Chapter 654

Ge*hen"na (?) , n. [L. Gehenna , Gr. <?/, Heb. G<?/ Hinn<?/m .] (Jewish Hist.) The valley of Hinnom, near Jerusalem, where some of the Israelites sacrificed their children to Moloch, which, on this account, was afterward regarded as a place of abomination, and made a receptacle for all the refuse of the city, perpetual fires being kept up in order to prevent pestilential effluvia. In the New Testament the name is transferred, by an easy metaphor, to Hell .

The pleasant valley of Hinnom. Tophet thence And black Gehenna called, the type of Hell. Milton.

Geic <Xpage=617>

Ge"ic (?) , a. [Gr. <?/ earth.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, earthy or vegetable mold.

Geic acid . (Chem.) See Humin .

Gein <Xpage=617>

Ge"in (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ earth.] (Chem.) See Humin .

Geissler tube <Xpage=617>

Geis"sler tube` (?) . (Elec.) A glass tube provided with platinum electrodes, and containing some gas under very low tension, which becomes luminous when an electrical discharge is passed through it; -- so called from the name of a noted maker in germany. It is called also Pl\'81cker tube , from the German physicist who devised it.

Geitonogamy <Xpage=617>

Gei"to*nog"a*my (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ neighbor + <?/ marriage.] (Bot.) Fertilization of flowers by pollen from other flowers on the same plant.

Gelable <Xpage=617>

Gel"a*ble (?) , a. [L. gelare to congeal: cf. F. gelable . See Geal .] Capable of being congealed; capable of being converted into jelly.

Gelada <Xpage=617>

Gel"a*da (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) A baboon ( Gelada Ruppelli ) of Abyssinia, remarkable for the length of the hair on the neck and shoulders of the adult male.

Gelastic <Xpage=617>

Ge*las"tic (?) , a. [Gr. <?/ inclined to laugh, from <?/ to laugh.] Pertaining to laughter; used in laughing. " Gelastic muscles."

Sir T. Browne.

Gelatification <Xpage=617>

Ge*lat"i*fi*ca"tion (?) , n. [ Gelatin + L. -ficare . (in comp.) to make. See -fy .] (Physiol. Chem.) The formation of gelatin.

Gelatigenous <Xpage=617>

Gel`a*tig"e*nous (?) , n. [ Gelatin + -genous .] (Physiol. Chem.) Producing, or yielding, gelatin; gelatiniferous; as, the gelatigeneous tissues .

Gelatin , Gelatine <Xpage=617>

Gel"a*tin , Gel"a*tine (<?/) , n. [F. g\'82latine , fr. L. gelare to congeal. See Geal .] (Chem.) Animal jelly; glutinous material obtained from animal tissues by prolonged boiling. Specifically (Physiol. Chem.) , a nitrogeneous colloid, not existing as such in the animal body, but formed by the hydrating action of boiling water on the collagen of various kinds of connective tissue (as tendons, bones, ligaments, etc.). Its distinguishing character is that of dissolving in hot water, and forming a jelly on cooling. It is an important ingredient of calf's-foot jelly, isinglass, glue, etc. It is used as food, but its nutritious qualities are of a low order.

&hand; Both spellings, gela tin and gela tine , are in good use, but the tendency of writers on physiological chemistry favors the form in - in , as in the United States Dispensatory, the United States Pharmacop\'d2ia, Fownes' Watts' Chemistry, Brande & Cox's Dictionary.

Blasting gelatin , an explosive, containing about ninety-five parts of nitroglycerin and five of collodion. -- Gelatin process , a name applied to a number of processes in the arts, involving the use of gelatin. Especially: (a) (Photog.) A dry-plate process in which gelatin is used as a substitute for collodion as the sensitized material. This is the dry-plate process in general use, and plates of extreme sensitiveness are produced by it. (b) (Print.) A method of producing photographic copies of drawings, engravings, printed pages, etc., and also of photographic pictures, which can be printed from in a press with ink, or (in some applications of the process) which can be used as the molds of stereotype or electrotype plates. (c) (Print. or Copying) A method of producing facsimile copies of an original, written or drawn in aniline ink upon paper, thence transferred to a cake of gelatin softened with glycerin, from which impressions are taken upon ordinary paper. -- Vegetable gelatin . See Gliadin .

Gelatinate <Xpage=617>

Ge*lat"i*nate (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Gelatinated (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Gelatinating .] To convert into gelatin, or into a substance resembling jelly.

Gelatinate <Xpage=617>

Ge*lat"i*nate , v. i. To be converted into gelatin, or into a substance like jelly.

Lapis lazuli, if calcined, does not effervesce, but gelatinates with the mineral acids. Kirwan.

Gelatination <Xpage=617>

Ge*lat`i*na"tion (?) , n. The act of process of converting into gelatin, or a substance like jelly.

Gelatine <Xpage=617>

Gel"a*tine (?) , n. Same as Gelatin .

Gelatiniferous <Xpage=617>

Gel`a*tin*if"er*ous (?) , a. [ Gelatin + -ferous .] (Physiol. Chem.) Yielding gelatin on boiling with water; capable of gelatination.

Gelatiniform <Xpage=617>

Gel`a*tin"i*form (?) , a. Having the form of gelatin.

Gelatinization <Xpage=617>

Ge*lat`i*ni*za"tion (?) , n. Same as Gelatination .

Gelatinize <Xpage=617>

Ge*lat"i*nize (?) , v. t. 1. To convert into gelatin or jelly. Same as Gelatinate , v. t.

2. (Photog.) To coat, or otherwise treat, with gelatin.

Gelatinize <Xpage=617>

Ge*lat"i*nize (?) , v. i. Same as Gelatinate , v. i.

Gelatinous <Xpage=617>

Ge*lat"i*nous (?) , a. [Cf. F. g\'82latineux .] Of the nature and consistence of gelatin or the jelly; resembling jelly; viscous.

Gelation <Xpage=617>

Ge*la"tion (?) , n. [L. gelatio a freezing, fr. gelare to freeze.] (Astron.) The process of becoming solid by cooling; a cooling and solidifying.

Geld <Xpage=617>

Geld (?) , n. [AS. gild , gield , geld , tribute, payment, fr. gieldan to pay, render. See Yield .] Money; tribute; compensation; ransom. [Obs.]

&hand; This word occurs in old law books in composition, as in dane geld , or dane gelt , a tax imposed by the Danes; were geld , compensation for the life of a man, etc.

Geld <Xpage=617>

Geld (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Gelded or Gelt (<?/); p. pr. & vb. n. Gelding .] [Icel. gelda to castrate; akin to Dan. gilde , Sw. g\'84lla , and cf. AS. gilte a young sow, OHG. galt dry, not giving milk, G. gelt , Goth. gilpa siclke.] 1. To castrate; to emasculate.

2. To deprive of anything essential.

Bereft and gelded of his patrimony. Shak.

3. To deprive of anything exceptionable; as, to geld a book, or a story ; to expurgate. [Obs.]

Dryden.

Geldable <Xpage=617>

Geld"a*ble (?) , a. Capable of being gelded.

Geldable <Xpage=617>

Geld"a*ble , a. [From Geld money.] Liable to taxation. [Obs.]

Burrill.

Gelder <Xpage=617>

Geld"er (?) , n. One who gelds or castrates.

Gelder-rose <Xpage=617>

Gel"der-rose (?) , n. Same as Guelder-rose .

Gelding <Xpage=617>

Geld"ing (?) , n. [Icel. gelding a gelding, akin to geldingr wether, eunuch, Sw. g\'84lling gelding, Dan. gilding eunuch. See Geld , v. t. ] A castrated animal; -- usually applied to a horse, but formerly used also of the human male.

They went down both into the water, Philip and the gelding , and Philip baptized him. Wyclif (Acts viii. 38).

Gelding <Xpage=617>

Geld"ing , p. pr. a. & vb. n.. from Geld , v. t.

Gelid <Xpage=617>

Gel"id (?) , a. [L. gelidus , fr. gelun frost, cold. See Cold , and cf. Congeal , Gelatin , Jelly .] Cold; very cold; frozen. " Gelid founts."

Thompson.

Gelidity <Xpage=617>

Ge*lid"i*ty (?) , n. The state of being gelid.

Gelidly <Xpage=617>

Gel"id*ly (?) , adv. In a gelid manner; coldly.

Gelidness <Xpage=617>

Gel"id*ness , n. The state of being gelid; gelidity.

Gelly <Xpage=617>

Gel"ly (?) , n. Jelly. [Obs.]

Spenser.

Geloscopy <Xpage=617>

Ge*los"copy (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ to laugh + -scopy .] Divination by means of laughter.

Gelose <Xpage=617>

Ge*lose" (?) , n. [See Gelatin .] (Chem.) An amorphous, gummy carbohydrate, found in Gelidium , agar-agar, and other seaweeds.

Gelsemic <Xpage=617>

Gel*se"mic (?) , a. Gelseminic.

Gelsemine <Xpage=617>

Gel"se*mine (?) , n. (Chem.) An alkaloid obtained from the yellow jasmine ( Gelsemium sempervirens ), as a bitter white semicrystalline substance; -- called also gelsemia .

Gelseminic <Xpage=617>

Gel`se*min"ic (?) , n. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, the yellow jasmine ( Gelsemium sempervirens ); as, gelseminic acid, a white crystalline substance resembling esculin .

Gelsemium <Xpage=617>

Gel*se"mium (?) , n. [NL., fr. It. gelsomino jasmine.] 1. (Bot.) A genus of climbing plants. The yellow (false) jasmine ( Gelsemium sempervirens ) is a native of the Southern United States. It has showy and deliciously fragrant flowers.

2. (Med.) The root of the yellow jasmine, used in malarial fevers, etc.

Gelt <Xpage=617>

Gelt (?) , n. [See 1st Geld .] Trubute, tax. [Obs.]

All these the king granted unto them . . . free from all gelts and payments, in a most full and ample manner. Fuller.

Gelt <Xpage=617>

Gelt , n. [See Gelt , v. t. ] A gelding. [Obs.]

Mortimer.

Gelt <Xpage=617>

Gelt , n. Gilding; tinsel. [Obs.]

Spenser.

Gem <Xpage=617>

Gem (?) , n. [OE. gemme precious stone, F. gemme , fr. L. gemma a precious stone, bud.] 1. (Bot.) A bud.

From the joints of thy prolific stem A swelling knot is raised called a gem . Denham.

2. A precious stone of any kind, as the ruby, emerald, topaz, sapphire, beryl, spinel, etc., especially when cut and polished for ornament; a jewel.

Milton.

3. Anything of small size, or expressed within brief limits, which is regarded as a gem on account of its beauty or value, as a small picture, a verse of poetry, a witty or wise saying.

Artificial gem , an imitation of a gem, made of glass colored with metallic oxide. Cf. Paste , and Strass .

Gem <Xpage=617>

Gem v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Gemmed (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Gemming ] 1. To put forth in the form of buds. " Gemmed their blossoms." [R.]

Milton.

2. To adorn with gems or precious stones.

3. To embellish or adorn, as with gems; as, a foliage gemmed with dewdrops .

England is . . . gemmed with castles and palaces. W. Irving.

Gemara <Xpage=617>

Ge*ma"ra (?) , n. [Heb.] (Jewish Law) The second part of the Talmud, or the commentary on the Mishna (which forms the first part or text).

Gemaric <Xpage=617>

Ge*mar"ic (?) , a. Pertaining to the Gemara.

Gemarist <Xpage=617>

Ge*ma"rist (?) , n. One versed in the Gemara, or adhering to its teachings.

Gemel <Xpage=617>

Gem"el (?) , a. [OF. gemel twin, F. jumeau , L. gemellus twin, doubled, dim. of geminus . See Gemini , and cf. Gimmal .] (Her.) Coupled; paired.

Bars gemel (Her.) , two barrulets placed near and parallel to each other.

Gemel <Xpage=617>

Gem"el (?) , n. 1. One of the twins. [Obs.]

Wyclif.

2. (Heb.) One of the barrulets placed parallel and closed to each other. Cf. Bars gemel , under Gemel , a.

Two gemels silver between two griffins passant. Strype.

Gemel hinge (Locksmithing) , a hinge consisting of an eye or loop and a hook. -- Gemel ring , a ring with two or more links; a gimbal. See Gimbal . -- Gemel window , a window with two bays.

Gemellipa-rous <Xpage=617>

Gem`el*lip"a-rous (?) , a. [L. gemellipara , fem., gemellus twin + parere to bear, produce.] Producing twins. [R.]

Bailey.

Geminal <Xpage=617>

Gem"i*nal (?) , a. [L. geminus twin.] A pair. [Obs.]

Drayton.

Geminate <Xpage=617>

Gem"i*nate (?) , a. [L. geminatus , p.p. of genimare to double. See Gemini .] (Bot.) In pairs or twains; two together; binate; twin; as, geminate flowers .

Gray.

Geminate <Xpage=617>

Gem"i*nate (?) , v. t. To double. [R.]

B. Jonson.

Gemination <Xpage=617>

Gem`i*na"tion (?) , n. [L. geminatio .] A doubling; duplication; repetition. [R.]

Boyle.

Gemini <Xpage=617>

Gem"i*ni (?) , n. pl. [L., twins, pl. of geminus ; cf. Skr. j<?/mi related as brother or sister.] (Astron.) A constellation of the zodiac, containing the two bright stars Castor and Pollux ; also, the third sign of the zodiac, which the sun enters about May 20th.

Geminiflorous <Xpage=617>

Gem`i*ni*flo"rous (?) , a. [L. geminus twin + flos , floris , flower.] (Bot.) Having the flowers arranged in pairs.

Geminous <Xpage=617>

Gem"i*nous (?) , a. [L. geminus .] Double; in pairs.

Sir T. Browne.

Geminy <Xpage=617>

Gemi*ny (?) , n. [See Gemini .] Twins; a pair; a couple. [Obs.]

Shak.

Gemitores <Xpage=617>

Gem`i*to"res (?) , n. pl. [NL., fr. L. gemere , gemitum , to sign, moan.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of birds including the true pigeons.

Gemma <Xpage=617>

Gem"ma (?) , n. ; pl. Gemm\'91 (#) . [L., a bud.] 1. (Bot.) A leaf bud, as distinguished from a flower bud.

2. (Biol.) A bud spore; one of the small spores or buds in the reproduction of certain Protozoa, which separate one at a time from the parent cell.

Gemmaceous <Xpage=617>

Gem*ma"ceous (?) , a. Of or pertaining to gems or to gemm\'91; of the nature of, or resembling, gems or gemm\'91.

Gemmary <Xpage=617>

Gem"ma*ry (?) , a. [L. gemmarius . See Gem .] Of or pertaining to gems.

<page="618"> Page 618

Gemmary <Xpage=618>

Gem"ma*ry (?) , n. A receptacle for jewels or gems; a jewel house; jewels or gems, collectively.

Gemmate <Xpage=618>

Gem"mate (?) , a. [L. gemmatus , p. p. of gemmare to put forth buds, fr. gemma bud.] (Bot.) Having buds; reproducing by buds.

Gemmated <Xpage=618>

Gem"ma*ted (?) , a. Having buds; adorned with gems or jewels.

Gemmation <Xpage=618>

Gem*ma"tion (?) , n. [Cf. F. gemmation .]

1. (Biol.) The formation of a new individual, either animal or vegetable, by a process of budding; an asexual method of reproduction; gemmulation; gemmiparity. See Budding .

2. (Bot.) The arrangement of buds on the stalk; also, of leaves in the bud.

Gemmeous <Xpage=618>

Gem"me*ous (?) , a. [L. gemmeus . See Gem .] Pertaining to gems; of the nature of gems; resembling gems.

Pennant.

Gemmiferous <Xpage=618>

Gem*mif"er*ous (?) , a. [L. gemma bud + -ferous : cf. F. gemmif\'8are .] Producing gems or buds ; (Biol.) multiplying by buds.

Gemmification <Xpage=618>

Gem`mi*fi*ca"tion (?) , n. [L. gemma bud + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See -fy .] (Biol.) The production of a bud or gem.

Gemmiflorate <Xpage=618>

Gem`mi*flo"rate (?) , a. [L. gemma bud + flos , floris , flower.] (Bot.) Having flowers like buds.

Gemminess <Xpage=618>

Gem"mi*ness (?) , n. The state or quality of being gemmy; spruceness; smartness.

Gemmipara Gemmipares <Xpage=618>

Gem*mip"a*ra (?) Gem*mip"a*res (?) n. pl. [NL., fr. L. gemma bud + parere to produce.] (Zo\'94l.) Animals which increase by budding, as hydroids.

Gemmiparity <Xpage=618>

Gem`mi*par"i*ty (?) , n. (Biol.) Reproduction by budding; gemmation. See Budding .

Gemmiparous <Xpage=618>

Gem*mip"a*rous (?) , a. [Cf. F. gemmipare .] (Biol.) Producing buds; reproducing by buds. See Gemmation , 1.

Gemmosity <Xpage=618>

Gem*mos"i*ty (?) , n. [L. gemmosus set with jewels. See Gem .] The quality or characteristics of a gem or jewel. [Obs.]

Bailey.

Gemmulation <Xpage=618>

Gem`mu*la"tion (?) , n. [From L. gemmula , dim. of gemma bud.] (Biol.) See Gemmation .

Gemmule <Xpage=618>

Gem"mule (?) , n. [L. gemmula , dim. of gemma : cf. F. gemmule . See Gem .] 1. (Bot.) (a) A little leaf bud, as the plumule between the cotyledons . (b) One of the buds of mosses . (c) One of the reproductive spores of alg\'91 . (d) An ovule.

2. (Biol.) (a) A bud produced in generation by gemmation. (b) One of the imaginary granules or atoms which, according to Darwin's hypothesis of pangenesis, are continually being thrown off from every cell or unit, and circulate freely throughout the system, and when supplied with proper nutriment multiply by self-division and ultimately develop into cells like those from which they were derived. They are supposed to be transmitted from the parent to the offspring, but are often transmitted in a dormant state during many generations and are then developed. See Pangenesis .

Gemmuliferous <Xpage=618>

Gem`mu*lif"er*ous (?) , a. [ Gemmule + -ferous .] Bearing or producing gemmules or buds.

Gemmy <Xpage=618>

Gem"my (?) , a. [From Gem , n. ]

1. Full of gems; bright; glittering like a gem.

The gemmy bridle glittered free. Tennyson.

2. Spruce; smart. [Colloq. Eng.]