Chapter 63

A*nat"o*my (#) , n. ; pl. Anatomies (#) . [F. anatomie , L. anatomia , Gr. <?/ dissection, fr. <?/ to cut up; <?/ + <?/ to cut.] 1. The art of dissecting, or artificially separating the different parts of any organized body, to discover their situation, structure, and economy; dissection.

2. The science which treats of the structure of organic bodies; anatomical structure or organization.

Let the muscles be well inserted and bound together, according to the knowledge of them which is given us by anatomy . Dryden.

&hand; "Animal anatomy" is sometimes called zomy ; "vegetable anatomy," phytotomy ; "human anatomy," anthropotomy .

Comparative anatomy compares the structure of different kinds and classes of animals.

3. A treatise or book on anatomy.

4. The act of dividing anything, corporeal or intellectual, for the purpose of examining its parts; analysis; as, the anatomy of a discourse .

5. A skeleton; anything anatomized or dissected, or which has the appearance of being so.

The anatomy of a little child, representing all parts thereof, is accounted a greater rarity than the skeleton of a man in full stature. Fuller.

They brought one Pinch, a hungry, lean-faced villain,

A mere anatomy . Shak.

Anatreptic <Xpage= An`a*stal"tic (#) , a. & n. [Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.] (Med.) Styptic. [Obs.] >

An`a*trep"tic (#) , a. [overturning, fr. <?/ to turn up or over; <?/ + <?/ too turn.] Overthrowing; defeating; -- applied to Plato's refutative dialogues.

Enfield.

Anatron <Xpage= An`a*stal"tic (#) , a. & n. [Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.] (Med.) Styptic. [Obs.] >

An"a*tron (#) , n. [F. anatron , natron , Sp. anatron , natron , fr. Ar. al - natr<?/n . See Natron , Niter .] [Obs.] 1. Native carbonate of soda; natron.

2. Glass gall or sandiver.

3. Saltpeter.

Coxe. Johnson.

Anatropal, Anatropous <Xpage= An`a*stal"tic (#) , a. & n. [Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.] (Med.) Styptic. [Obs.] >

A*nat"ro*pal (#) , A*nat"ro*pous (#) , a. [Gr. <?/ up + <?/ to turn.] (Bot.) Having the ovule inverted at an early period in its development, so that the chalaza is as the apparent apex; -- opposed to orthotropous .

Gray.

Anatto <Xpage= An`a*stal"tic (#) , a. & n. [Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.] (Med.) Styptic. [Obs.] >

A*nat"to (#) , n. Same as Annotto .

Anbur-y, Ambury <Xpage= An`a*stal"tic (#) , a. & n. [Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.] (Med.) Styptic. [Obs.] >

An"bur-y (#) , Am"bur*y (#) , n. [AS. ampre , ompre , a crooked swelling vein: cf. Prov. E. amper a tumor with inflammation. Cf. the first syllable in agnail , and berry a fruit.] 1. (Far.) A soft tumor or bloody wart on horses or oxen.

2. A disease of the roots of turnips, etc.; -- called also fingers and toes .

ance <Xpage= An`a*stal"tic (#) , a. & n. [Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.] (Med.) Styptic. [Obs.] >

*ance . [F. -ance , fr. L. -antia and also fr. -entia .] A suffix signifying action; also, quality or state; as, assist ance , resist ance , appear ance , eleg ance . See -ancy .

&hand; All recently adopted words of this class take either - ance or - ence , according to the Latin spelling.

Ancestor <Xpage= An`a*stal"tic (#) , a. & n. [Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.] (Med.) Styptic. [Obs.] >

An"ces*tor (#) , n. [OE. ancestre , auncestre , also ancessour ; the first forms fr. OF. ancestre , F. anc\'88tre , fr. the L. nom. antessor one who goes before; the last form fr. OF. ancessor , fr. L. acc. antecessorem , fr. antecedere to go before; ante before + cedere to go. See Cede , and cf. Antecessor .] 1. One from whom a person is descended, whether on the father's or mother's side, at any distance of time; a progenitor; a fore father.

2. (Biol.) An earlier type; a progenitor; as, this fossil animal is regarded as the ancestor of the horse .

3. (Law) One from whom an estate has descended; -- the correlative of heir .

Ancestorial <Xpage= An`a*stal"tic (#) , a. & n. [Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.] (Med.) Styptic. [Obs.] >

An`ces*to"ri*al (#) , a. Ancestral.

Grote.

Ancestorially <Xpage= An`a*stal"tic (#) , a. & n. [Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.] (Med.) Styptic. [Obs.] >

An`ces*to"ri*al*ly , adv. With regard to ancestors.

Ancestral <Xpage= An`a*stal"tic (#) , a. & n. [Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.] (Med.) Styptic. [Obs.] >

An*ces"tral (?; 277) , a. Of, pertaining to, derived from, or possessed by, an ancestor or ancestors; as, an ancestral estate . " Ancestral trees."

Hemans.

Ancestress <Xpage= An`a*stal"tic (#) , a. & n. [Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.] (Med.) Styptic. [Obs.] >

An"ces*tress (#) , n. A female ancestor.

Ancestry <Xpage= An`a*stal"tic (#) , a. & n. [Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.] (Med.) Styptic. [Obs.] >

An"ces*try (#) , n. [Cf. OF. ancesserie . See Ancestor .] 1. Condition as to ancestors; ancestral lineage; hence, birth or honorable descent.

Title and ancestry render a good man more illustrious, but an ill one more contemptible. Addison.

2. A series of ancestors or progenitors; lineage, or those who compose the line of natural descent.

Anchor <Xpage= An`a*stal"tic (#) , a. & n. [Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.] (Med.) Styptic. [Obs.] >

An"chor (#) , n. [OE. anker , AS. ancor , oncer , L. ancora , sometimes spelt anchora , fr. Gr. <?/, akin to E. angle : cf. F. ancre . See Angle , n. ] 1. A iron instrument which is attached to a ship by a cable (rope or chain), and which, being cast overboard, lays hold of the earth by a fluke or hook and thus retains the ship in a particular station.

&hand; The common anchor consists of a straight bar called a shank , having at one end a transverse bar called a stock , above which is a ring for the cable, and at the other end the crown , from which branch out two or more arms with flukes , forming with the shank a suitable angle to enter the ground.

Formerly the largest and strongest anchor was the sheet anchor (hence, Fig ., best hope or last refuge), called also waist anchor . Now the bower and the sheet anchor are usually alike. Then came the best bower and the small bower (so called from being carried on the bows). The stream anchor is one fourth the weight of the bower anchor. Kedges or kedge anchors are light anchors used in warping.

2. Any instrument or contrivance serving a purpose like that of a ship's anchor, as an arrangement of timber to hold a dam fast; a contrivance to hold the end of a bridge cable, or other similar part; a contrivance used by founders to hold the core of a mold in place.

3. Fig.: That which gives stability or security; that on which we place dependence for safety.

Which hope we have as an anchor of the soul. Heb. vi. 19.

4. (Her.) An emblem of hope.

5. (Arch.) (a) A metal tie holding adjoining parts of a building together. (b) Carved work, somewhat resembling an anchor or arrowhead; -- a part of the ornaments of certain moldings. It is seen in the echinus, or egg-and-anchor (called also egg-and-dart , egg-and-tongue ) ornament.

6. (Zo\'94l.) One of the anchor-shaped spicules of certain sponges; also, one of the calcareous spinules of certain Holothurians, as in species of Synapta .

Anchor ice . See under Ice . -- Anchor ring . (Math.) Same as Annulus , 2 (b). -- Anchor stock (Naut.) , the crossbar at the top of the shank at right angles to the arms. -- The anchor comes home , when it drags over the bottom as the ship drifts. -- Foul anchor , the anchor when it hooks, or is entangled with, another anchor, or with a cable or wreck, or when the slack cable entangled. -- The anchor is acockbill , when it is suspended perpendicularly from the cathead, ready to be let go. -- The anchor is apeak , when the cable is drawn in do tight as to bring to ship directly over it. -- The anchor is atrip , or aweigh , when it is lifted out of the ground. -- The anchor is awash , when it is hove up to the surface of the water. -- At anchor , anchored. -- To back an anchor , to increase the holding power by laying down a small anchor ahead of that by which the ship rides, with the cable fastened to the crown of the latter to prevent its coming home. -- To cast anchor , to drop or let go an anchor to keep a ship at rest. -- To cat the anchor , to hoist the anchor to the cathead and pass the ring-stopper. -- To fish the anchor , to hoist the flukes to their resting place (called the bill-boards), and pass the shank painter. -- To weigh anchor , to heave or raise the anchor so as to sail away.

Anchor <Xpage= An`a*stal"tic (#) , a. & n. [Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.] (Med.) Styptic. [Obs.] >

An"chor (#) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Anchored (#) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Anchoring .] [Cf. F. ancrer .] 1. To place at anchor; to secure by an anchor; as, to anchor a ship .

2. To fix or fasten; to fix in a stable condition; as, to anchor the cables of a suspension bridge .

Till that my nails were anchored in thine eyes. Shak.

Anchor <Xpage= An`a*stal"tic (#) , a. & n. [Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.] (Med.) Styptic. [Obs.] >

An"chor , v. i. 1. To cast anchor; to come to anchor; as, our ship (or the captain) anchored in the stream .

2. To stop; to fix or rest.

My invention . . . anchors on Isabel. Shak.

Anchor <Xpage= An`a*stal"tic (#) , a. & n. [Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.] (Med.) Styptic. [Obs.] >

An"chor , n. [OE. anker , ancre , AS. ancra , fr. L. anachoreta . See Anchoret .] An anchoret. [Obs.]

Shak.

Anchorable <Xpage= An`a*stal"tic (#) , a. & n. [Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.] (Med.) Styptic. [Obs.] >

An"chor*a*ble (#) , a. Fit for anchorage.

Anchorage <Xpage= An`a*stal"tic (#) , a. & n. [Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.] (Med.) Styptic. [Obs.] >

An"chor*age (#) , n. 1. The act of anchoring, or the condition of lying at anchor.

2. A place suitable for anchoring or where ships anchor; a hold for an anchor.

3. The set of anchors belonging to a ship.

4. Something which holds like an anchor; a hold; as, the anchorages of the Brooklyn Bridge .

5. Something on which one may depend for security; ground of trust.

6. A toll for anchoring; anchorage duties.

Johnson.

Anchorage <Xpage= An`a*stal"tic (#) , a. & n. [Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.] (Med.) Styptic. [Obs.] >

An"cho*rage (#) , n. Abode of an anchoret.

Anchorate <Xpage= An`a*stal"tic (#) , a. & n. [Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.] (Med.) Styptic. [Obs.] >

An"chor*ate (#) , a. Anchor-shaped.

Anchored <Xpage= An`a*stal"tic (#) , a. & n. [Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.] (Med.) Styptic. [Obs.] >

An"chored (#) , a. 1. Held by an anchor; at anchor; held safely; as, an anchored bark ; also, shaped like an anchor; forked; as, an anchored tongue .

2. (Her.) Having the extremities turned back, like the flukes of an anchor; as, an anchored cross . [Sometimes spelt ancred .]

Anchoress <Xpage= An`a*stal"tic (#) , a. & n. [Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.] (Med.) Styptic. [Obs.] >

An"cho*ress (#) , n. A female anchoret.

And there, a saintly anchoress , she dwelt. Wordsworth.

Anchoret, Anchorite <Xpage= An`a*stal"tic (#) , a. & n. [Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.] (Med.) Styptic. [Obs.] >

An"cho*ret (#) , An"cho*rite (#) , n. [F. anachor\'8ate , L. anachoreta , fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to go back, retire; <?/ + <?/ to give place, retire, <?/ place; perh. akin to Skr. h\'be to leave. Cf. Anchor a hermit.] One who renounces the world and secludes himself, usually for religious reasons; a hermit; a recluse. [Written by some authors anachoret .]

Our Savior himself . . . did not choose an anchorite's or a monastic life, but a social and affable way of conversing with mortals. Boyle.

Anchoretic, Anchoretical <Xpage= An`a*stal"tic (#) , a. & n. [Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.] (Med.) Styptic. [Obs.] >

An`cho*ret"ic (#) , An`cho*ret"ic*al (#) , a. [Cf. Gr. <?/.] Pertaining to an anchoret or hermit; after the manner of an anchoret.

Anchoretish <Xpage= An`a*stal"tic (#) , a. & n. [Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.] (Med.) Styptic. [Obs.] >

An"cho*ret`ish (#) , a. Hermitlike.

Anchoretism <Xpage= An`a*stal"tic (#) , a. & n. [Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.] (Med.) Styptic. [Obs.] >

An"cho*ret*ism (#) , n. The practice or mode of life of an anchoret.

Anchor-hold <Xpage= An`a*stal"tic (#) , a. & n. [Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.] (Med.) Styptic. [Obs.] >

An"chor-hold` (#) , n. 1. The hold or grip of an anchor, or that to which it holds.

2. Hence: Firm hold: security.

Anchorite <Xpage= An`a*stal"tic (#) , a. & n. [Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.] (Med.) Styptic. [Obs.] >

An"cho*rite (#) , n. Same as Anchoret .

Anchoritess <Xpage= An`a*stal"tic (#) , a. & n. [Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.] (Med.) Styptic. [Obs.] >

An"cho*ri`tess (#) , n. An anchoress. [R.]

Anchorless <Xpage= An`a*stal"tic (#) , a. & n. [Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.] (Med.) Styptic. [Obs.] >

An"chor*less (#) , a. Without an anchor or stay. Hence: Drifting; unsettled.

Anchovy <Xpage= An`a*stal"tic (#) , a. & n. [Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.] (Med.) Styptic. [Obs.] >

An*cho"vy (#) , n. [Sp. anchoa , anchova , or Pg. anchova , prob. of Iberian origin, and lit. a dried or pickled fish, fr. Bisc. antzua dry: cf. D. anchovis , F. anchois .] (Zo\'94l.) A small fish, about three inches in length, of the Herring family (Engraulis encrasicholus) , caught in vast numbers in the Mediterranean, and pickled for exportation. The name is also applied to several allied species.

<page="55"> Page 55

Anchovy pear <Xpage=55>

An*cho"vy pear` (#) . (Bot.) A West Indian fruit like the mango in taste, sometimes pickled; also, the tree (Grias cauliflora) bearing this fruit.

Anchusin <Xpage=55>

An"chu*sin (#) , n. [L. anchusa the plant alkanet, Gr. <?/.] (Chem.) A resinoid coloring matter obtained from alkanet root.

Anchylose <Xpage=55>

An"chy*lose (#) , v. t. & i. [ imp. & p. p. Anchylosed (#) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Anchylosing .] [Cf. F. ankyloser .] To affect or be affected with anchylosis; to unite or consolidate so as to make a stiff joint; to grow together into one. [Spelt also ankylose .]

Owen.

Anchylosis, Ankylosis <Xpage=55>

An`chy*lo"sis , An`ky*lo"sis (#) , n. [NL., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/, fr. <?/ to crook, stiffen, fr. <?/ crooked: cf. F. ankylose .] 1. (Med.) Stiffness or fixation of a joint; formation of a stiff joint.

Dunglison.

2. (Anat.) The union of two or more separate bones to from a single bone; the close union of bones or other structures in various animals.

Anchylotic <Xpage=55>

An`chy*lot"ic (#) , a. Of or pertaining to anchylosis.

Ancient <Xpage=55>

An"cient (#) , a. [OE. auncien , F. ancien , LL. antianus , fr. L. ante before. See Ante- , pref .] 1. Old; that happened or existed in former times, usually at a great distance of time; belonging to times long past; specifically applied to the times before the fall of the Roman empire; -- opposed to modern ; as, ancient authors, literature, history; ancient days.

Witness those ancient empires of the earth. Milton.

Gildas Albanius . . . much ancienter than his namesake surnamed the Wise. Fuller.

2. Old; that has been of long duration; of long standing; of great age; as, an ancient forest; an ancient castle. "Our ancient bickerings."

Shak.

Remove not the ancient landmarks, which thy fathers have set. Prov. xxii. 28.

An ancient man, strangely habited, asked for quarters. Scott.

3. Known for a long time, or from early times; -- opposed to recent or new ; as, the ancient continent .

A friend, perhaps, or an ancient acquaintance. Barrow.

4. Dignified, like an aged man; magisterial; venerable. [Archaic]

He wrought but some few hours of the day, and then would he seem very grave and ancient . Holland.

5. Experienced; versed. [Obs.]