Chapter 647

Gam"bi*son (?) , n. [OF. gambeson , gambaison , fr. gambais , wambais , of German origin: cf. MHG. wambeis , G. wams doublet, fr. OHG. w amba , stomach. See Womb .] A defensive garment formerly in use for the body, made of cloth stuffed and quilted.

Gambist <Xpage=610>

Gam"bist (?) , n. [It. gamba leg.] (Mus.) A performer upon the viola di gamba . See under Viola .

Gambit <Xpage=610>

Gam"bit (?) , n. [F. gambit , cf. It. gambitto gambit, a tripping up. See Gambol , n. ] (Chess Playing) A mode of opening the game, in which a pawn is sacrificed to gain an attacking position. <-- Hence, Fig. any stratagem; in conversation, a remark, often prepared in advance, calculated to provoke discussion, amuse, or make a point = a conversational gambit -->

Gamble <Xpage=610>

Gam"ble (?) , v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Gambled (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Gambling (?) .] [Dim. of game . See 2d Game .] To play or game for money or other stake.

Gamble <Xpage=610>

Gamble , v. t. To lose or squander by gaming; -- usually with away . "Bankrupts or sots who have gambled or slept away their estates."

Ames.

Gambler <Xpage=610>

Gam"bler (?) , n. One who gambles.

Gamboge <Xpage=610>

Gam*boge" (?) , n. A concrete juice, or gum resin, produced by several species of trees in Siam, Ceylon, and Malabar. It is brought in masses, or cylindrical rolls, from Cambodia , or Cambogia , -- whence its name. The best kind is of a dense, compact texture, and of a beatiful reddish yellow. Taking internally, it is a strong and harsh cathartic ad emetic. [Written also camboge .]

&hand; There are several kinds of gamboge, but all are derived from species of Garcinia , a genus of trees of the order Guttifer\'91 . The best Siam gamboge is thought to come from Garcinia Hanburii . Ceylon gamboge is from G. Morella . G. pictoria , of Western India, yields gamboge, and also a kind of oil called gamboge butter .

Gambogian, Gambogic <Xpage=610>

Gam*bo"gi*an (?) , Gambogic (?) , a. Pertaining to, resembling, or containing, gamboge.

Gambol <Xpage=610>

Gam"bol (?) , n. [OE. gambolde , gambaulde , F. gambade , gambol, fr. It. gambata kick, fr. L. gamba leg, akin to F. jambe , OF. also, gambe , fr. L. gamba , hoof or perh. joint: cf. Gr. <?/ a binding, winding, W., Ir. & Gael. cam crooked; perh. akin to E. chamber : cf.F. gambiller to kick about. Cf. Jamb , n. , Gammon ham, Gambadoes .] A skipping or leaping about in frolic; a hop; a sportive prank.

Dryden.

Gambol <Xpage=610>

Gam"bol v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Gamboled (?) , or Gambolled ; p. pr. & vb. n. Gamboling or Gambolling .] To dance and skip about in sport; to frisk; to skip; to play in frolic, like boys or lambs.

Gambrel <Xpage=610>

Gam"brel (?) , n [OF. gambe , jambe leg, F. jambe . Cf. Cambrel , Chambrel , and see Gambol . n. ] 1. The hind leg of a horse.

2. A stick crooked like a horse's hind leg; -- used by butchers in suspending slaughtered animals.

Gambrel roof (Arch.) , a curb roof having the same section in all parts, with a lower steeper slope and an upper and flatter one, so that each gable is pentagonal in form.

Gambrel <Xpage=610>

Gam"brel v. t. To truss or hang up by means of a gambrel.

Beau. & Fl.

Gambroon <Xpage=610>

Gam*broon" (?) , n. A kind of twilled linen cloth for lining.

Simmonds.

Game <Xpage=610>

Game (?) , a. [Cf. W. cam crooked, and E. gambol , n. ] Crooked; lame; as, a game leg . [Colloq.]

Game <Xpage=610>

Game , n. [OE. game , gamen , AS. gamen , gomen , play, sport; akin to OS., OHG., & Icel. gaman , Dan. gammen mirth, merriment, OSw. gamman joy. Cf. Gammon a game, Backgammon , Gamble v. i. ] 1. Sport of any kind; jest, frolic.

We have had pastimes here, and pleasant game . Shak.

2. A contest, physical or mental, according to certain rules, for amusement, recreation, or for winning a stake; as, a game of chance; games of skill; field games , etc.

But war's a game , which, were their subject wise, Kings would not play at. Cowper.

&hand; Among the ancients, especially the Greeks and Romans, there were regularly recurring public exhibitions of strength, agility, and skill under the patronage of the government, usually accompanied with religious ceremonies. Such were the Olympic, the Pythian, the Nemean, and the Isthmian games .

3. The use or practice of such a game; a single match at play; a single contest; as, a game at cards .

Talk the game o'er between the deal. Lloyd.

4. That which is gained, as the stake in a game; also, the number of points necessary to be scored in order to win a game; as, in short whist five points are game .

5. (Card Playing) In some games, a point credited on the score to the player whose cards counts up the highest.

6. A scheme or art employed in the pursuit of an object or purpose; method of procedure; projected line of operations; plan; project.

Your murderous game is nearly up. Blackw. Mag.

It was obviously Lord Macaulay's game to blacken the greatest literary champion of the cause he had set himself to attack. Saintsbury.

7. Animals pursued and taken by sportsmen; wild meats designed for, or served at, table.

Those species of animals . . . distinguished from the rest by the well-known appellation of game . Blackstone.

Confidence game . See under Confidence . -- To make game of , to make sport of; to mock.

Milton.

Game <Xpage=610>

Game , a. 1. Having a resolute, unyielding spirit, like the gamecock; ready to fight to the last; plucky.

I was game . . . .I felt that I could have fought even to the death. W. Irving.

2. Of or pertaining to such animals as are hunted for game, or to the act or practice of hunting.

Game bag , a sportsman's bag for carrying small game captured; also, the whole quantity of game taken. -- Game bird , any bird commonly shot for food, esp. grouse, partridges, quails, pheasants, wild turkeys, and the shore or wading birds, such as plovers, snipe, woodcock, curlew, and sandpipers. The term is sometimes arbitrarily restricted to birds hunted by sportsmen, with dogs and guns. -- Game egg , an egg producing a gamecock. -- Game laws , laws regulating the seasons and manner of taking game for food or for sport. -- Game preserver , a land owner who regulates the killing of game on his estate with a view to its increase. [Eng.] -- To be game . (a) To show a brave, unyielding spirit. (b) To be victor in a game. [Colloq.] -- To die game , to maintain a bold, unyielding spirit to the last; to die fighting.

<page="611"> Page 611

Game <Xpage=611>

Game (?) , v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Gamed (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Gaming .] [OE. gamen , game<?/en , to rejoice, AS. gamenian to play. See Game , n. ] 1. To rejoice; to be pleased; -- often used, in Old English, impersonally with dative. [Obs.]

God loved he best with all his whole hearte At alle times, though him gamed or smarte. Chaucer.

2. To play at any sport or diversion.

3. To play for a stake or prize; to use cards, dice, billiards, or other instruments, according to certain rules, with a view to win money or other thing waged upon the issue of the contest; to gamble. <-- sic!? -->

Gamecock <Xpage=611>

Game"cock` (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) The male game fowl.

Game fowl <Xpage=611>

Game" fowl` (?) . (Zo\'94l.) A handsome breed of the common fowl, remarkable for the great courage and pugnacity of the males.

Gameful <Xpage=611>

Game"ful (?) , a. Full of game or games.

Gamekeeper <Xpage=611>

Game"keep`er (?) , n. One who has the care of game, especially in a park or preserve.

Blackstone.

Gameless <Xpage=611>

Game"less , a. Destitute of game.

Gamely <Xpage=611>

Game"ly , adv. In a plucky manner; spiritedly.

Gameness <Xpage=611>

Game"ness , n. Endurance; pluck.

Gamesome <Xpage=611>

Game"some (?) , a. Gay; sportive; playful; frolicsome; merry.

Shak.

Gladness of the gamesome crowd. Byron.

-- Game"some*ly , adv. -- Game"some*ness , n.

Gamester <Xpage=611>

Game"ster (?) , n. [ Game + -ster .] 1. A merry, frolicsome person. [Obs.]

Shak.

2. A person who plays at games; esp., one accustomed to play for a stake; a gambler; one skilled in games.

When lenity and cruelty play for a kingdom, the gentlest gamester is the soonest winner. Shak.

3. A prostitute; a strumpet. [Obs.]

Shak.

Gamic <Xpage=611>

Gam"ic (?) , a. [Gr. <?/ marriage.] (Biol.) Pertaining to, or resulting from, sexual connection; formed by the union of the male and female elements.

Gamin <Xpage=611>

Gam"in (?) , n. [F.] A neglected and untrained city boy; a young street Arab.

In Japan, the gamins run after you, and say, 'Look at the Chinaman.' L. Oliphant.

Gaming <Xpage=611>

Gam"ing (?) , n. The act or practice of playing games for stakes or wagers; gambling.

Gamma <Xpage=611>

Gam"ma (?) , n. The third letter (<?/, <?/ = Eng. G ) of the Greek alphabet.

Gammadion <Xpage=611>

Gam*ma"di*on (?) , n. A cross formed of four capital gammas, formerly used as a mysterious ornament on ecclesiastical vestments, etc. See Fylfot .

Gammer <Xpage=611>

Gam"mer (?) , n. [Possibly contr. fr. godmother ; but prob. fr. grammer for grandmother . Cf. Gaffer .] An old wife; an old woman; -- correlative of gaffer , an old man.

Gammon <Xpage=611>

Gam"mon (?) , n. [OF. gambon , F. jambon , fr. OF. gambe leg, F. jambe . See Gambol , n. , and cf. Ham .] The buttock or tight of a hog, salted and smoked or dried; the lower end of a flitch.

Goldsmith.

Gammon <Xpage=611>

Gam"mon , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Gameed (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Gameing .] To make bacon of; to salt and dry in smoke.

Gammon <Xpage=611>

Gam"mon , n. [See 2d Game .] 1. Backgammon.

2. An imposition or hoax; humbug. [Colloq.]

Gammon <Xpage=611>

Gam"mon , v. t. 1. To beat in the game of backgammon, before an antagonist has been able to get his "men" or counters home and withdraw any of them from the board; as, to gammon a person .

2. To impose on; to hoax; to cajole. [Colloq.]

Hood.

Gammon <Xpage=611>

Gam"mon , v. t. [Etymol. unknown.] (Naut.) To fasten (a bowsprit) to the stem of a vessel by lashings of rope or chain, or by a band of iron.

Totten.

Gammoning <Xpage=611>

Gam"mon*ing , n. [From 5th Gammon .] (Naut.) The lashing or iron band by which the bowsprit of a vessel is secured to the stem to opposite the lifting action of the forestays.

Gammoning fashion , in the style of gammoning lashing, that is, having the turns of rope crossed. -- Gammoning hole (Naut.) , a hole cut through the knee of the head of a vessel for the purpose of gammoning the bowsprit.

Gammoning <Xpage=611>

Gam"mon*ing , n. [From 4th Gammon .] The act of imposing upon or hoaxing a person. [Colloq.]

Gamogenesis <Xpage=611>

Gam`o*gen"e*sis (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ marriage + E. genesis .] (Biol.) The production of offspring by the union of parents of different sexes; sexual reproduction; -- the opposite of agamogenesis .

Gamogenetic <Xpage=611>

Gam`o*ge*net"ic (?) , a. (Biol.) Relating to gamogenesis. -- Gam`o*ge*net"ic*al*ly , adv.

Gamomorphism <Xpage=611>

Gam`o*mor"phism (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ marriage + <?/ form, shape.] (Biol.) That stage of growth or development in an organism, in which the reproductive elements are generated and matured in preparation for propagating the species.

Gamopetalous <Xpage=611>

Gam`o*pet"al*ous (?) , a. [Gr. <?/ marriage + E. petalous : cf. F. gamop\'82tale .] (Bot.) Having the petals united or joined so as to form a tube or cup; monopetalous.

Gamophyllous <Xpage=611>

Ga*moph"yl*lous (?) , a. [Gr. <?/ marriage + <?/ leaf.] (Bot.) Composed of leaves united by their edges (coalescent).

Gray.

Gamosepalous <Xpage=611>

Gam`o*sep"al*ous (?) , a. [Gr. <?/ marriage + E. sepal .] (Bot.) Formed of united sepals; monosepalous.

Gamut <Xpage=611>

Gam"ut (?) , n. [F. gamme + ut the name of a musical note. F. gamme is fr. the name of the Greek letter <?/, which was used by Guido d'Arezzo to represent the first note of his model scale. See Gamma , and Ut .] (Mus.) The scale.

Gamy <Xpage=611>

Gam"y (?) , a. 1. (Cookery) Having the flavor of game, esp. of game kept uncooked till near the condition of tainting; high-flavored.

2. (Sporting) Showing an unyielding spirit to the last; plucky; furnishing sport; as, a gamy trout .

<-- NOTE irregular format for pos ### --> Gan <Xpage=611>

Gan (?) , imp. &of; Gin . [See Gin , v. ] Began; commenced.

&hand; Gan was formerly used with the infinitive to form compound imperfects, as did is now employed. Gan regularly denotes the singular; the plural is usually denoted by gunne or gonne .

This man gan fall ( i.e. , fell) in great suspicion. Chaucer.

The little coines to their play gunne hie ( i.e. , hied). Chaucer.

Later writers use gan both for singular and plural.

Yet at her speech their rages gan relent. Spenser.

Ganch <Xpage=611>

Ganch (?) , v. t. [Cf. F. ganche , n. , also Sp. & Pg. gancho hook, It. gancio .] To drop from a high place upon sharp stakes or hooks, as the Turks dropped malefactors, by way of punishment.

Ganching , which is to let fall from on high upon hooks, and there to hang until they die. Sandys.

Gander <Xpage=611>

Gan"der (?) , n. [AS. gandra , ganra , akin to Prov. G. gander , ganter , and E. goose , gannet . See Goose .] The male of any species of goose.

Gane <Xpage=611>

Gane (?) , v. i. [See Yawn .] To yawn; to gape. [Obs.]

Chaucer.

Ganesa <Xpage=611>

Ga*ne"sa (?) , n. (Hind. Myth.) The Hindoo god of wisdom or prudence.

&hand; He is represented as a short, fat, red-colored man, with a large belly and the head of an elephant.

Balfour.

Gang <Xpage=611>

Gang (?) , v. i. [AS. gangan , akin to OS. & OHG. gangan , Icel. ganga , Goth. gaggan ; cf. Lith. <?/engti to walk, Skr. ja<?/gha leg. &root;48. CF. Go .] To go; to walk.

&hand; Obsolete in English literature, but still used in the North of England, and also in Scotland.

Gang <Xpage=611>

Gang , n. [Icel. gangr a going, gang, akin to AS., D., G., & Dan. gang a going, Goth. gaggs street, way. See Gang , v. i. ] 1. A going; a course. [Obs.]

2. A number going in company; hence, a company, or a number of persons associated for a particular purpose; a group of laborers under one foreman; a squad; as, a gang of sailors; a chain gang ; a gang of thieves.

3. A combination of similar implements arranged so as, by acting together, to save time or labor; a set; as, a gang of saws, or of plows .

4. (Naut.) A set; all required for an outfit; as, a new gang of stays .

5. [Cf. Gangue .] (Mining) The mineral substance which incloses a vein; a matrix; a gangue.

Gang board , &or; Gang plank . (Naut.) (a) A board or plank, with cleats for steps, forming a bridge by which to enter or leave a vessel. (b) A plank within or without the bulwarks of a vessel's waist, for the sentinel to walk on. -- Gang cask , a small cask in which to bring water aboard ships or in which it is kept on deck. -- Gang cultivator , Gang plow , a cultivator or plow in which several shares are attached to one frame, so as to make two or more furrows at the same time. -- Gang days , Rogation days; the time of perambulating parishes. See Gang week (below). -- Gang drill , a drilling machine having a number of drills driven from a common shaft. -- Gang master , a master or employer of a gang of workmen. -- Gang plank . See Gang board (above). -- Gang plow . See Gang cultivator (above). -- Gang press , a press for operating upon a pile or row of objects separated by intervening plates. -- Gang saw , a saw fitted to be one of a combination or gang of saws hung together in a frame or sash, and set at fixed distances apart. -- Gang tide . See Gang week (below). -- Gang tooth , a projecting tooth. [Obs.] Halliwell . -- Gang week , Rogation week, when formerly processions were made to survey the bounds of parishes. Halliwell . -- Live gang , &or; Round gang , the Western and the Eastern names, respectively, for a gang of saws for cutting the round log into boards at one operation. Knight . -- Slabbing gang , an arrangement of saws which cuts slabs from two sides of a log, leaving the middle part as a thick beam.

Ganger <Xpage=611>

Gang"er (?) , n. One who oversees a gang of workmen. [R.]

Mayhew.

Gangetic <Xpage=611>

Gan*get"ic (?) , a. Pertaining to, or inhabiting, the Ganges; as, the Gangetic shark .

Gang-flower <Xpage=611>

Gang"-flow`er (?) , n. (Bot.) The common English milkwort ( Polygala vulgaris ), so called from blossoming in gang week.

Dr. Prior.

Gangion <Xpage=611>

Gan"gion (?) , n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A short line attached to a trawl. See Trawl , n.

Gangliac, Ganglial <Xpage=611>

Gan"gli*ac (?) , Gan"gli*al (?) , a. (Anat.) Relating to a ganglion; ganglionic.

Gangliate, Gangliated <Xpage=611>