Chapter 645

Gall (?) , n. [OE. galle , gal , AS. gealla ; akin to D. gal , OS. & OHG. galla , Icel. gall , SW. galla , Dan. galde , L. fel , Gr. <?/, and prob. to E. yellow . <?/ See Yellow , and cf. Choler ] 1. (Physiol.) The bitter, alkaline, viscid fluid found in the gall bladder, beneath the liver. It consists of the secretion of the liver, or bile, mixed with that of the mucous membrane of the gall bladder.

2. The gall bladder.

3. Anything extremely bitter; bitterness; rancor.

He hath . . . compassed me with gall and travail. Lam. iii. 5.

Comedy diverted without gall . Dryden.

4. Impudence; brazen assurance. [Slang]

Gall bladder (Anat.) , the membranous sac, in which the bile, or gall, is stored up, as secreted by the liver; the cholecystis. See Illust . of Digestive apparatus . -- Gall duct , a duct which conveys bile, as the cystic duct, or the hepatic duct. -- Gall sickness , a remitting bilious fever in the Netherlands. Dunglison . -- Gall of the earth (Bot.) , an herbaceous composite plant with variously lobed and cleft leaves, usually the Prenanthes serpentaria .

Gall <Xpage=608>

Gall (?) , n. [F. galle , noix de galle , fr. L. galla .] (Zo\'94l.) An excrescence of any form produced on any part of a plant by insects or their larvae. They are most commonly caused by small Hymenoptera and Diptera which puncture the bark and lay their eggs in the wounds. The larvae live within the galls. Some galls are due to aphids, mites, etc. See Gallnut .

&hand; The galls , or gallnuts , of commerce are produced by insects of the genus Cynips , chiefly on an oak ( Quercus infectoria or Lusitanica ) of Western Asia and Southern Europe. They contain much tannin, and are used in the manufacture of that article and for making ink and a black dye, as well as in medicine.

Gall insect (Zo\'94l.) , any insect that produces galls. -- Gall midge (Zo\'94l.) , any small dipterous insect that produces galls. -- Gall oak , the oak ( Quercus infectoria ) which yields the galls of commerce. -- Gall of glass , the neutral salt skimmed off from the surface of melted crown glass;- called also glass gall and sandiver . Ure. -- Gall wasp . (Zo\'94l.) See Gallfly .

Gall <Xpage=608>

Gall , v. t. (Dyeing) To impregnate with a decoction of gallnuts.

Ure.

Gall <Xpage=608>

Gall , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Galled (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Galling .] [OE. gallen ; cf. F. galer to scratch, rub, gale scurf, scab, G. galle a disease in horses' feet, an excrescence under the tongue of horses; of uncertain origin. Cf. Gall gallnut.] 1. To fret and wear away by friction; to hurt or break the skin of by rubbing; to chafe; to injure the surface of by attrition; as, a saddle galls the back of a horse; to gall a mast or a cable.

I am loth to gall a new-healed wound. Shak.

2. To fret; to vex; as, to be galled by sarcasm .

They that are most galled with my folly, They most must laugh. Shak.

3. To injure; to harass; to annoy; as, the troops were galled by the shot of the enemy .

In our wars against the French of old, we used to gall them with our longbows, at a greater distance than they could shoot their arrows. Addison.

Gall <Xpage=608>

Gall , v. i. To scoff; to jeer. [R.]

Shak.

Gall <Xpage=608>

Gall , n. A wound in the skin made by rubbing.

Gallant <Xpage=608>

Gal"lant (?) , a. [F. gallant , prop. p. pr. of OF. galer to rejoice, akin to OF. gale amusement, It. gala ornament; of German origin; cf. OHG. geil merry, luxuriant, wanton, G. geil lascivious, akin to AS. g<?/l wanton, wicked, OS. g<?/l merry, Goth. gailjan to make to rejoice, or perh. akin to E. weal . See Gala , Galloon .]

1. Showy; splendid; magnificent; gay; well-dressed.

The town is built in a very gallant place. Evelyn.

Our royal, good and gallant ship. Shak.

2. Noble in bearing or spirit; brave; high-spirited; courageous; heroic; magnanimous; as, a gallant youth; a gallant officer.

That gallant spirit hath aspired the clouds. Shak.

The gay, the wise, the gallant , and the grave. Waller.

Syn. -- Gallant , Courageous , Brave . Courageous is generic, denoting an inward spirit which rises above fear; brave is more outward, marking a spirit which braves or defies danger; gallant rises still higher, denoting bravery on extraordinary occasions in a spirit of adventure. A courageous man is ready for battle; a brave man courts it; a gallant man dashes into the midst of the conflict.

Gallant <Xpage=608>

Gal*lant" (?; 277) , a. Polite and attentive to ladies; courteous to women; chivalrous.

Gallant <Xpage=608>

Gal*lant" (?; 277) , n. 1. A man of mettle or spirit; a gay; fashionable man; a young blood.

Shak.

2. One fond of paying attention to ladies.

3. One who wooes; a lover; a suitor; in a bad sense, a seducer.

Addison.

&hand; In the first sense it is by some ortho\'89pists (as in Shakespeare) accented on the first syllable.

Gallant <Xpage=608>

Gal*lant" (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Gallanted ; p. pr. & vb. n. Gallanting .] 1. To attend or wait on, as a lady; as, to gallant ladies to the play .

2. To handle with grace or in a modish manner; as, to gallant a fan . [Obs.]

Addison.

Gallantly <Xpage=608>

Gal*lant"ly (?) , adv. In a polite or courtly manner; like a gallant or wooer.

Gallantly <Xpage=608>

Gal"lant*ly (?) , adv. In a gallant manner.

Gallantness <Xpage=608>

Gal"lant*ness (?) , n. The quality of being gallant.

<page="609"> Page 609

Gallantry <Xpage=609>

Gal"lant*ry (?) , n. ; pl. Gallantries (#) . [F. galanterie .] 1. Splendor of appearance; ostentatious finery. [Archaic]

Guess the gallantry of our church by this . . . when the desk whereon the priest read was inlaid with plates of silver. Fuller.

2. Bravery; intrepidity; as, the troops behaved with great gallantry .

3. Civility or polite attention to ladies; in a bed sense, attention or courtesy designed to win criminal favors from a female; freedom of principle or practice with respect to female virtue; intrigue.

4. Gallant persons, collectively. [R.]

Helenus, Antenor, and all the gallantry of Troy. Shak.

Syn. -- See Courage , and Heroism .

Gallate <Xpage=609>

Gal"late (?; 277) , n. [Cf. F. gallate . See Gall gallnut.] (Chem.) A salt of gallic acid.

Gallature <Xpage=609>

Gal"la*ture (?; 135) , n. [From L. gallus a cock.] (Zo\'94l.) The tread, treadle, or chalasa of an egg.

Galleass <Xpage=609>

Gal"le*ass (?; 135) , n. [F. gal \'82 asse , gal\'82ace ; cf. It. galeazza , Sp. galeaza ; LL. galea a galley. See Galley .] (Naut.) A large galley, having some features of the galleon, as broadside guns; esp., such a vessel used by the southern nations of Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries. See Galleon , and Galley . [Written variously galeas , gallias , etc.]

&hand; "The galleasses . . . were a third larger than the ordinary galley, and rowed each by three hundred galley slaves. They consisted of an enormous towering structure at the stern, a castellated structure almost equally massive in front, with seats for the rowers amidships."

Motley.

Gallegan, Gallego <Xpage=609>

Gal*le"gan (?) , Gal*le"go (? or ?) , n. [Sp. Gallego .] A native or inhabitant of Galicia, in Spain; a Galician.

Galle\'8bn <Xpage=609>

Gal"le*\'8bn (?) , n. [Pyro gallo l + phthal e\'8bn .] (Chem.) A red crystalline dyestuff, obtained by heating together pyrogallic and phthalic acids.

Galleon <Xpage=609>

Gal"le*on (?) , n. [Sp. galeon , cf. F. galion ; fr. LL. galeo , galio . See Galley .] (Naut.) A sailing vessel of the 15th and following centuries, often having three or four decks, and used for war or commerce. The term is often rather indiscriminately applied to any large sailing vessel.

The gallens . . . were huge, round-stemmed, clumsy vessels, with bulwarks three or four feet thick, and built up at stem and stern, like castels. Motley.

Galleot <Xpage=609>

Gal"le*ot (?) , n. (Naut.) See Galiot .

Gallery <Xpage=609>

Gal"ler*y (?) , n. ; pl Galleries (#) . [F. galerie , It. galleria , fr. LL. galeria gallery, perh. orig., a festal hall, banquetting hall; cf. OF. galerie a rejoicing, fr. galer to rejoice. Cf. Gallant , a. ] 1. A long and narrow corridor, or place for walking; a connecting passageway, as between one room and another; also, a long hole or passage excavated by a boring or burrowing animal.

2. A room for the exhibition of works of art; as, a picture gallery ; hence, also, a large or important collection of paintings, sculptures, etc.

3. A long and narrow platform attached to one or more sides of public hall or the interior of a church, and supported by brackets or columns; -- sometimes intended to be occupied by musicians or spectators, sometimes designed merely to increase the capacity of the hall.

4. (Naut.) A frame, like a balcony, projecting from the stern or quarter of a ship, and hence called stern galery or quarter gallry , -- seldom found in vessels built since 1850.

5. (Fort.) Any communication which is covered overhead as well as at the sides. When prepared for defense, it is a defensive galery .

6. (Mining) A working drift or level.

Whispering gallery . See under Whispering .

Galletyle <Xpage=609>

Gal"le*tyle (?) , n. [OE. gallytile . Cf. Gallipot .] A little tile of glazed earthenware. [Obs.] "The substance of galletyle ."

Bacon.

Galley <Xpage=609>

Gal"ley (?) , n. ; pl. Galleys (#) . [OE. gale , galeie (cf. OF. galie , gal\'82e , LL. galea , LGr. <?/; of unknown origin.] 1. (Naut.) A vessel propelled by oars, whether having masts and sails or not ; as: (a) A large vessel for war and national purposes; -- common in the Middle Ages, and down to the 17th century . (b) A name given by analogy to the Greek, Roman, and other ancient vessels propelled by oars . (c) A light, open boat used on the Thames by customhouse officers, press gangs, and also for pleasure . (d) One of the small boats carried by a man-of-war.

&hand; The typical galley of the Mediterranean was from one hundred to two hundred feet long, often having twenty oars on each side. It had two or three masts rigged with lateen sails, carried guns at prow and stern, and a complement of one thousand to twelve hundred men, and was very efficient in mediaeval walfare. Galleons, galliots, galleasses, half galleys, and quarter galleys were all modifications of this type.

2. The cookroom or kitchen and cooking apparatus of a vessel; -- sometimes on merchant vessels called the caboose .

3. (Chem.) An oblong oven or muffle with a battery of retorts; a gallery furnace.

4. [F. gal\'82e ; the same word as E. galley a vessel.] (Print.) (a) An oblong tray of wood or brass, with upright sides, for holding type which has been set, or is to be made up, etc. (b) A proof sheet taken from type while on a galley; a galley proof.

Galley slave , a person condemned, often as a punishment for crime, to work at the oar on board a galley. "To toil like a galley slave ." Macaulay. -- Galley slice (Print.) , a sliding false bottom to a large galley. Knight.

Galley-bird <Xpage=609>

Gal"ley-bird` (?) , n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zo\'94l.) The European green woodpecker; also, the spotted woodpecker. [Prov. Eng.]

Galley-worm <Xpage=609>

Gal"ley-worm` (?) , n. [Prob. so called because the numerous legs along the sides move rhythmically like the oars of a galley.] (Zo\'94l.) A chilognath myriapod of the genus Iulus , and allied genera, having numerous short legs along the sides; a milliped or "thousand legs." See Chilognatha .

Gallfly <Xpage=609>

Gall"fly` (?) , n. ; pl. Gallflies (<?/) . (Zo\'94l.) An insect that deposits its eggs in plants, and occasions galls, esp. any small hymenopteran of the genus Cynips and allied genera. See Illust . of Gall .

Gallyambic <Xpage=609>

Gal`ly*am"bic (?) , a. [L. galliambus a song used by the priests of Cybele; Gallus (a name applied to these priests) + iambus ] (Pros.) Consisting of two iambic dimeters catalectic, the last of which lacks the final syllable; -- said of a kind of verse.

Gallian <Xpage=609>

Gal"li*an (?) , a. [See Gallic .] Gallic; French. [Obs.]

Shak.

Galliard <Xpage=609>

Gal"liard (?) , a. [OE., fr. F. gaillard , perh. of Celtic origin; cf. Ir. & Gael. galach valiant, or AS. gagol , geagl , wanton, lascivious.] Gay; brisk; active. [Obs.]

Galliard <Xpage=609>

Gal"liard , n. A brisk, gay man. [Obs.]

Selden is a galliard by himself. Cleveland.

Galliard <Xpage=609>

Gal"liard , n. [F. gaillarde , cf. Sp. gallarda . See Galliard , a. ] A gay, lively dance. Cf. Gailliarde .

Never a hall such a galliard did grace. Sir. W. Scott.

Galliardise <Xpage=609>

Gal`liard*ise (?) , n. [F. gaillardise . See Galliard , a. ] Excessive gayety; merriment. [Obs.]

The mirth and galliardise of company. Sir. T. Browne.

Galliardness <Xpage=609>

Gal"liard*ness , n. Gayety. [Obs.]

Gayton.

Galliass <Xpage=609>

Gal"li*ass (?) , n. Same as Galleass .

Gallic <Xpage=609>

Gal"lic (?) , a. [From Gallium .] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing, gallium.

Gallic <Xpage=609>

Gal"lic (277) , a. [From Gall the excrescence.] Pertaining to, or derived from, galls, nutgalls, and the like.

Gallic acid (Chem.) , an organic acid, very widely distributed in the vegetable kingdom, being found in the free state in galls, tea, etc., and produced artificially. It is a white, crystalline substance, C6H2(HO)3.CO2H , with an astringent taste, and is a strong reducing agent, as employed in photography. It is usually prepared from tannin, and both give a dark color with iron salts, forming tannate and gallate of iron, which are the essential ingredients of common black ink.

Gallic <Xpage=609>

Gal"lic (?) , a. [L. Gallicus belonging to the Gauls, fr. Galli the Gauls, Gallia Gaul, now France: cf. F. gallique .] Pertaining to Gaul or France; Gallican.

Gallican <Xpage=609>

Gal"li*can (?) , a. [L. Gallicanus : cf. F. gallican .] Of or pertaining to Gaul or France; Gallic; French; as, the Gallican church or clergy .

Gallican <Xpage=609>

Gal"li*can , n. An adherent to, and supporter of, Gallicanism.

Shipley.

Gallicanism <Xpage=609>

Gal"li*can*ism (?) , n. The principles, tendencies, or action of those, within the Roman Catholic Church in France, who (esp. in 1682) sought to restrict the papal authority in that country and increase the power of the national church.

Schaff-Herzog Encyc.

Gallicism <Xpage=609>

Gal"li*cism (?) , n. [F. gallicisme .] A mode of speech peculiar to the French; a French idiom; also, in general, a French mode or custom.

Gallicize <Xpage=609>

Gal"li*cize (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Gallicized (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Gallicizing (?) .] To conform to the French mode or idiom.

Gallied <Xpage=609>

Gal"lied (?) , p. p. & a. (Naut.) Worried; flurried; frightened.

Ham. Nav. Encyc.

Galliform <Xpage=609>

Gal"li*form (?) , a. (Zo\'94l.) Like the Gallinae (or Galliformes ) in structure.

Galligaskins <Xpage=609>

Gal`li*gas"kins (?) , n. pl. [Prob. corrupted fr. It. Grechesco Grecian, a name which seems to have been given in Venice, and to have been afterwards confused with Gascony , as if they came from Gascony.] Loose hose or breeches; leather leg quards. The word is used loosely and often in a jocose sense.

Gallimatia <Xpage=609>

Gal`li*ma"ti*a (? &or; ?) , n. Senseless talk. [Obs. or R.] See Galimatias .

Gallimaufry <Xpage=609>

Gal`li*mau"fry (?) , n. ; pl. Gallimaufries (#) . [F. galimafr\'82e a sort of ragout or mixed hash of different meats.] 1. A hash of various kinds of meats, a ragout.

Delighting in hodge-podge, gallimaufries , forced meat. King.

2. Any absurd medley; a hotchpotch.

The Mahometan religion, which, being a gallimaufry made up of many, partakes much of the Jewish. South.

Gallin <Xpage=609>

Gal"lin (?) , n. (Chem.) A substance obtained by the reduction of galle\'8bn.

Gallinaceae <Xpage=609>

Gal"li*nace*ae (?) , n. pl. [NL. See Gallinaceous .] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Gallinae .

Gallinacean <Xpage=609>

Gal`li*na"cean (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Gallinae or gallinaceous birds.

Gallinaceous <Xpage=609>

Gal`li*na"ceous (?) , a. [L. gallinaceus , fr. gallina hen, fr. gallus cock.] (Zo\'94l.) Resembling the domestic fowls and pheasants; of or pertaining to the Gallinae.

Gallinae <Xpage=609>

Gal*li"nae (?) , n. ; pl . [NL., fr. L. gallina a hen, gallus a cock.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of birds, including the common domestic fowls, pheasants, grouse, quails, and allied forms; -- sometimes called Rasores .

Galling <Xpage=609>

Gall"ing (?) , a. Fitted to gall or chafe; vexing; harassing; irritating. -- Gall"ing*ly , adv.

Gallinipper <Xpage=609>

Gal"li*nip`per (?) , n. A large mosquito.

Gallinule <Xpage=609>