Chapter 658

Ge*od"e*sy (?) , n. [Gr. <?/; <?/, <?/, the earth + <?/ to divide: cf. F. g\'82od\'82sie .] (Math.) That branch of applied mathematics which determines, by means of observations and measurements, the figures and areas of large portions of the earth's surface, or the general figure and dimenshions of the earth; or that branch of surveying in which the curvature of the earth is taken into account, as in the surveys of States, or of long lines of coast.

Geodetic, Geodetical <Xpage=621>

Ge`o*det"ic (?) , Ge`o*det"ic*al (?) , a. Of or pertaining to gebdesy; obtained or determined by the operations of geodesy; engaged in geodesy; geodesic; as, geodetic surveying; geodetic observers.

Geodetic line &or; curve , the shortest line that can be drawn between two points on the elipsoidal surface of the earth; a curve drawn on any given surface so that the osculating plane of the curve at every point shall contain the normal to the surface; the minimum line that can be drawn on any surface between any two points.

Geodetically <Xpage=621>

Ge`o*det"ic*al*ly , adv. In a geodetic manner; according to geodesy.

Geodetics <Xpage=621>

Ge`o*det"ics (?) , n. Same as Geodesy .

Geodiferous <Xpage=621>

Ge`o*dif"er*ous (?) , a. [ Geode + -ferous .] (Min.) Producing geodes; containing geodes.

Geoduck <Xpage=621>

Ge"o*duck (?) , n. [American Indian name.] (Zo\'94l.) A gigantic clam ( Glycimeris generosa ) of the Pacific coast of North America, highly valued as an article of food.

Geognosis <Xpage=621>

Ge`og*no"sis (?) , n. [See Geognosy .] Knowledge of the earth. [R.]

G. Eliot.

Geognost <Xpage=621>

Ge"og*nost (?) , n. [Cf. F. g\'82ognoste .] One versed in geognosy; a geologist. [R.]

Geognostic, Geognostical <Xpage=621>

Ge`og*nos"tic (?) , Ge`og*nos"tic*al (?) , a. [Cf. F. g\'82ognostique .] Of or pertaining to geognosy, or to a knowledge of the structure of the earth; geological. [R.]

Geognosy <Xpage=621>

Ge*og"no*sy (?) , n. [Gr. <?/, <?/, the earth + <?/ knowing, knowledge, fr. <?/ to know: cf. F. g\'82ognosie .] That part of geology which treats of the materials of the earth's structure, and its general exterior and interior constitution.

Geogonic, Geogonical <Xpage=621>

Ge`o*gon"ic (?) , Ge`o*gon"ic*al (?) , a. [Cf. F. g\'82ogonique .] Of or pertaining to geogony, or to the formation of the earth.

Geogony <Xpage=621>

Ge*og"o*ny (?) , n. [Gr. <?/, <?/, the earth + <?/ generation, birth, fr. the root of <?/ to be born: cf. F. g\'82ogonie .] The branch of science which treats of the formation of the earth.

Geographer <Xpage=621>

Ge*og"ra*pher (?) , n. One versed in geography.

Geographic, Geographical <Xpage=621>

Ge`o*graph"ic (?) , Ge`o*graph"ic*al (?) , a. [L. geographicus , Gr. <?/: cf. F. g\'82ographique .] Of or pertaining to geography.

Geographical distribution . See under Distribution . -- Geographic latitude (of a place), the angle included between a line perpendicular or normal to the level surface of water at rest at the place, and the plane of the equator; differing slightly from the geocentric latitude by reason of the difference between the earth's figure and a true sphere. -- Geographical mile . See under Mile . -- Geographical variation , any variation of a species which is dependent on climate or other geographical conditions.

Geographically <Xpage=621>

Ge`o*graph"ic*al*ly , adv. In a geographical manner or method; according to geography.

Geography <Xpage=621>

Ge*og"ra*phy (?) , n. ; pl. Geographies (#) . [F. g\'82ographie , l. geographia , fr. Gr. <?/; <?/, <?/, the earth + <?/ description, fr. <?/ to write, describe. See Graphic .] 1. The science which treats of the world and its inhabitants; a description of the earth, or a portion of the earth, including its structure, fetures, products, political divisions, and the people by whom it is inhabited.

2. A treatise on this science.

Astronomical , or Mathematical , geography treats of the earth as a planet, of its shape, its size, its lines of latitude and longitude, its zones, and the phenomena due to to the earth's diurnal and annual motions. -- Physical geography treats of the conformation of the earth's surface, of the distribution of land and water, of minerals, plants, animals, etc., and applies the principles of physics to the explanation of the diversities of climate, productions, etc. -- Political geography treats of the different countries into which earth is divided with regard to political and social and institutions and conditions.

Geolatry <Xpage=621>

Ge*ol"a*try (?) , n. [Gr. <?/, <?/, the earth + <?/ worship.] The worship of the earth.

G. W. Cox.

The Geological Series . &hand; The science of geology, as treating of the history of the globe, involves a description of the different strata which compose its crust, their order of succession, characteristic forms of animal and vegetable life, etc. The principal subdivisions of geological time, and the most important strata, with their relative positions, are indicated in the following diagram. <-- illustration of geological periods, with rock layers, takes one column from top to bottom of the page here -->

Geologer, Geologian <Xpage=621>

Ge*ol"o*ger (?) , Ge`o*lo"gi*an (?) , n. A geologist.

Geologic, Geological <Xpage=621>

Ge`o*log"ic (?) , Ge`o*log"ic*al (?) , a. [Cf. F. g\'82ologique .] Of or pertaining to geology, or the science of the earth.

Geologically <Xpage=621>

Ge`o*log"ic*al*ly , adv. In a geological manner.

Geologist <Xpage=621>

Ge*ol"o*gist (?) , n. [Cf. F. G\'82ologiste .] One versed in the science of geology.

Geologize <Xpage=621>

Ge*ol"o*gize (?) , v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Geologized (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Geologizing (?) .] To study geology or make geological investigations in the field; to discourse as a geologist.

During midsummer geologized a little in Shropshire. Darwin.

Geology <Xpage=621>

Ge*ol"o*gy (?) , n. ; pl. Geologies (#) . [Gr. <?/, <?/, the earth + -logy : cf. F. g\'82ologie .]

1. The science which treats: (a) Of the structure and mineral constitution of the globe; structural geology . (b) Of its history as regards rocks, minerals, rivers, valleys, mountains, climates, life, etc.; historical geology . (c) Of the causes and methods by which its structure, features, changes, and conditions have been produced; dynamical geology . See Chart of The Geological Series .

2. A treatise on the science.

Geomalism <Xpage=621>

Ge*om"a*lism (?) , n. [Gr. <?/, <?/, the earth + <?/ a leveling.] (Biol.) The tendency of an organism to respond, during its growth, to the force of gravitation.

Geomancer <Xpage=621>

Ge"o*man`cer (?) , n. One who practices, or is versed in, geomancy.

Geomancy <Xpage=621>

Ge"o*man`cy (?) , n. [OE. geomance , geomancie , F. g\'82omance , g\'82omancie , LL. geomantia , fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, the earth + <?/ divination.] A kind of divination by means of figures or lines, formed by little dots or points, originally on the earth, and latterly on paper.

Geomantic, Geomantical <Xpage=621>

Ge`o*man"tic (?) , Ge`o*man"tic*al (?) , a. [Cf. F. g\'82omantique .] Pertaining or belonging to geomancy.

Geometer <Xpage=621>

Ge*om"e*ter (?) , n. [F. g\'82om\'8atre , L. geometres , geometra , fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/, <?/, the earth + <?/ measure. See Meter measure.] 1. One skilled in geometry; a geometrician; a mathematician.

I. Watts.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of geometrid moth; a geometrid.

Geometral <Xpage=621>

Ge*om"e*tral (?) , a. [Cf. F. g\'82om\'82tral .] Pertaining to geometry. [Obs.]

Geometric, Geometrical <Xpage=621>

Ge`o*met"ric (?) , Ge`o*met"ric*al (?) , a. [L. geometricus ; Gr. <?/: cf. F. g\'82om\'82trique .] Pertaining to, or according to the rules or principles of, geometry; determined by geometry; as, a geometrical solution of a problem .

&hand; Geometric is often used, as opposed to algebraic , to include processes or solutions in which the propositions or principles of geometry are made use of rather than those of algebra.

&hand; Geometrical is often used in a limited or strictly technical sense, as opposed to mechanical ; thus, a construction or solution is geometrical which can be made by ruler and compasses, i . e ., by means of right lines and circles. Every construction or solution which requires any other curve, or such motion of a line or circle as would generate any other curve, is not geometrical , but mechanical . By another distinction, a geometrical solution is one obtained by the rules of geometry, or processes of analysis, and hence is exact; while a mechanical solution is one obtained by trial, by actual measurements, with instruments, etc., and is only approximate and empirical.

Geometrical curve . Same as Algebraic curve ; -- so called because their different points may be constructed by the operations of elementary geometry. -- Geometric lathe , an instrument for engraving bank notes, etc., with complicated patterns of interlacing lines; -- called also cycloidal engine . -- Geometrical pace , a measure of five feet. -- Geometric pen , an instrument for drawing geometric curves, in which the movements of a pen or pencil attached to a revolving arm of ajustable length may be indefinitely varied by changing the toothed wheels which give motion to the arm. -- Geometrical plane (Persp.) , the same as Ground plane . -- Geometrical progression , proportion , ratio . See under Progression , Proportion and Ratio . -- Geometrical radius , in gearing, the radius of the pitch circle of a cogwheel. Knight . -- Geometric spider (Zo\'94l.) , one of many species of spiders, which spin a geometrical web. They mostly belong to Epeira and allied genera, as the garden spider. See Garden spider . -- Geometric square , a portable instrument in the form of a square frame for ascertaining distances and heights by measuring angles. -- Geometrical staircase , one in which the stairs are supported by the wall at one end only. -- Geometrical tracery , in architecture and decoration, tracery arranged in geometrical figures.

<page="622"> Page 622

Geometrically <Xpage=622>

Ge`o*met"ric*al*ly (?) , adv. According to the rules or laws of geometry.

Geometrician <Xpage=622>

Ge*om`e*tri"cian (?) , n. One skilled in geometry; a geometer; a mathematician.

Geometrid <Xpage=622>

Ge*om"e*trid (?) , a. (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining or belonging to the Geometrid\'91 .

Geometrid <Xpage=622>

Ge*om"e*trid , n. (Zo\'94l.) One of numerous genera and species of moths, of the family Geometrid\'91 ; -- so called because their larv\'91 (called loopers , measuring worms , spanworms , and inchworms ) creep in a looping manner, as if measuring. Many of the species are injurious to agriculture, as the cankerworms.

Geometrize <Xpage=622>

Ge*om"e*trize (?) , v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Geometrized (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Geometrizing (?) .] To investigate or apprehend geometrical quantities or laws; to make geometrical constructions; to proceed in accordance with the principles of geometry.

Nature geometrizeth , and observeth order in all things. Sir T. Browne.

Geometry <Xpage=622>

Ge*om"e*try (?) , n ; pl . Geometries (#) [F. g\'82om\'82trie , L. geometria , fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to measure land; <?/, <?/, the earth + <?/ to measure. So called because one of its earliest and most important applications was to the measurement of the earth's surface. See Geometer .] 1. That branch of mathematics which investigates the relations, properties, and measurement of solids, surfaces, lines, and angles; the science which treats of the properties and relations of magnitudes; the science of the relations of space.

2. A treatise on this science.

Analytical, &or; Co\'94rdinate , geometry , that branch of mathematical analysis which has for its object the analytical investigation of the relations and properties of geometrical magnitudes. -- Descriptive geometry , that part of geometry which treats of the graphic solution of all problems involving three dimensions. -- Elementary geometry , that part of geometry which treats of the simple properties of straight lines, circles, plane surface, solids bounded by plane surfaces, the sphere, the cylinder, and the right cone. -- Higher geometry , that pert of geometry which treats of those properties of straight lines, circles, etc., which are less simple in their relations, and of curves and surfaces of the second and higher degrees.

Geophagism <Xpage=622>

Ge*oph"a*gism (?) , n. [Gr. <?/, <?/, earth + <?/ to eat.] The act or habit of eating earth. See Dirt eating , under Dirt .

Dunglison.

Geophagist <Xpage=622>

Ge*oph"a*gist (?) , n. One who eats earth, as dirt, clay, chalk, etc.

Geophagous <Xpage=622>

Ge*oph"a*gous (?) , a. Earth-eating.

Geophila <Xpage=622>

Ge*oph"i*la (?) , n. pl. [NL., from Gr.<?/, <?/, earth + <?/ to love.] (Zo\'94l.) The division of Mollusca which includes the land snails and slugs.

Geoponic, Geoponical <Xpage=622>

Ge`o*pon"ic (?) , Ge`o*pon"ic*al (?) , a. [Gr. <?/; <?/, <?/, earth + <?/ toilsome, fr. <?/ labor: cf. F. g\'82oponique .] Pertaining to tillage of the earth, or agriculture.

Geoponics <Xpage=622>

Ge`o*pon"ics (?) , n. [Gr. <?/: cf. F. g\'82oponique .] The art or science of cultivating the earth; agriculture.

Evelin.

Georama <Xpage=622>

Ge`o*ra"ma (?) , n. [Gr. <?/, <?/, the earth + <?/ sight, view, <?/ to see, view: cf. F. g\'82orama .] A hollow globe on the inner surface of which a map of the world is depicted, to be examined by one standing inside.

Geordie <Xpage=622>

Geor"die (?) , n. A name given by miners to George Stephenson's safety lamp.

Raymond.

George <Xpage=622>

George (?) , n. [F. George , or Georges , a proper name, fr. Gr. <?/ husbandman, laborer; <?/, <?/, the earth + <?/ to work; akin to E. work . See Work .]

1. A figure of St. George (the patron saint of England) on horseback, appended to the collar of the Order of the Garter. See Garter .

2. A kind of brown loaf. [Obs.]

Dryden.

George noble <Xpage=622>

George" no`ble (?) . [So called from the image of St. George on it.] A gold noble of the time of Henry VIII. See Noble , n.

Georgian <Xpage=622>

Geor"gi*an (?) , a. 1. Of or pertaining to Georgia, in Asia, or to Georgia, one of the United States.

2. Of or relating to the reigns of the four Georges, kings of Great Britan; as, the Georgian era . <-- five? -->

Georgian <Xpage=622>

Geor"gi*an , n. A native of, or dweller in, Georgia.

Georgic <Xpage=622>

Geor"gic (?) , n. [L. georgicum (sc. carmen ), and georgica , pl., Gr. <?/, and <?/: cf. F. g\'82orgiques , pl. See Georgic , a. ] A rural poem; a poetical composition on husbandry, containing rules for cultivating lands, etc.; as, the Georgics of Virgil .

Georgic, Georgical <Xpage=622>

Geor"gic (?) , Geor"gic*al (?) , a. [L. georgicus , Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ tillage, agriculture: cf. F. g\'82orgique . See George .] Relating to agriculture and rural affairs.

Georgium Sidus <Xpage=622>

Geor"gi*um Si`dus (?) . [NL., the star of George (III. of England).] (Astron.) The planet Uranus, so named by its discoverer, Sir W. Herschel.

Geoscopy <Xpage=622>

Ge*os"co*py (?) , n. [Gr. <?/, <?/, the earth + -scopy : cf. F. g\'82oscopie .] Knowledge of the earth, ground, or soil, obtained by inspection.

Chambers.

Geoselenic <Xpage=622>

Ge`o*se*len"ic (?) , a. [Gr. <?/, <?/, the earth + <?/ moon.] Pertaining to the earth and moon; belonging to the joint action or mutual relations of the earth and moon; as, geoselenic phenomena .

Geostatic <Xpage=622>

Ge`o*stat"ic (?) , a. [Gr. <?/, <?/, earth + E. static .] (Civil Engin.) Relating to the pressure exerted by earth or similar substance.

Geostatic arch , an arch having a form adapted to sustain pressure similar to that exerted by earth.

Rankine.

Geosynclinal <Xpage=622>

Ge`o*syn*cli"nal (?) , n. [Gr. <?/, <?/, the earth + E. synclinal .] (Geol.) the downward bend or subsidence of the earth's crust, which allows of the gradual accumulation of sediment, and hence forms the first step in the making of a mountain range; -- opposed to geanticlinal .

Geothermometer <Xpage=622>

Ge`o*ther*mom"e*ter (?) , n. [Gr. <?/, <?/, the earth + E. thermometer .] (Physics) A thermometer specially constructed for measuring temperetures at a depth below the surface of the ground.

Geotic <Xpage=622>

Ge*ot"ic (?) a. [Gr. <?/, <?/, the earth.] Belonging to earth; terrestrial. [Obs.]

Bailey.

Geotropic <Xpage=622>

Ge`o*trop"ic (?) , a. [See Geotropism .] (Biol.) Relating to, or showing, geotropism.

Geotropism <Xpage=622>

Ge*ot"ro*pism (?) , n. [Gr. <?/, <?/, the earth + <?/ to turn.] (Biol.) A disposition to turn or incline towards the earth; the influence of gravity in determining the direction of growth of an organ.

&hand; In plants, organs which grow towards the center of the earth are said to be positively geotropic , and those growing in the opposite direction negatively geotropic . In animals, geotropism is supposed by some to have an influence either direct or indirect on the plane of division of the ovum.

Gephyrea <Xpage=622>

Ge*phyr"e*a (?) , n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a dam, a bridge.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of marine Annelida, in which the body is imperfectly, or not at all, annulated externally, and is mostly without set\'91.

Gephyrean <Xpage=622>

Ge*phyr"e*an (?) , a. (Zo\'94l.) Belonging to the Gephyrea. -- n. One of the Gerphyrea.

Gephyreoid <Xpage=622>

Ge*phyr"e*oid (?) , a. & n. [ Gephyrea + -oid .] Gephyrean.

Gepound <Xpage=622>

Ge*pound" (?) , n. See Gipoun . [Obs.]

Chaucer.

Gerah <Xpage=622>

Ge"rah (?) , n. [Heb. g<?/rah , lit., a bean.] (Jewish Antiq.) A small coin and weight; 1-20th of a shekel.