Lilac .] (Bot.) A West Indian plant (Indigofera anil) , one of the original sources of indigo; also, the indigo dye.

Anile <Xpage=58>

An"ile (#) , a. [L. anilis , fr. anus an old woman.] Old-womanish; imbecile. " Anile ideas."

Walpole.

Anileness <Xpage=58>

An"ile*ness (#) , n. Anility. [R.]

Anilic <Xpage=58>

An*il"ic (#) , a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or obtained from, anil; indigotic; -- applied to an acid formed by the action of nitric acid on indigo. [R.]

Anilide <Xpage=58>

An"i*lide (#) , n. (Chem.) One of a class of compounds which may be regarded as amides in which more or less of the hydrogen has been replaced by phenyl.

Aniline <Xpage=58>

An"i*line (?; 277) , n. [See Anil .] (Chem.) An organic base belonging to the phenylamines. It may be regarded as ammonia in which one hydrogen atom has been replaced by the radical phenyl. It is a colorless, oily liquid, originally obtained from indigo by distillation, but now largely manufactured from coal tar or nitrobenzene as a base from which many brilliant dyes are made.

Aniline <Xpage=58>

An"i*line , a. Made from, or of the nature of, aniline.

Anility <Xpage=58>

A*nil"i*ty (#) , n. [L. anilitas . See Anile .] The state of being and old woman; old-womanishness; dotage. "Marks of anility ."

Sterne.

Animadversal <Xpage=58>

An`i*mad*ver"sal (#) , n. The faculty of perceiving; a percipient. [Obs.]

Dr. H. More.

Animadversion <Xpage=58>

An`i*mad*ver"sion (#) , n. [L. animadversio , fr. animadvertere : cf. F. animadversion . See Animadvert .] 1. The act or power of perceiving or taking notice; direct or simple perception. [Obs.]

The soul is the sole percipient which hath animadversion and sense, properly so called. Glanvill.

2. Monition; warning. [Obs.]

Clarendon.

3. Remarks by way of criticism and usually of censure; adverse criticism; reproof; blame.

He dismissed their commissioners with severe and sharp animadversions . Clarendon.

4. Judicial cognizance of an offense; chastisement; punishment. [Archaic] "Divine animadversions."

Wesley.

Syn. -- Stricture; criticism; censure; reproof; blame; comment.

Animadversive <Xpage=58>

An`i*mad*ver"sive (#) , a. Having the power of perceiving; percipient. [Archaic]

Glanvill.

I do not mean there is a certain number of ideas glaring and shining to the animadversive faculty. Coleridge.

Animadvert <Xpage=58>

An`i*mad*vert" (#) , v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Animadverted ; p. pr. & vb. n. Animadverting .] [L. animadvertere ; animus mind + advertere to turn to; ad to + vertere to turn.] 1. To take notice; to observe; -- commonly followed by that .

Dr. H. More.

2. To consider or remark by way of criticism or censure; to express censure; -- with on or upon .

I should not animadvert on him . . . if he had not used extreme severity in his judgment of the incomparable Shakespeare. Dryden.

3. To take cognizance judicially; to inflict punishment. [Archaic]

Grew.

Syn. -- To remark; comment; criticise; censure.

Animadverter <Xpage=58>

An`i*mad*vert"er (#) , n. One who animadverts; a censurer; also [Obs.] , a chastiser.

Animal <Xpage=58>

An"i*mal (#) , n. [L., fr. anima breath, soul: cf. F. animal . See Animate .] 1. An organized living being endowed with sensation and the power of voluntary motion, and also characterized by taking its food into an internal cavity or stomach for digestion; by giving carbonic acid to the air and taking oxygen in the process of respiration; and by increasing in motive power or active aggressive force with progress to maturity.

2. One of the lower animals; a brute or beast, as distinguished from man; as, men and animals .

Animal <Xpage=58>

An"i*mal , a. [Cf. F. animal .] 1. Of or relating to animals; as, animal functions .

2. Pertaining to the merely sentient part of a creature, as distinguished from the intellectual, rational, or spiritual part; as, the animal passions or appetites .

3. Consisting of the flesh of animals; as, animal food .

Animal magnetism . See Magnetism and Mesmerism . -- Animal electricity , the electricity developed in some animals, as the electric eel, torpedo, etc. -- Animal flower (Zo\'94l.) , a name given to certain marine animals resembling a flower, as any species of actinia or sea anemone, and other Anthozoa, hydroids, starfishes, etc. -- Animal heat (Physiol.) , the heat generated in the body of a living animal, by means of which the animal is kept at nearly a uniform temperature. -- Animal spirits . See under Spirit . -- Animal kingdom , the whole class of beings endowed with animal life. It embraces several subkingdoms, and under these there are Classes, Orders, Families, Genera, Species, and sometimes intermediate groupings, all in regular subordination, but variously arranged by different writers. The following are the grand divisions, or subkingdoms, and the principal classes under them, generally recognized at the present time: -

Vertebrata , including Mammalia or Mammals , Aves or Birds , Reptilia , Amphibia , Pisces or Fishes , Marsipobranchiata ( Craniota ); and Leptocardia ( Acrania ).

Tunicata , including the Thaliacea , and Ascidioidea or Ascidians .

Articulata or Annulosa , including Insecta , Myriapoda , Malacapoda , Arachnida , Pycnogonida , Merostomata , Crustacea ( Arthropoda ); and Annelida , Gehyrea ( Anarthropoda ).

Helminthes or Vermes , including Rotifera , Ch\'91tognatha , Nematoidea , Acanthocephala , Nemertina , Turbellaria , Trematoda , Cestoidea , Mesozea .

Molluscoidea , including Brachiopoda and Bryozoa .

Mollusca , including Cephalopoda , Gastropoda , Pteropoda , Scaphopoda , Lamellibranchiata or Acephala .

Echinodermata , including Holothurioidea , Echinoidea , Asterioidea , Ophiuroidea , and Crinoidea .

C\'d2lenterata , including Anthozoa or Polyps , Ctenophora , and Hydrozoa or Acalephs .

Spongiozoa or Porifera , including the sponges.

Protozoa , including Infusoria and Rhizopoda .

For definitions, see these names in the Vocabulary.

Animalcular, Animalculine <Xpage=58>

An`i*mal"cu*lar (#) , An`i*mal"cu*line (#) , a. Of, pertaining to, or resembling, animalcules. " Animalcular life."

Tyndall.

Animalcule <Xpage=58>

An`i*mal"cule (#) , n. [As if fr. a L. animalculum , dim. of animal .] 1. A small animal, as a fly, spider, etc. [Obs.]

Ray.

2. (Zo\'94l.) An animal, invisible, or nearly so, to the naked eye. See Infusoria .

&hand; Many of the so-called animalcules have been shown to be plants, having locomotive powers something like those of animals. Among these are Volvox , the Desmidiac\'91 , and the siliceous Diatomace\'91 .

Spermatic animalcules . See Spermatozoa .

Animalculism <Xpage=58>

An`i*mal"cu*lism (#) , n. [Cf. F. animalculisme .] (Biol.) The theory which seeks to explain certain physiological and pathological by means of animalcules.

Animalculist <Xpage=58>

An`i*mal"cu*list (#) , n. [Cf. F. animalculiste .] 1. One versed in the knowledge of animalcules.

Keith.

2. A believer in the theory of animalculism.

Animalculum <Xpage=58>

An`i*mal"cu*lum (#) , n. ; pl. Animalcula (#) . [NL. See Animalcule .] An animalcule.

&hand; Animalcul\'91 , as if from a Latin singular animalcula , is a barbarism.

Animalish <Xpage=58>

An"i*mal*ish (#) , a. Like an animal.

Animalism <Xpage=58>

An"i*mal*ism (#) , n. [Cf. F. animalisme .] The state, activity, or enjoyment of animals; mere animal life without intellectual or moral qualities; sensuality.

Animality <Xpage=58>

An`i*mal"i*ty (#) , n. [Cf. F. animalit\'82 .] Animal existence or nature.

Locke.

Animalization <Xpage=58>

An`i*mal*i*za"tion (#) , n. [Cf. F. animalisation .] 1. The act of animalizing; the giving of animal life, or endowing with animal properties.

2. Conversion into animal matter by the process of assimilation.

Owen.

Animalize <Xpage=58>

An"i*mal*ize (#) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Animalized (#) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Animalizing .] [Cf. F. animaliser .] 1. To endow with the properties of an animal; to represent in animal form.

Warburton.

2. To convert into animal matter by the processes of assimilation.

3. To render animal or sentient; to reduce to the state of a lower animal; to sensualize.

The unconscious irony of the Epicurean poet on the animalizing tendency of his own philosophy. Coleridge.

Animally <Xpage=58>

An"i*mal*ly , adv. Physically.

G. Eliot.

Animalness <Xpage=58>

An"i*mal*ness , n. Animality. [R.]

Animastic <Xpage=58>

An`i*mas"tic (#) , a. [L. anima breath, life.] Pertaining to mind or spirit; spiritual.

Animastic <Xpage=58>

An`i*mas"tic , n. Psychology. [Obs.]

Animate <Xpage=58>

An"i*mate (#) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Animated ; p. pr. & vb. n. Animating .] [L. animatus , p. p. of animare , fr. anima breath, soul; akin to animus soul, mind, Gr. <?/ wind, Skr. an to breathe, live, Goth. us - anan to expire ( us- out), Icel. \'94nd breath, anda to breathe, OHG. ando anger. Cf. Animal .] 1. To give natural life to; to make alive; to quicken; as, the soul animates the body .

2. To give powers to, or to heighten the powers or effect of; as, to animate a lyre .

Dryden.

3. To give spirit or vigor to; to stimulate or incite; to inspirit; to rouse; to enliven.

The more to animate the people, he stood on high . . . and cried unto them with a loud voice. Knolles.

Syn. -- To enliven; inspirit; stimulate; exhilarate; inspire; instigate; rouse; urge; cheer; prompt; incite; quicken; gladden.

Animate <Xpage=58>

An"i*mate (#) , a. [L. animatus , p. p.] Endowed with life; alive; living; animated; lively.

The admirable structure of animate bodies. Bentley.

Animated <Xpage=58>

An"i*ma`ted (#) , a. Endowed with life; full of life or spirit; indicating animation; lively; vigorous. " Animated sounds." Pope . " Animated bust." Gray . " Animated descriptions." Lewis .

Animatedly <Xpage=58>

An"i*ma`ted*ly , adv. With animation.

Animater <Xpage=58>

An"i*ma`ter (#) , n. One who animates.

De Quincey.

Animating <Xpage=58>

An"i*ma"ting , a. Causing animation; life-giving; inspiriting; rousing. " Animating cries." Pope . -- An"i*ma`ting*ly , adv.

Animation <Xpage=58>

An`i*ma"tion (#) , n. [L. animatio , fr. animare .] 1. The act of animating, or giving life or spirit; the state of being animate or alive.

The animation of the same soul quickening the whole frame. Bp. Hall.

Perhaps an inanimate thing supplies me, while I am speaking, with whatever I posses of animation . Landor.

2. The state of being lively, brisk, or full of spirit and vigor; vivacity; spiritedness; as, he recited the story with great animation .

Suspended animation , temporary suspension of the vital functions, as in persons nearly drowned.

Syn. -- Liveliness; vivacity; spirit; buoyancy; airiness; sprightliness; promptitude; enthusiasm; ardor; earnestness; energy. See Liveliness .

Animative <Xpage=58>

An"i*ma*tive (#) , a Having the power of giving life or spirit.

Johnson.

Animator <Xpage=58>

An"i*ma`tor (#) , n. [L. animare .] One who, or that which, animates; an animater.

Sir T. Browne.

Anim\'82 <Xpage=58>

A"ni*m\'82` (#) , a. [F., animated.] (Her.) Of a different tincture from the animal itself; -- said of the eyes of a rapacious animal.

Brande & C.

Anim\'82 <Xpage=58>

A"ni*m\'82 (#) , n. [F. anim\'82 animated (from the insects that are entrapped in it); or native name.] A resin exuding from a tropical American tree (Hymen\'91a courbaril) , and much used by varnish makers.

Ure.

Animism <Xpage=58>

An"i*mism (#) , n. [Cf. F. animisme , fr. L. anima soul. See Animate .] 1. The doctrine, taught by Stahl, that the soul is the proper principle of life and development in the body.

2. The belief that inanimate objects and the phenomena of nature are endowed with personal life or a living soul; also, in an extended sense, the belief in the existence of soul or spirit apart from matter.

Tylor.

Animist <Xpage=58>

An"i*mist (#) , n. [Cf. F. animiste .] One who maintains the doctrine of animism.

Animistic <Xpage=58>

An`i*mis"tic (#) , a. Of or pertaining to animism.

Huxley. Tylor.

Animose, Animous <Xpage=58>

An`i*mose" (#) , An"i*mous (#) , a. [L. animosus , fr. animus soul, spirit, courage.] Full of spirit; hot; vehement; resolute. [Obs.]

Ash.

Animoseness <Xpage=58>

An`i*mose"ness (#) , n. Vehemence of temper. [Obs.]

Animosity <Xpage=58>

An`i*mos"i*ty (#) , n. ; pl. Animosities (#) . [F. animosit\'82 , fr. L. animositas . See Animose , Animate , v. t. ] 1. Mere spiritedness or courage. [Obs.]

Skelton.

Such as give some proof of animosity , audacity, and execution, those she [the crocodile] loveth. Holland.

2. Violent hatred leading to active opposition; active enmity; energetic dislike.

Macaulay.