Chapter 632

Ftic"tion (?) , n. [L. frictio , fr. fricare , frictum ,to rub: cf. F. friction . See Fray to rub, arid cf. Dentifrice .] 1. The act of rubbing the surface of one body against that of another; attrition; in hygiene, the act of rubbing the body with the hand, with flannel, or with a brush etc., to excite the skin to healthy action.

2. (Mech.) The resistance which a body meets with from the surface on which it moves. It may be resistance to sliding motion, or to rolling motion.

3. A clashing between two persons or parties in opinions or work; a disagreement tending to prevent or retard progress.

Angle of friction (Mech.) , the angle which a plane onwhich a body is lying makes with a horizontal plane,when the hody is just ready to slide dewn the plane. This angle varies for different bodies, and for planes of different materials. -- Anti-friction wheels (Mach.) , wheels turning freely on small pivots, and sustaining, at the angle formed by their circumferences, the pivot or journal of a revolving shaft, to relieve it of friction; -- called also friction wheels . -- Friction balls , or Friction rollers , balls or rollers placed so as to receive the pressure or weight of bodies in motion, and relieve friction, as in the hub of a bicycle wheel. -- Friction brake (Mach.) , a form of dynamometer for measuring the power a motor exerts. A clamp around the revolving shaft or fly wheel of the motor resists the motion by its friction, the work thus absorbed being ascertained by observing the force required to keep the clamp from revolving with the shaft; a Prony brake. -- Friction chocks , brakes attached to the common standing garrison carriages of guns, so as to raise the trucks or wheels off the platform when the gun begins to recoil, and prevent its running back. Earrow . -- Friction clutch , Friction coupling , an engaging and disengaging gear for revolving shafts, pulleys, etc., acting by friction ; esp.: (a) A device in which a piece on one shaft or pulley is so forcibly pressed against a piece on another shaft that the two will revolve together; as, in the illustration, the cone a on one shaft, when thrust forcibly into the corresponding hollow cone b on the other shaft, compels the shafts to rotate together, by the hold the friction of the conical surfaces gives. (b) A toothed clutch, one member of which, instead of being made fast on its shaft, is held by friction and can turn, by slipping, under excessive strain or in starting. -- Friction drop hammer , one in which the hammer is raised for striking by the friction of revolving rollers which nip the hammer rod. -- Friction gear . See Frictional gearing , under Frictional . -- Friction machine , an electrical machine, generating electricity by friction. -- Friction meter , an instrument for measuring friction, as in testing lubricants. -- Friction powder , Friction composition , a composition of chlorate of potassium, antimony, sulphide, etc, which readily ignites by friction. -- Friction primer , Friction tube , a tube used for firing cannon by means of the friction of a roughened wire in the friction powder or composition with which the tube is filled -- Friction wheel (Mach.) , one of the wheels in frictional gearing. See under Frictional .

Frictional <Xpage=596>

Fric"tion*al (?) , a. Relating to friction; moved by friction; produced by friction; as, frictional electricity .

Frictional gearing , wheels which transmit motion by surface friction instead of teeth. The faces are sometimes made more or less V-shaped to increase or decrease friction, as required.

Frictionless <Xpage=596>

Fric"tion*less , a. Having no friction.

Friday <Xpage=596>

Fri"day (?) , n. [AS. friged\'91g , fr. Frigu , the gooddes of marriage; friqu love + d\'91g day; cf. Icel. Frigg name of a goddess, the wife of Odin or Wodan, OHG. Fr\'c6atag , Isel. Frj\'bedagr . AS. frigu is prob. from the root of E. friend , free . See Free , and Day .] The sixth day of the week, following Thursday and preceding Saturday.

Fridge <Xpage=596>

Fridge (?) , v. t. [AS. frician to dance, from free bold. Cf. Freak , n. ] To rub; to fray. [Obs.]

Sterne.

Fridstol, Frithstool <Xpage=596>

Frid"stol` (?) , Frith`stool" (?) , n. [AS. fri<?/st<?/ l. See Fred , and Stool .] A seat in churches near the altar, to which offenders formerly fled for sanctuary. [Written variously fridstool , freedstool , etc.] [Obs.]

Fried <Xpage=596>

Fried (?) , imp. & p. p. of Fry .

Friend <Xpage=596>

Friend (?) , n. [OR. frend , freond , AS. fre\'a2nd , prop. p. pr. of fre\'a2n , fre\'a2gan , to love; akin to D. vriend friend, OS. friund friend, friohan to love, OHG. friunt friend, G. freund , Icel. fr\'91ndi kinsman, Sw. fr\'84nde . Goth. frij<?/nds friend, frij<?/n to love. &root;83. See Free , and cf. Fiend .] 1. One who entertains for another suo<???/] sentiments of esteem, respect, and affection that he scens hie society aud welfare; a wellwisher; an intimate associate; sometimes, an attendant.

Want gives to know the flatterer from the friend . Dryden.

A friend that sticketh closer than a brother. Prov. xviii. 24.

2. One not inimical or hostile; one not a foe or enemy; also, one of the same nation, party, kin, etc., whose friendly feelings may be assumed. The word is some times used as a term of friendly address.

Friend , how camest thou in hither? Matt. xxii. 12.

3. One who looks propitiously on a cause, an institution, a project, and the like; a favorer; a promoter; as, a friend to commerce, to poetry, to an institution .

4. One of a religious sect characterized by disuse of outward rites and an ordained ministry, by simplicity of dress and speech, and esp. by opposition to war and a desire to live at peace with all men. They are popularly called Quakers.

America was first visited by Friends in 1656. T. Chase.

5. A paramour of either sex. [Obs.]

Shak.

A friend at court &or; in court , one disposed to act as a friend in a place of special opportunity or influence. -- To be friends with , to have friendly relations with. "He's . . . friends with C\'91sar." Shak . -- To make friends with , to become reconciled to or on friendly terms with. "Having now made friends with the Athenians." Jowett (Thucyd. ) .

Friend <Xpage=596>

Friend , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Friended ; p. pr, & vb. n. Friending .] To act as the friend of; to favor; to countenance; to befriend. [Obs.]

Fortune friends the bold. Spenser.

Friended <Xpage=596>

Friend"ed , a. 1. Having friends; [Obs.]

2. Iuclined to love; well-disposed. [Obs.]

Shak.

Friending <Xpage=596>

Friend"ing , n. Friendliness. [Obs.]

Shak.

Friendless <Xpage=596>

Friend"less , a. [AS. fre\'a2ndle\'a0s .] Destitute of friends; forsaken. -- Friend"less*ness , n.

Friendlily <Xpage=596>

Friend"li*ly (?) , adv. In a friendly manner.

Pope.

Friendliness <Xpage=596>

Friend"li*ness , n. The condition or quality of being friendly.

Sir P. Sidney.

Friendly <Xpage=596>

Friend"ly , a. [AS. fre\'82ndl&imac;ce .] 1. Having the temper and disposition of a friend; disposed to promote the good of another; kind; favorable.

2. Appropriate to, or implying, friendship; befitting friends; amicable.

In friendly relations with his moderate opponents. Macaulay.

3. Not hostile; as, a friendly power or state .

4. Promoting the good of any person; favorable; propitious; serviceable; as, a friendly breeze or gale .

On the first friendly bank he throws him down. Addison.

Syn. -- Amicable; kind; conciliatory; propitious; favorable. See Amicable .

Friendly <Xpage=596>

Friend"ly , adv. In the manner of friends; amicably; like friends. [Obs.]

Shak.

In whom all graces that can perfect beauty Are friendly met. Beau. & Fl.

Friendship <Xpage=596>

Friend"ship , n. [AS. fre\'a2ndscipe . See Friend , and -ship .] 1. The state of being friends; friendly relation, or attachment, to a person, or between persons; affection arising from mutual esteem and good will; friendliness; amity; good will.

There is little friendship in the world. Bacon.

There can be no friendship without confidence, and no confidence without integrity. Rambler.

Preferred by friendship , and not chosen by sufficiency. Spenser.

2. Kindly aid; help; assistance, [Obs.]

Some friendship will it [a hovel] lend you gainst the tempest. Shak.

3. Aptness to unite; conformity; affinity; harmony; correspondence. [Obs.]

Those colors . . . have a friendship with each other. Dryden.

Frier <Xpage=596>

Fri"er (?) , n. One who fries.

Friese <Xpage=596>

Friese (?) , n. Same as Friesic , n.

Friesic <Xpage=596>

Fries"ic (?) , a. Of or pertaining to Friesland, a province in the northern part of the Netherlands.

Friesic <Xpage=596>

Fries"ic , n. The language of the Frisians, a Teutonic people formerly occupying a large part of the coast of Holland and Northwestern Germany. The modern dialects of Friesic are spoken chiefly in the province of Friesland, and on some of the islands near the coast of Germany and Denmark.

Friesish <Xpage=596>

Fries"ish , a. Friesic. [R.]

Frieze <Xpage=596>

Frieze (?) , n. [Perh. the same word as frieze a, kind of cloth. Cf. Friz .] (Arch.) (a) That part of the entablature of an order which is between the architrave and cornice. It is a flat member or face, either uniform or broken by triglyphs, and often enriched with figures and other ornaments of sculpture. (b) Any sculptured or richly ornamented band in a building or, by extension, in rich pieces of furniture. See Illust . of Column .

Cornice or frieze with bossy sculptures graven. Milton.

Frieze <Xpage=596>

Frieze (?) , n. [F. frise , perh. originally a woolen cloth or stuff from Friesland (F. Frise ); cf. LL. frisii panni and frissatus pannus , a shaggy woolen cloth, F. friser to friz, curl. Cf. Friz .] A kind of coarse woolen cloth or stuff with a shaggy or tufted (friezed) nap on one side. "Robes of frieze ."

Goldsmith.

Frieze <Xpage=596>

Frieze , v. t. To make a nap on (cloth); to friz. See Friz , v. t. , 2 .

Friezing machine , a machine for friezing cloth; a friezing machine.

<page="597"> Page 597

Friezed <Xpage=597>

Friezed (?) , a. Gathered, or having the map gathered, into little tufts, knots, or protuberances. Cf. Frieze , v. t. , and Friz , v. t. , 2 .

Friezer <Xpage=597>

Frie"zer (?) , n. One who, or that which, friezes or frizzes.

Frigate <Xpage=597>

Frig"ate (?) , n. [F. fr\'82gate , It. fregata , prob. contracted fr. L. fabricata something constructed or. built. See Fabricate .] 1. Originally, a vessel of the Mediterranean propelled by sails and by oars. The French, about 1650, transferred the name to larger vessels, and by 1750 it had been appropriated for a class of war vessels intermediate between corvettes and ships of the line. Frigates, from about 1750 to 1850, had one full battery deck and, often, a spar deck with a lighter battery. They carried sometimes as many as fifty guns. After the application of steam to navigation steam frigates of largely increased size and power were built, and formed the main part of the navies of the world till about 1870, when the introduction of ironclads superseded them. [Formerly spelled frigat and friggot .]

2. Any small vessel on the water. [Obs.]

Spenser.

Frigate bird (Zo\'94l.) , a web-footed rapacious bird, of the genus Fregata ; -- called also man-of-war bird , and frigate pelican . Two species are known; that of the Southern United States and West Indies is F. aquila . They are remarkable for their long wings and powerful flight. Their food consists of fish which they obtain by robbing gulls, terns, and other birds, of their prey. They are related to the pelicans. -- Frigate mackerel (Zo\'94l.) , an oceanic fish ( Auxis Rochei ) of little or no value as food, often very abundant off the coast of the United States. -- Frigate pelican . (Zo\'94l.) Same as Frigate bird .

Frigate-built <Xpage=597>

Frig"ate-built" (?) , a. (Naut.) Built like a frigate with a raised quarter-deck and forecastle.

Frigatoon <Xpage=597>

Frig"a*toon` (?) , n. [It. fregatone : cf. F. fr\'82gaton . See Frigate .] (Naut.) A Venetian vessel, with a square stern, having only a mainmast, jigger mast, and bowsprit; also a sloop of war ship-rigged.

Frigefaction <Xpage=597>

Frig"e*fac`tion (?) , n. [L. frigere to be cold + facere to make.] The act of making cold. [Obs.]

Frigefactive <Xpage=597>

Frig"e*fac`tive (?) , a. Cooling. [Obs.]

Boyle.

Frigerate <Xpage=597>

Frig"er*ate (?) , e. t. [L. frigerare , fr. frigus cold.] To make cool. [Obs.]

Blount.

Frigg, Frigga <Xpage=597>

Frigg (?) , Frig"ga (?) n. [Icel. Frigg . See Friday .] (Scand. Myth.) The wife of Odin and mother of the gods; the supreme goddess; the Juno of the Valhalla. Cf. Freya .

Fright <Xpage=597>

Fright (?) , n. [OE. frigt , freyht , AS. fyrhto , fyrhtu ; akin to OS. forhta , OHG. forhta , forahta , G. furcht , Dan. frygt , Sw. fruktan , Goth. fa\'a3rhtei fear, fa\'a3rhts timid.]

1. A state of terror excited by the sudden appearance of danger; sudden and violent fear, usually of short duration; a sudden alarm.

2. Anything strange, ugly or shocking, producing a feeling of alarm or aversion. [Colloq.]

Syn. -- Alarm; terror; consternation. See Alarm .

Fright <Xpage=597>

Fright (?) , v. t. [ imp. Frighted ; p. pr. & vb. n. . Frighting .] [OE. frigten to fear, frighten, AS. fyrhtan to frighten, forhtian to fear; akin to OS. forhtian , OHG. furihten , forahtan , G. f\'81rchten , Sw. frukta , Dan. frygte , Goth. faurhtjan . See Fright , n. , and cf. Frighten .] To alarm suddenly; to shock by causing sudden fear; to terrify; to scare.

Nor exile or danger can fright a brave spirit. Dryden.

Syn. -- To affright; dismay; daunt; intimidate.

Frighten <Xpage=597>

Fright"en (?) , v. t. [>imp. pos> Frightened (#) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Frightening (#) .] [See Fright , v. t. ] To disturb with fear; to throw into a state of alarm or fright; to affright; to terrify.

More frightened than hurt. Old Proverb.

Frightful <Xpage=597>

Fright"ful (?) , a. 1. Full of fright; affrighted; frightened. [Obs.]

See how the frightful herds run from the wood. W. Browne.

2. Full of that which causes fright; exciting alarm; impressing terror; shocking; as, a frightful chasm, or tempest; a frightful appearance.

Syn. -- Terrible; dreadful; alarming; fearful; terrific; awful; horrid; horrible; shocking. -- Frightful , Dreadful , Awful . These words all express fear. In frightful , it is a sudden emotion; in dreadful , it is deeper and more prolonged; in awful , the fear is mingled with the emotion of awe, which subdues us before the presence of some invisible power. An accident may be frightful ; the approach of death is dreadful to most men; the convulsions of the earthquake are awful .

Frightfully <Xpage=597>

Fright"ful*ly (?) , adv. In a frightful manner; to a frightful dagree.

Frightfulness <Xpage=597>

Fright"ful*ness , n. The quality of being frightful.

Frightless <Xpage=597>

Fright"less , a. Free from fright; fearless. [Obs.]

Frightment <Xpage=597>

Fright"ment (?) , n. Fear; terror. [Obs.]

Frigid <Xpage=597>

Frig"id (?) , a. [L. frigidus , fr. frigere to be cold; prob. akin to Gr. <?/ to shudder, or perh. to <?/ cold. Cf. Frill .] 1. Cold; wanting heat or warmth; of low temperature; as, a frigid climate .

2. Wanting warmth, fervor, ardor, fire, vivacity, etc.; unfeeling; forbidding in manner; dull and unanimated; stiff and formal; as, a frigid constitution; a frigid style; a frigid look or manner; frigid obedience or service.

3. Wanting natural heat or vigor sufficient to excite the generative power; impotent.

Johnson.

Frigid zone , that part of the earth which lies between either polar circle and its pole. It extends 23<?/ 28<?/ from the pole. See the Note under Arctic .

Frigidarium <Xpage=597>

Frig"i*da`ri*um (?) , n. ; pl. Frigidaria (#) . [L., neut. of frigidarium cooling.] The cooling room of the Roman therm\'91, furnished with a cold bath.

Prigidity <Xpage=597>

Pri*gid"i*ty (?) , n. [L. frigiditas : cf. F. frigidit\'82 .] 1. The condition or quality of being frigid; coldness; want of warmth.

Ice is water congealed by the frigidity of the air. Sir T. Browne.

2. Want of ardor, animation, vivacity, etc.; coldness of affection or of manner; dullness; stiffness and formality; as, frigidity of a reception, of a bow, etc.

3. Want of heat or vigor; as, the frigidity of old age .

Frigidly <Xpage=597>

Frig"id*ly (?) , adv. In a frigid manner; coldly; dully; without affection.

Frigidness <Xpage=597>

Frig"id*ness , n. The state of being frigid; want of heat, vigor, or affection; coldness; dullness.

Frigorific, Frigorifical <Xpage=597>

Frig"o*rif"ic (?) , Frig"o*rif`ic*al (?) a. [L. frigorificus ; frigus , frigoris , cold + facere to make: cf. F. frigorifique .] Causing cold; producing or generating cold.

Quincy.

Frill <Xpage=597>

Frill (?) , v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Frilled (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Frilling .] [OF. friller , fr. L. frigidulus somewhat cold, dim. of frigidus cold; akin to F. frileux chilly.] 1. To shake or shiver as with cold; as, the hawk frills .

Johnson.