Chapter 644

Syn. -- To obtain; acquire; get; procure; win; earn; attain; achieve. See Obtain . -- To Gain , Win . Gain implies only that we get something by exertion; win , that we do it in competition with others. A person gains knowledge, or gains a prize, simply by striving for it; he wins a victory, or wins a prize, by taking it in a struggle with others.

Gain <Xpage=607>

Gain (?) , v. i. To have or receive advantage or profit; to acquire gain; to grow rich; to advance in interest, health, or happiness; to make progress; as, the sick man gains daily .

Thou hast greedily gained of thy neighbors by extortion. Ezek. xxii. 12.

Gaining twist , in rifled firearms, a twist of the grooves, which increases regularly from the breech to the muzzle. To gain on &or; upon . (a) To encroach on; as, the ocean gains on the land . (b) To obtain influence with. (c) To win ground upon; to move faster than, as in a race or contest. (d) To get the better of; to have the advantage of.

The English have not only gained upon the Venetians in the Levant, but have their cloth in Venice itself. Addison.

My good behavior had so far gained on the emperor, that I began to conceive hopes of liberty. Swift.

Gainable <Xpage=607>

Gain"a*ble (?) , a. [CF. F. gagnable . See Gain , v. t. ] Capable of being obtained or reached.

Sherwood.

Gainage <Xpage=607>

Gain"age (?, 48) , n. [OF. gaignage pasturage, crop, F. gaignage pasturage. See Gain , v. t. ] (O. Eng. Law) (a) The horses, oxen, plows, wains or wagons and implements for carrying on tillage. (b) The profit made by tillage; also, the land itself.

Bouvier.

Gainer <Xpage=607>

Gain"er (?) , n. One who gains.

Shak.

Gainful <Xpage=607>

Gain"ful (?) , a. Profitable; advantageous; lucrative. "A gainful speculation." Macaulay . -- Gain"ful*ly , adv. -- Gain"ful*ness , n.

Gaingiving <Xpage=607>

Gain"giv`ing (?) , n. [See Again , and Give .] A misgiving. [Obs.]

Gainless <Xpage=607>

Gain"less , a. Not producing gain; unprofitable. Hammond . -- Gain"less/ness , n.

Gainly <Xpage=607>

Gain"ly , adv. [See Gain , a. ] Handily; readily; dexterously; advantageously. [Obs.]

Dr. H. More.

Gainpain <Xpage=607>

Gain"pain` (?) , n. [F. gagner to gain + pain bread.] Bread-gainer; -- a term applied in the Middle Ages to the sword of a hired soldier.

Gainsay <Xpage=607>

Gain`say" (? &or; ?; 277) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Gainsaid (? &or; ?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Gainsaying .] [OE. geinseien , ageinseien . See Again , and Say to utter.] To contradict; to deny; to controvert; to dispute; to forbid.

I will give you a mouth and wisdom which all your adversaries shall not be able to gainsay nor resist. Luke xxi. 15.

The just gods gainsay That any drop thou borrow'dst from thy mother, My sacred aunt, should by my mortal sword Be drained. Shak.

Gainsayer <Xpage=607>

Gain`say"er (?) , n. One who gainsays, contradicts, or denies. "To convince the gainsayers ."

Tit. i. 9.

Gainsome <Xpage=607>

Gain"some (?) , a. 1. Gainful.

2. Prepossessing; well-favored. [Obs.]

Massinger.

'Gainst <Xpage=607>

'Gainst (?) , prep. A contraction of Against .

Gainstand <Xpage=607>

Gain"stand` (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Gainstood ; p. pr. & vb. n. gainstanding .] [See Again , and Stand .] To withstand; to resist. [Obs.]

Durst . . . gainstand the force of so many enraged desires. Sir P. Sidney.

Gainstrive <Xpage=607>

Gain"strive` (?) , v. t. & i. [See Again , and Strive .] To strive or struggle against; to withstand. [Obs.]

Spenser.

Gairfowl <Xpage=607>

Gair"fowl` (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) See Garefowl .

Gairish, a., Gairishly, adv., Gairish/ness <Xpage=607>

Gair"ish (?) , a. , Gair"ish*ly , adv. , Gair"ish/ness , n. Same as Garish , Garishly , Garishness .

Gait <Xpage=607>

Gait (?) , n. [See Gate a way.] 1. A going; a walk; a march; a way.

Good gentleman, go your gait , and let poor folks pass. Shak.

2. Manner of walking or stepping; bearing or carriage while moving.

'T is Cinna; I do know him by his gait . Shak.

Gaited <Xpage=607>

Gait"ed (?) , a. Having (such) a gait; -- used in composition; as, slow- gaited ; heavy- gaited .

Gaiter <Xpage=607>

Gait"er (?) , n. [F. gu\'88tre , cf. Armor. gweltren ; or perh. of German origin, and akin to E. wear , v.] 1. A covering of cloth or leather for the ankle and instep, or for the whole leg from the knee to the instep, fitting down upon the shoe.

<page="608"> Page 608

2. A kind of shoe, consisting of cloth, and covering the ankle.

Gaiter <Xpage=608>

Gai"ter (?) , v. t. To dress with gaiters.

Gaitre, Gaytre <Xpage=608>

Gai"tre , Gay"tre (<?/) , n. [OE. Cf. Gatten tree .] The dogwood tree. [Obs.]

Chaucer.

Gala <Xpage=608>

Ga"la (?) , n. [F. gala show, pomp, fr. It. gala finery, gala; of German origin. See Gallant .] Pomp, show, or festivity.

Macaulay.

Gala day , a day of mirth and festivity; a holiday.

Galacta-gogue <Xpage=608>

Ga*lac"ta-gogue (?) , n. [Gr. <?/, <?/, milk + <?/ to lead.] (Med.) An agent exciting secretion of milk.

Galactic <Xpage=608>

Ga*lac"tic (?) , a. [Gr. <?/ milky, fr. <?/, <?/, milk. See Galaxy , and cf. Lactic .] 1. Of or pertaining to milk; got from milk; as, galactic acid .

2. Of or pertaining to the galaxy or Milky Way.

Galactic circle (Astron.) , the great circle of the heavens, to which the course of the galaxy most nearly conforms. Herschel . -- Galactic poles , the poles of the galactic circle.

Galactin <Xpage=608>

Ga*lac"tin (?) , n. [Gr. <?/, <?/, milk. Cf. Lactin .] (Chem.) (a) An amorphous, gelatinous substance containing nitrogen, found in milk and other animal fluids. It resembles peptone, and is variously regarded as a coagulating or emulsifying agent. (b) A white waxy substance found in the sap of the South American cow tree ( Galactodendron ). (c) An amorphous, gummy carbohydrate resembling gelose, found in the seeds of leguminous plants, and yielding on decomposition several sugars, including galactose.

Galactodensimeter <Xpage=608>

Ga*lac`to*den*sim"e*ter (?) , n. [Gr. <?/, <?/ + E. densimeter .] Same as Galactometer .

Galactometer <Xpage=608>

Gal`ac*tom"e*ter (?) , n. [Gr. <?/, <?/, milk + -meter : cf. F. galactom\'8atre . Cf. Lactometer .] An instrument for ascertaining the quality of milk ( i.e. , its richness in cream) by determining its specific gravity; a lactometer.

Galactophagist <Xpage=608>

Gal`ac*toph"a*gist (?) , n. [Gr. <?/, <?/, milk + <?/ to eat: cf. <?/ to live on milk.] One who eats, or subsists on, milk.

Galactophagous <Xpage=608>

Gal`ac*toph"a*gous (?) , a. [Gr. <?/: cf. F. galactophade .] Feeding on milk.

Galactophorous <Xpage=608>

Gal`ac*toph"o*rous (?) , a. [Gr. <?/; <?/, <?/, milk + <?/ to bear: cf. F. galactophore . Cf. Lactiferous .] (Anat.) Milk-carrying; lactiferous; -- applied to the ducts of mammary glands.

Galactopoietic <Xpage=608>

Ga*lac`to*poi*et"ic (?) , a. [Gr. <?/, <?/, milk + <?/ capable of making; fr. <?/ to make.] (Med.) Increasing the flow of milk; milk-producing. -- n. A galactopoietic substance.

Galactose <Xpage=608>

Ga*lac"tose (?) , n. (Chem.) A white, crystalline sugar, C6H12O6 , isomeric with dextrose, obtained by the decomposition of milk sugar, and also from certain gums. When oxidized it forms mucic acid. Called also lactose (though it is not lactose proper). <-- lactose is a dimeric form of galactose, converted to galactose by acid or enzymatic activity (beta-galactosidase) -->

Galage <Xpage=608>

Ga*lage" (?) , n. (Obs.) See Galoche .

Spenser.

Galago <Xpage=608>

Ga*la"go (?) , n. ; pl. Galagos (#) . [Native name.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of African lemurs, including numerous species.

&hand; The grand galago ( Galago crassicaudata ) is about the size of a cat; the mouse galago ( G. murinus )is about the size of a mouse.

Galanga, Galangal <Xpage=608>

Ga*lan"ga (?) , Ga*lan"gal (?) , n. [OE. galingale , OF. galingal , garingal , F. galanga (cf. Sp. galanga ), prob. fr. Ar. khalanj<?/n . ] The pungent aromatic rhizome or tuber of certain East Indian or Chinese species of Alpinia ( A. Galanga and A. officinarum ) and of the K\'91mpferia Galanga ), -- all of the Ginger family.

Galantine <Xpage=608>

Gal"an*tine (? or ?) , n. [F. galantine .] A dish of veal, chickens, or other white meat, freed from bones, tied up, boiled, and served cold.

Smart.

Galapee tree <Xpage=608>

Gal"a*pee` tree" (?) , (Bot.) The West Indian Sciadophyllum Brownei , a tree with very large digitate leaves.

Galatian <Xpage=608>

Ga*la"tian (?) , a. Of or pertaining to Galatia or its inhabitants. -- A native or inhabitant of Galatia, in Asia Minor; a descendant of the Gauls who settled in Asia Minor.

Galaxy <Xpage=608>

Gal"ax*y (?) , n. ; pl. Galaxies (#) . [F. galaxie , L. galaxias , fr. Gr. <?/ (sc. <?/ circle), fr. <?/, <?/, milk; akin to L. lac . CF. Lacteal .]

1. (Astron.) The Milky Way; that luminous tract, or belt, which is seen at night stretching across the heavens, and which is composed of innumerable stars, so distant and blended as to be distinguishable only with the telescope. The term has recently been used for remote clusters of stars.

Nichol.

2. A splendid assemblage of persons or things.

Galban, Galbanum <Xpage=608>

Gal"ban , Gal"ba*num (?) , n. [L. galbanum , Gr. <?/, prob. from Heb. klekb'n<?/h : cf. F. galbanum .] A gum resin exuding from the stems of certain Asiatic umbelliferous plants, mostly species of Ferula . The Bubon Galbanum of South Africa furnishes an inferior kind of galbanum. It has an acrid, bitter taste, a strong, unpleasant smell, and is used for medical purposes, also in the arts, as in the manufacture of varnish.

Gale <Xpage=608>

Gale (?) , n. [Prob. of Scand.. origin; cf. Dan. gal furious, Icel. galinn , cf. Icel. gala to sing, AS. galan to sing, Icel. galdr song, witchcraft, AS. galdor charm, sorcery, E. nightin gale ; also, Icel. gj <?/ la gust of wind, gola breeze. Cf. Yell .] 1. A strong current of air; a wind between a stiff breeze and a hurricane. The most violent gales are called tempests .

&hand; Gales have a velocity of from about eighteen ("moderate") to about eighty ("very heavy") miles an our.

Sir. W. S. Harris.

2. A moderate current of air; a breeze.

A little gale will soon disperse that cloud. Shak.

And winds of gentlest gale Arabian odors fanned From their soft wings. Milton.

3. A state of excitement, passion, or hilarity.

The ladies, laughing heartily, were fast getting into what, in New England, is sometimes called a gale . Brooke (Eastford).

Topgallant gale (Naut.) , one in which a ship may carry her topgallant sails.

Gale <Xpage=608>

Gale (?) , v. i. (Naut.) To sale, or sail fast.

Gale <Xpage=608>

Gale , n [OE. gal . See Gale wind.] A song or story. [Obs.]

Toone.

Gale <Xpage=608>

Gale , v. i. [AS. galan . See 1st Gale .] To sing. [Obs.] "Can he cry and gale ."

Court of Love.

Gale <Xpage=608>

Gale , n [AS. gagel , akin to D. gagel .] (Bot.) A plant of the genus Myrica , growing in wet places, and strongly resembling the bayberry. The sweet gale ( Myrica Gale ) is found both in Europe and in America.

Gale <Xpage=608>

Gale , n. [Cf. Gabel .] The payment of a rent or annuity. [Eng.]

Mozley & W.

Gale day , the day on which rent or interest is due.

Galea <Xpage=608>

Ga"le*a (?) , n. [L., a helmet. ] 1. (Bot.) The upper lip or helmet-shaped part of a labiate flower.

2. (Surg.) A kind of bandage for the head.

3. (Pathol.) Headache extending all over the head.

4. (Paleon.) A genus of fossil echini, having a vaulted, helmet-shaped shell.

5. (Zo\'94l.) The anterior, outer process of the second joint of the maxillae in certain insects.

Galeas <Xpage=608>

Gal"e*as (?) , n. See Galleass .

Galeate, Galeated <Xpage=608>

Ga"le*ate (?) , Ga"le*a`ted (?) , a. [L. galeatus , p.p. of galeare helmet.] 1. Wearing a helmet; protected by a helmet; covered, as with a helmet.

2. (Biol.) Helmeted; having a helmetlike part, as a crest, a flower, etc.; helmet-shaped.

Galei <Xpage=608>

Ga"le*i (?) , n. pl. [NL., fr. Galeus , name of one genus, fr. Gr. <?/ a kind of shark.] (Zo\'94l.) That division of elasmobranch fishes which includes the sharks.

Galena <Xpage=608>

Ga*le"na (?) , n. [L. galena lead ore, dross that remains after melting lead: cf. F. gal\'8ane sulphide of lead ore, antidote to prison, stillness of the sea, calm, tranquility.]

1. (Med.) A remedy or antidose for poison; theriaca. [Obs.]

Parr.

2. (Min.) Lead sulphide; the principal ore of lead. It is of a bluish gray color and metallic luster, and is cubic in crystallization and cleavage.

False galena . See Blende .

Galenic, Galenical <Xpage=608>

Ga*len"ic (?) , Ga*len"ic*al (<?/) , a. Pertaining to, or containing, galena.

Galenic, Galenical <Xpage=608>

Ga*len"ic , Ga*len"ic*al , an. [From Galen , the physician.] Relating to Galen or to his principles and method of treating diseases.

Dunglison.

Galenic pharmacy , that branch of pharmacy which relates to the preparation of medicines by infusion, decoction, etc., as distinguished from those which are chemically prepared.

Galenism <Xpage=608>

Ga"len*ism (?) , n. The doctrines of Galen.

Galenist <Xpage=608>

Ga*len*ist , n. A follower of Galen.

Galenite <Xpage=608>

Ga*le"nite (?) , n. (Min.) Galena; lead ore.

Gale-opithecus <Xpage=608>

Ga`le-o*pi*the"cus (?) , n. [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a weasel + <?/ an ape.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of flying Insectivora, formerly called flying lemurs . See Colugo .

Galericu-late <Xpage=608>

Gal`er*ic"u-late (?) , a. [L. galericulum , dim. of galerum a hat or cap, fr. galea helmet.] Covered as with a hat or cap.

Smart.

Galerite <Xpage=608>

Gal"er*ite (?) , n. [L. galerum a hat, cap: cf. F. gal\'82rite .] (Paleon.) A cretaceous fossil sea urchin of the genus Galerites .

Galician <Xpage=608>

Ga*li"cian (?) , a. [Cf. Sp. Galiciano , Gallego , fr. L. Gallaecus , Gallaicus , fr. Gallaeci a people in Western Spain.] Of or pertaining to Galicia, in Spain, or to Galicia, the kingdom of Austrian Poland. -- n. A native of Galicia in Spain; -- called also Gallegan .

Galilean <Xpage=608>

Gal`i*le"an (?) , a. Of or pertaining to Galileo; as, the Galilean telescope . See Telescope .

Galilean <Xpage=608>

Gal`i*le"an (?) , a. [L. Galilaeus , fr. Galilaea Galilee, Gr. <?/: cf. F. galil\'82en .] Of or relating to Galilee.

Galilean <Xpage=608>

Gal`i*le"an , n. 1. A native or inhabitant of Galilee, the northern province of Palestine under the Romans.

2. (Jewish Hist.) One of the party among the Jews, who opposed the payment of tribute to the Romans; -- called also Gaulonite .

3. A Christian in general; -- used as a term of reproach by Mohammedans and Pagans.

Byron.

Galilee <Xpage=608>

Gal"i*lee (?) , n. [Supposed to have been so termed in allusion to the scriptural "Galilee of the Gentiles." cf. OF. galil\'82e .] (Arch.) A porch or waiting room, usually at the west end of an abbey church, where the monks collected on returning from processions, where bodies were laid previous to interment, and where women were allowed to see the monks to whom they were related, or to hear divine service. Also, frequently applied to the porch of a church, as at Ely and Durham cathedrals.

Gwilt.

Galimatias <Xpage=608>

Gal`i*ma"tias (?) , n. [F.] Nonsense; gibberish; confused and unmeaning talk; confused mixture.

Her dress, like her talk, is a galimatias of several countries. Walpole.

Galingale <Xpage=608>

Gal"in*gale (?) , n. [See Galangal .] (Bot.) A plant of the Sedge family ( Cyperus longus ) having aromatic roots; also, any plant of the same genus.

Chaucer.

Meadow, set with slender galingale . Tennyson.

Galiot <Xpage=608>

Gal"i*ot (?) , n. [OE. galiote , F. galiote . See Galley .] (Naut.) (a) A small galley, formerly used in the Mediterranean, built mainly for speed. It was moved both by sails and oars, having one mast, and sixteen or twenty seats for rowers. (b) A strong, light-draft, Dutch merchant vessel, carrying a mainmast and a mizzenmast, and a large gaff mainsail.

Galipot <Xpage=608>

Gal"i*pot (?) , n. [F. galipot ; cf. OF. garipot the wild pine or pitch tree.] An impure resin of turpentine, hardened on the outside of pine trees by the spontaneous evaporation of its essential oil. When purified, it is called yellow pitch , white pitch , or Burgundy pitch .

Gall <Xpage=608>