The Gutenberg Webster's Unabridged Dictionary
Chapter 631
Fresh (?) , a. [ Compar. Fresher (<?/) ; superl . Freshest .] [OE. fresch , AS. fersc ; akin to D. versch , G. frisch , OHG. frisc , Sw. frisk , Dan. frisk , fersk , Icel. fr<?/skr frisky, brisk, ferskr fresh; cf. It. fresco , OF. fres , freis , fem. freske , fresche , F. frais , fem. fra<?/che , which are of German origin. Cf. Fraischeur , Fresco , Frisk .] 1. Possessed of original life and vigor; new and strong; unimpaired; sound.
2. New; original; additional. "Fear of fresh mistakes."
Sir W. Scott.
A fresh pleasure in every fresh posture of the limbs. Landor.
3. Lately produced, gathered, or prepared for market; not stale; not dried or preserved; not wilted, faded, or tainted; in good condition; as, fresh vegetables, flowers, eggs, meat, fruit, etc. ; recently made or obtained; occurring again; repeated; as, a fresh supply of goods; fresh tea, raisins, etc. ; lately come or made public; as, fresh news ; recently taken from a well or spring; as, fresh water .
4. Youthful; florid; as, these fresh nymphs .
Shak.
5. In a raw, green, or untried state; uncultivated; uncultured; unpracticed; as, a fresh hand on a ship .
6. Renewed in vigor, alacrity, or readiness for action; as, fresh for a combat ; hence, tending to renew in vigor; rather strong; cool or brisk; as, a fresh wind .
7. Not salt; as, fresh water, in distinction from that which is from the sea, or brackish; fresh meat, in distinction from that which is pickled or salted.
Fresh breeze (Naut.) , a breeze between a moderate and a strong breeze; one blowinq about twenty miles an hour. -- Fresh gale , a gale blowing about forty-five miles an hour. -- Fresh way (Naut.) , increased speed.
Syn. -- Sound; unimpaired; recent; unfaded: ruddy; florid; sweet; good: inexperienced; unpracticed: unused; lively; vigorous; strong.
Fresh <Xpage=595>
Fresh , n. ; pl. Freshes (<?/) . 1. A stream or spring of fresh water.
He shall drink naught but brine; for I'll not show him Where the quick freshes are. Shak.
2. A flood; a freshet. [Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.
3. The mingling of fresh water with salt in rivers or bays, as by means of a flood of fresh water flowing toward or into the sea.
Beverly.
Fresh <Xpage=595>
Fresh , v. t. To refresh; to freshen. [Obs.]
Rom. of R.
Freshen <Xpage=595>
Fresh"en (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Freshened (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Freshening (?) ] 1. To make fresh; to separate, as water, from saline ingredients; to make less salt; as, to freshen water, fish, or flesh . <-- "less *salt*" is in original; also, below "to lose saltness" -->
2. To refresh; to revive. [Obs.]
Spenser.
3. (Naut.) To relieve, as a rope, by change of place where friction wears it; or to renew, as the material used to prevent chafing; as, to freshen a hawse .
Totten.
To freshen ballast (Naut.) , to shift Or restore it. -- To freshen the hawse , to pay out a little more cable, so as to bring the chafe on another part. -- To freshen the way , to increase the speed of a vessel.
Ham. Nav. Encyc.
Freshen <Xpage=595>
Fresh"en (?) , v. i. 1. To grow fresh; to lose saltness.
2. To grow brisk or strong; as, the wind freshens .
Freshet <Xpage=595>
Fresh"et (?) , n. [OE. fresche flood + -et . See Fresh , a. ] 1. A stream of fresh water. [Obs.]
Milton.
2. A flood or overflowing of a stream caused by heavy rains or melted snow; a sudden inundation.
Cracked the sky, as ice in rivers When the freshet is at highest. Longfellow.
Freshly <Xpage=595>
Fresh"ly , adv. In a fresh manner; vigorously; newly, recently; brightly; briskly; coolly; as, freshly gathered; freshly painted; the wind blows freshly .
Looks he as freshly as he did? Shak.
Freshman <Xpage=595>
Fresh"man (?) , n. ; pl. Freshmen (<?/) . novice; one in the rudiments of knowledge; especially, a student during his fist year in a college or university.
He drank his glass and cracked his joke, And freshmen wondered as he spoke. Goldsmith.
Freshman class , the lowest of the four classes in an American college. [ U. S.]
Freshmanship <Xpage=595>
Fresh"man*ship , n. The state of being a freshman.
Freshment <Xpage=595>
Fresh"ment (?) , n. Refreshment. [Obs.]
Freshness <Xpage=595>
Fresh"ness , n. The state of being fresh.
The Scots had the advantage both for number and freshness of men. Hayward.
And breathe the freshness of the open air. Dryden.
Her cheeks their freshness lose and wonted grace. Granville.
Fresh-new <Xpage=595>
Fresh"-new` (?) , a. Unpracticed. [Obs.]
Shak.
Fresh-water <Xpage=595>
Fresh"-wa`ter (?) , a. 1. Of, pertaining to, or living in, water not salt; as, fresh-water geological deposits; a fresh-water fish; fresh-water mussels.
2. Accustomed to sail on fresh water only; unskilled as a seaman; as, a fresh-water sailor .
3. Unskilled; raw. [Colloq.] " Fresh-water soldiers."
Knolles.
Fresnel lamp, Fres'nel' lan'tern <Xpage=595>
Fres`nel" lamp" (?) , Fres'nel' lan'tern (?) . [From Fresnel the inventor, a French physicist.] A lantern having a lamp surrounded by a hollow cylindrical Fresnel lens.
Fresnel lens <Xpage=595>
Fres`nel" lens" (?) . [See Fresnel lamp .] (Optics) See under Lens .
Fret <Xpage=595>
Fret (?) , n. [Obs.] See 1st Frith .
Fret <Xpage=595>
Fret (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Fretted ; p. pr. & vb. n. Fretting .] [OE. freten to eat, consume; AS. fretan , for foretan ; pref. for- + etan to eat; akin to D. vreten , OHG. frezzan , G. fressen , Sw. fr\'84ta , Goth. fra-itan . See For , and Eat , v. t. ] 1. To devour. [Obs.]
The sow frete the child right in the cradle. Chaucer.
2. To rub; to wear away by friction; to chafe; to gall; hence, to eat away; to gnaw; as, to fret cloth; to fret a piece of gold or other metal; a worm frets the plants of a ship.
With many a curve my banks I fret . Tennyson.
3. To impair; to wear away; to diminish.
By starts His fretted fortunes give him hope and fear. Shak.
4. To make rough, agitate, or disturb; to cause to ripple; as, to fret the surface of water .
5. To tease; to irritate; to vex.
Fret not thyself because of evil doers. Ps. xxxvii. 1.
Fret <Xpage=595>
Fret , v. i. 1. To be worn away; to chafe; to fray; as, a wristband frets on the edges .
2. To eat in; to make way by corrosion.
Many wheals arose, and fretted one into another with great excoriation. Wiseman.
3. To be agitated; to be in violent commotion; to rankle; as, rancor frets in the malignant breast .
4. To be vexed; to be chafed or irritated; to be angry; to utter peevish expressions.
He frets , he fumes, he stares, he stamps the ground. Dryden.
Fret <Xpage=595>
Fret , n. 1. The agitation of the surface of a fluid by fermentation or other cause; a rippling on the surface of water.
Addison.
2. Agitation of mind marked by complaint and impatience; disturbance of temper; irritation; as, he keeps his mind in a continual fret .
Yet then did Dennis rave in furious fret . Pope.
3. Herpes; tetter.
Dunglison.
4. pl. (Mining) The worn sides of river banks, where ores, or stones containing them, accumulate by being washed down from the hills, and thus indicate to the miners the locality of the veins.
Fret <Xpage=595>
Fret , v. t. [OE. fretten to adorn, AS. fr\'91twan , fr\'91twian ; akin to OS. fratah<?/n , cf. Goth. us-fratwjan to make wise, also AS. fr\'91twe ornaments, OS. fratah\'c6 adornment.] To ornament with raised work; to variegate; to diversify.
Whose skirt with gold was fretted all about. Spenser.
Yon gray lines, That fret the clouds, are messengers of day. Shak.
Fret <Xpage=595>
Fret , n. 1. Ornamental work in relief, as carving or embossing. See Fretwork .
2. (Arch.) An ornament consisting of smmall fillets or slats intersecting each other or bent at right angles, as in classical designs, or at obilique angles, as often in Oriental art.
His lady's cabinet is a adorned on the fret , ceiling, and chimney-piece with . . . carving. Evelyn.
<page="596"> Page 596
3. The reticulated headdress or net, made of gold or silver wire, in which ladies in the Middle Ages confined their hair.
A fret of gold she had next her hair. Chaucer.
Fret saw , a saw with a long, narrow blade, used in cutting frets, scrolls, etc.; a scroll saw; a keyhole saw; a compass saw.
Fret <Xpage=596>
Fret (?) , n. [F. frette a saltire, also a hoop, ferrule, prob. a dim. of L. ferrum iron. For sense 2, cf. also E. fret to rub.] 1. (Her.) A saltire interlaced with a mascle.
2. (Mus.) A short piece of wire, or other material fixed across the finger board of a guitar or a similar instrument, to indicate where the finger is to be placed.
Fret <Xpage=596>
Fret , v. t. To furnish with frets, as an instrument of music.
Fretful <Xpage=596>
Fret"ful (?) , a. [See 2d Fret .] Disposed to fret; ill-humored; peevish; angry; in a state of vexation; as, a fretful temper . -- Fret"ful-ly , adv. -- Fret"ful-ness , n.
Syn. -- Peevish; ill-humored; ill-natured; irritable; waspish; captious; petulant; splenetic; spleeny; passionate; angry. -- Fretful , Peevish , Cross . These words all indicate an unamiable working and expression of temper. Peevish marks more especially the inward spirit: a peevish man is always ready to find fault. Fretful points rather to the outward act, and marks a complaining impatience: sickly children are apt to be fretful . Crossness is peevishness mingled with vexation or anger.
Frett <Xpage=596>
Frett (?) , n. [See 2d Fret .] (Mining) The worn side of the bank of a river. See 4th Fret , n. , 4.
Frett <Xpage=596>
Frett , n. [See Frit .] A vitreous compound, used by potters in glazing, consisting of lime, silica, borax, lead, and soda.
Fretted <Xpage=596>
Fret"ted (?) , p. p. & a. [From 2d Fret .]
1. Rubbed or worn away; chafed.
2. Agitated; vexed; worried.
Fretted <Xpage=596>
Fret"ted , p. p. & a. [See 5th Fret .] 1. Ornamented with fretwork; furnished with frets; variegated; made rough on the surface.
2. (Her.) Interlaced one with another; -- said of charges and ordinaries.
Fretten <Xpage=596>
Fret"ten (?) , a. [The old p. p. of fret to rub.] Rubbed; marked; as, pock- fretten , marked with the smallpox . [Obs.]
Wright.
Fretter <Xpage=596>
Fret"ter (?) , n. One who, or that which, frets.
Fretty <Xpage=596>
Fret"ty , a. [See 5th Fret .] Adorned with fretwork.
Fretum <Xpage=596>
Fre"tum (?) , n. ; pl. Freta (#) . [ L .] A strait, or arm of the sea.
Fretwork <Xpage=596>
Fret"work (?) , n. [6th fret + work .] Work adorned with frets; ornamental openwork or work in relief, esp. when elaborate and minute in its parts. Heuce, any minute play of light andshade, dark and light, or the like.
Banqueting on the turf in the fretwork of shade and sunshine. Macaulay.
Freya <Xpage=596>
Frey"a (?) , n. [Icel. Freyja .] (Scand. Myth.) The daughter of Nj\'94rd, aud goddess of love and beauty; the Scandinavian Venus; -- in Teutonic myths confounded with Frigga, but in Scandinavian, distinct. [Written also Frea , Fraying , and Ereyja .]
Friabiiity <Xpage=596>
Fri"a*bii"i*ty (?) , n. [Cf. F. friabilit\'82 .] The quality of being friable; friableness.
Locke.
Friable <Xpage=596>
Fri"a*ble (?) , a. [<???/L. friabilis , fr. friare to rub, break, or crumble into small pieces, cf. fricare to rub, E. fray . cf. F. friable .) Easily crumbled, pulverized, or reduced to powder. "Friable ground." Evelyn. "Soft and friable texture." Paley . -- Fri'a-ble-ness , n.
Friar <Xpage=596>
Fri"ar (?) , n. [OR. frere , F. fr\'8are brother, friar , fr. L. frater brother. See Brother .] 1. (R. C. Ch.) A brother or member of any religious order, but especially of one of the four mendicant orders , viz: (a) Minors, Gray Friars, or Franciscans. (b) Augustines . (c) Dominicans or Black Friars. (d) White Friars or Carmelites. See these names in the Vocabulary.
2. (Print.) A white or pale patch on a printed page.
3. (Zo\'94l.) An American fish; the silversides.
Friar bird (Zo\'94l.) , an Australian bird ( Tropidorhynchus corniculatus ), having the head destitute of feathers; -- called also coldong , leatherhead , pimlico ; poor soldier , and four-o'clock . The name is also applied to several other species of the same genus. -- Friar's balsam (Med.) , a stimulating application for wounds and ulcers, being an alcoholic solution of benzoin, styrax, tolu balsam, and aloes; compound tincture of benzoin. Brande & C. -- Friar's cap (Bot.) , the monkshood. -- Friar's cowl (Bot.) , an arumlike plant ( Arisarum vulgare ) with a spathe or involucral leaf resembling a cowl. -- Friar's lantern , the ignis fatuus or Will-o'-the-wisp. Milton . -- Friar skate (Zo\'94l.) , the European white or sharpnosed skate ( Raia alba ); -- called also Burton skate , border ray , scad , and doctor .
Friarly <Xpage=596>
Fri"ar*ly , a. Like a friar; inexperienced.
Bacon.
Friary <Xpage=596>
Fri"ar*y (?) , a. [From Friar , n. ] Like a friar; pertaining to friars or to a convent. [Obs.]
Camden.
Friary <Xpage=596>
Fri"ar*y , n. [OF. frerie , frairie , fr. fr\'8are . See Friar .] 1. A monastery; a convent of friars.
Drugdale.
2. The institution or praactices of friars.
Fuller.
Friation <Xpage=596>
Fri*a"tion (?) , n. [See Friable .] The act of breaking up or pulverizing.
Frible <Xpage=596>
Frib"le (?) , a. [Cf. F. frivole , L. frivolus , or E. frippery .] Frivolous; trifling; sily.
Fribble <Xpage=596>
Frib"ble , n. A frivolous, contemptible fellow; a fop.
A pert fribble of a peer. Thackeray.
Fribble <Xpage=596>
Frib"ble , v. i. 1. To act in a trifling or foolish manner; to act frivolously.
The fools that are fribbling round about you. Thackeray.
2. To totter. [Obs.]
Fribbler <Xpage=596>
Frib"bler (?) , n. A trifler; a fribble.
Fribbling <Xpage=596>
Frib"bling (?) , a. Frivolous; trining; toolishly captious.
Friborg, Friborgh <Xpage=596>
Fri"borg , Fri"borgh (?) , n. [AS. fri<?/borh , lit., peace PLAGE; fri<?/ peace + borh , borg , pledge, akin to E. borrow. The first part of the word was confused with free , the last part, with borough.] (Old Eng. Law) The pledge and tithing, afterwards called by the Normans frankpledge . See Frankpledge . [Written also friburgh and fribourg .]
Burril.
Fricace <Xpage=596>
Fric"ace (?) , n. [See Fricassee .] 1. Meat sliced and dressed with strong sauce. [Obs.]
King.
2. An unguent; also, the act of rubbing with the unguent.
Fricandeau, Fricando <Xpage=596>
Fri"can`deau` (?) , Fric"*an*do (<?/) , n. [F. fricandeau ; cf. Sp. fricand\'a2 .] A ragout or fricassee of veal; a fancy dish of veal or of boned turkey, served as an entr\'82e , -- called also fricandel .
A. J. Cooley.
Fricassee <Xpage=596>
Fric"as*see` (?) , n. [F. fricass\'82e , fr. fricasser to fry , fricassee ; cf. LL. fricare , perh. for frictare , fricare , frictum , to rub. Cf. Fry , Friction .] A dish made of fowls, veal, or other meat of small animals cut into pieces, and stewed in a gravy. <-- (cooking) -->
Frlcassee <Xpage=596>
Frlc"as*see` , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Fricassed (?) ; p. pr. &. vb. n. Fricasseeing .] To dress like a fricassee.
Frication <Xpage=596>
Fri*ca"tion (?) , n. [L. fricatio , fr. fricare , fricatum , to rub. ] Friction. [Obs.]
Bacon.
Fricative <Xpage=596>
Fric"a*tive (?) , a. [See Frication .] (Phon.) Produced by the friction or rustling of the breath, intonated or unintonated, through a narrow opening between two of the mouth organs; uttered through a close approach, but not with a complete closure, of the organs of articulation, and hence capable of being continued or prolonged; -- said of certain consonantal sounds, as f , v , s , z , etc. -- n. A fricative consonant letter or sound. See Guide to Pronunciation , §§ 197-206, etc.
Fricatrice <Xpage=596>
Fric"a*trice (?) , n. [Cf. L. frictrix , fr. fricare to rub.] A lewd woman; a harlot. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Frickle <Xpage=596>
Fric"kle (?) , n. A bushel basket. [Obs.]
Ftiction <Xpage=596>