Chapter 576

Wilder.

Fasciole <Xpage=544>

Fas"ci*ole (?) , n. [L. fasciola a little bandage. See Fascia .] (Zo\'94l.) A band of minute tubercles, bearing modified spines, on the shells of spatangoid sea urchins. See Spatangoidea .

Fash <Xpage=544>

Fash (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Fashed (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Fashing .] [OF. faschier , F. f<?/cher , to anger, vex; cf. Pr. fasticar , fastigar , fr. L. fastidium dilike. See Fastidious .] To vex; to tease; to trouble. [Scot.]

Fash <Xpage=544>

Fash , n. Vexation; anxiety; care. [Scot.]

Without further fash on my part. De Quincey.

Fashion <Xpage=544>

Fash"ion (?) , n. [OE. fasoun , facioun , shape, manner, F. facon , orig., a making, fr. L. factio a making, fr. facere to make. See Fact , Feat , and cf. Faction .]

1. The make or form of anything; the style, shape, appearance, or mode of structure; pattern, model; as, the fashion of the ark, of a coat, of a house, of an altar, etc. ; workmanship; execution.

The fashion of his countenance was altered. Luke ix. 29.

I do not like the fashion of your garments. Shak.

2. The prevailing mode or style, especially of dress; custom or conventional usage in respect of dress, behavior, etiquette, etc.; particularly, the mode or style usual among persons of good breeding; as, to dress, dance, sing, ride, etc., in the fashion .

The innocent diversions in fashion . Locke.

As now existing, fashion is a form of social regulation analogous to constitutional government as a form of political regulation. H. Spencer.

3. Polite, fashionable, or genteel life; social position; good breeding; as, men of fashion .

4. Mode of action; method of conduct; manner; custom; sort; way. "After his sour fashion ."

Shak.

After a fashion , to a certain extent; in a sort. -- Fashion piece (Naut.) , one of the timbers which terminate the transom, and define the shape of the stern. -- Fashion plate , a pictorial design showing the prevailing style or a new style of dress. <-- # in a sort? s.b. of a sort? -->

Fashion <Xpage=544>

Fash"ion , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Fashioned (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Fashioning .] [Cf. F. faconner .] 1. To form; to give shape or figure to; to mold.

Here the loud hammer fashions female toys. Gay.

Ingenious art . . . Steps forth to fashion and refine the age. Cowper.

2. To fit; to adapt; to accommodate; -- with to .

Laws ought to be fashioned to the manners and conditions of the people. Spenser.

3. To make according to the rule prescribed by custom.

Fashioned plate sells for more than its weight. Locke.

4. To forge or counterfeit. [Obs.]

Shak.

Fashioning needle (Knitting Machine) , a needle used for widening or narrowing the work and thus shaping it.

Fashionable <Xpage=544>

Fash"ion*a*ble (?) , a. 1. Conforming to the fashion or established mode; according with the prevailing form or style; as, a fashionable dress .

2. Established or favored by custom or use; current; prevailing at a particular time; as, the fashionable philosophy; fashionable opinions .

3. Observant of the fashion or customary mode; dressing or behaving according to the prevailing fashion; as, a fashionable man .

4. Genteel; well-bred; as, fashionable society .

Time is like a fashionable host That slightly shakes his parting guest by the hand. Shak.

Fashionable <Xpage=544>

Fash"ion*a*ble , n. A person who conforms to the fashions; -- used chiefly in the plural.

Fashionableness <Xpage=544>

Fash"ion*a*ble*ness , n. State of being fashionable.

Fashionably <Xpage=544>

Fash"ion*a*bly , adv. In a fashionable manner.

Fashioned <Xpage=544>

Fash"ioned (?) , a. Having a certain style or fashion; as old- fashioned ; new- fashioned .

Fashioner <Xpage=544>

Fash"ion*er (?) , n. One who fashions, forms, ar gives shape to anything. [R.]

The fashioner had accomplished his task, and the dresses were brought home. Sir W. Scott.

Fashionist <Xpage=544>

Fash"ion*ist (?) , n. An obsequious follower of the modes and fashions. [R.]

Fuller.

Fashionless <Xpage=544>

Fash"ion*less , a. Having no fashion.

Fashion-monger <Xpage=544>

Fash"ion-mon`ger (?) , n. One who studies the fashions; a fop; a dandy.

Marston.

Fashion-mongering <Xpage=544>

Fash"ion-mon`ger*ing , a. Behaving like a fashion-monger. [R.]

Shak.

Fassaite <Xpage=544>

Fas"sa*ite (?) , n. (Min.) A variety of pyroxene, from the valley of Fassa , in the Tyrol.

Fast <Xpage=544>

Fast (?) , v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Fasted ; p. pr. & vb. n. Fasting .] [AS. f&ae;stan ; akin to D . vasten , OHG. fast&emac;n , G. fasten , Icel. & Sw. fasta , Dan. faste , Goth. fastan to keep, observe, fast, and prob. to E. fast firm.] 1. To abstain from food; to omit to take nourishment in whole or in part; to go hungry.

Fasting he went to sleep, and fasting waked. Milton.

2. To practice abstinence as a religious exercise or duty; to abstain from food voluntarily for a time, for the mortification of the body or appetites, or as a token of grief, or humiliation and penitence.

Thou didst fast and weep for the child. 2 Sam. xii. 21.

Fasting day , a fast day; a day of fasting.

Fast <Xpage=544>

Fast , n. [OE. faste , fast ; cf. AS. f<?/sten , OHG. fasta , G. faste . See Fast , v. i. ] 1. Abstinence from food; omission to take nounrishment.

Surfeit is the father of much fast . Shak.

2. Voluntary abstinence from food, for a space of time, as a spiritual discipline, or as a token of religious humiliation.

3. A time of fasting, whether a day, week, or longer time; a period of abstinence from food or certain kinds of food; as, an annual fast .

Fast day , a day appointed for fasting, humiliation, and religious offices as a means of invoking the favor of God. -- To break one's fast , to put an end to a period of abstinence by taking food; especially, to take one's morning meal; to breakfast.

Shak.

Fast <Xpage=544>

Fast , a. [ Compar. Faster (?) ; superl. Fastest (?) .] [OE., firm, strong, not loose, AS. f<?/st ; akin to OS. fast , D. vast , OHG. fasti , festi , G. fest , Isel. fastr , Sw. & Dan. fast , and perh. to E. fetter . The sense swift comes from the idea of keeping close to what is pursued; a Scandinavian use. Cf. Fast , adv ., Fast , v ., Avast .] 1. Firmly fixed; closely adhering; made firm; not loose, unstable, or easily moved; immovable; as, to make fast the door .

There is an order that keeps things fast . Burke.

2. Firm against attack; fortified by nature or art; impregnable; strong.

Outlaws . . . lurking in woods and fast places. Spenser.

3. Firm in adherence; steadfast; not easily separated or alienated; faithful; as, a fast friend .

4. Permanent; not liable to fade by exposure to air or by washing; durable; lasting; as, fast colors .

5. Tenacious; retentive. [Obs.]

Roses, damask and red, are fast flowers of their smells. Bacon.

6. Not easily disturbed or broken; deep; sound.

All this while in a most fast sleep. Shak.

7. Moving rapidly; quick in mition; rapid; swift; as, a fast horse .

8. Given to pleasure seeking; disregardful of restraint; reckless; wild; dissipated; dissolute; as, a fast man; a fast liver.

Thackeray.

Fast and loose , now cohering, now disjoined; inconstant, esp. in the phrases to play at fast and loose , to play fast and loose , to act with giddy or reckless inconstancy or in a tricky manner; to say one thing and do another " Play fast and loose with faith." Shak . Fast and loose pulleys (Mach.) , two pulleys placed side by side on a revolving shaft, which is driven from another shaft by a band, and arranged to disengage and re\'89ngage the machinery driven thereby. When the machinery is to be stopped, the band is transferred from the pulley fixed to the shaft to the pulley which revolves freely upon it, and vice versa . -- Hard and fast (Naut.) , so completely aground as to be immovable. -- To make fast (Naut.) , to make secure; to fasten firmly, as a vessel, a rope, or a door.

<page="545"> Page 545

Fast <Xpage=545>

Fast (?) , adv. [OE. Faste firmly, strongly, quickly, AS. f<?/aste . See Fast , a. ] 1. In a fast, fixed, or firmly established manner; fixedly; firmly; immovably.

We will bind thee fast . Judg. xv. 13.

2. In a fast or rapid manner; quickly; swiftly; extravagantly; wildly; as, to run fast ; to live fast .

Fast by , &or; Fast beside , close or near to; near at hand.

He, after Eve seduced, unminded slunk Into the wood fast by . Milton.

Fast by the throne obsequious Fame resides. Pope.

Fast <Xpage=545>

Fast , n. That which fastens or holds; especially, (Naut.) a mooring rope, hawser, or chain; -- called, according to its position, a bow , head , quarter , breast , or stern fast ; also, a post on a pier around which hawsers are passed in mooring.

Fasten <Xpage=545>

Fas"ten (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Fastened (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Fastening (?) .] [AS. f\'91stnian ; akin to OHG. festin&omac;n . See Fast , a .] 1. To fix firmly; to make fast; to secure, as by a knot, lock, bolt, etc.; as, to fasten a chain to the feet; to fasten a door or window.

2. To cause to hold together or to something else; to attach or unite firmly; to cause to cleave to something , or to cleave together, by any means; as, to fasten boards together with nails or cords; to fasten anything in our thoughts.

The words Whig and Tory have been pressed to the service of many successions of parties, with very different ideas fastened to them. Swift.

3. To cause to take close effect; to make to tell; to lay on; as, to fasten a blow . [Obs.]

Dryden.

If I can fasten but one cup upon him. Shak.

To fasten a charge , &or; a crime , upon , to make his guilt certain, or so probable as to be generally believed. -- To fasten one's eyes upon , to look upon steadily without cessation. Acts iii. 4 .

Syn. -- To fix; cement; stick; link; affix; annex.

Fasten <Xpage=545>

Fas"ten , v. i. To fix one's self; to take firm hold; to clinch; to cling.

A horse leech will hardly fasten on a fish. Sir T. Browne.

Fastener <Xpage=545>

Fas"ten*er (?) , n. One who, or that which, makes fast or firm.

Fastening <Xpage=545>

Fas"ten*ing (?) , n. Anything that binds and makes fast, as a lock, catch, bolt, bar, buckle, etc.

Faster <Xpage=545>

Fast"er (?) , n. One who abstains from food.

Fast-handed <Xpage=545>

Fast"-hand`ed (?) , a. Close-handed; close-fisted; covetous; avaricious. [Obs.]

Bacon.

Fasti <Xpage=545>

Fas"ti (?) , n.pl. [L.] 1. The Roman calendar, which gave the days for festivals, courts, etc., corresponding to a modern almanac.

2. Records or registers of important events.

Fastidiosity <Xpage=545>

Fas*tid`i*os"i*ty (?) , n. Fastidiousness; squeamishness. [Obs.]

Swift.

Fastidious <Xpage=545>

Fas*tid"i*ous (?) , a. [L. fastidiosus disdainful, fr. fastidium loathing, aversion, perh. fr. fastus arrogance (of uncertain origin) + taedium loathing. Cf. Tedious , Fash .] Difficult to please; delicate to fault; suited with difficulty; squeamish; as, a fastidious mind or ear; a fastidious appetite.

Proud youth ! fastidious of the lower world. Young.

Syn. -- Squeamish; critical; overnice; difficult; punctilious. -- Fastidious , Squeamish . We call a person fastidious when his taste or feelings are offended by trifling defects or errors; we call him squeamish when he is excessively nice or critical on minor points, and also when he is overscrupulous as to questions of duty. "Whoever examines his own imperfections will cease to be fastidious ; whoever restrains his caprice and scrupulosity will cease to be squeamish ." Crabb .

-- Fas*tid"i*ous*ly , adv. -- Fas*tid"i*ous*ness , n.

Fastigiate, Fastigiated <Xpage=545>

Fas*tig"i*ate (?) , Fas*tig"i*a`ted (?) , a. [L. fastigium gable end, top, height, summit.] 1. Narrowing towards the top.

2. (Bot.) Clustered, parallel, and upright, as the branches of the Lombardy poplar; pointed.

3. (Zo\'94l.) United into a conical bundle, or into a bundle with an enlarged head, like a sheaf of wheat.

Fastish <Xpage=545>

Fast"ish (?) , a. Rather fast; also, somewhat dissipated. [Colloq.]

Thackeray.

Fastly <Xpage=545>

Fast"ly , adv. Firmly; surely.

Fastness <Xpage=545>

Fast"ness , n. [AS. f\'91stnes , fr. f\'91st fast. See Fast , a. ] 1. The state of being fast and firm; firmness; fixedness; security; faithfulness.

All . . . places of fastness [are] laid open. Sir J. Davies.

2. A fast place; a stronghold; a fortress or fort; a secure retreat; a castle; as, the enemy retired to their fastnesses in the mountains .

3. Conciseness of style. [Obs.]

Ascham.

4. The state of being fast or swift.

Fastuous <Xpage=545>

Fas"tu*ous (?) , a. [L. fastuosus , from fastus haughtiness, pride: cf. F. fastueux .] Proud; haughty; disdainful. [Obs.] Barrow . Fas"tu*ous*ness , n. [Obs.]

Jer. Taylor.

Fat <Xpage=545>

Fat (?) , n. [See Vat , n. ] 1. A large tub, cistern, or vessel; a vat. [Obs.]

The fats shall overflow with wine and oil. Joel ii. 24.

2. A measure of quantity, differing for different commodities. [Obs.]

Hebert.

Fat <Xpage=545>

Fat , a. [ Compar. Fatter (?) ; superl. Fattest (?) .] [AS. f&aemac;tt ; akin to D. vet , G. fett , feist , Icel. feitr , Sw. fet , Dan. fed , and perh. to Gr. pi^dax spring, fountain, pidy`ein to gush forth, pi`wn fat, Skr. pi to swell.] 1. Abounding with fat ; as: (a) Fleshy; characterized by fatness; plump; corpulent; not lean; as, a fat man; a fat ox . (b) Oily; greasy; unctuous; rich; -- said of food.

2. Exhibiting the qualities of a fat animal; coarse; heavy; gross; dull; stupid.

Making our western wits fat and mean. Emerson.

Make the heart of this people fat . Is. vi. 10.

3. Fertile; productive; as, a fat soil; a fat pasture.

4. Rich; producing a large income; desirable; as, a fat benefice; a fat office; a fat job.

Now parson of Troston, a fat living in Suffolk. Carlyle.

5. Abounding in riches; affluent; fortunate. [Obs.]

Persons grown fat and wealthy by long impostures. Swift.

6. (Typog.) Of a character which enables the compositor to make large wages; -- said of matter containing blank, cuts, or many leads, etc.; as, a fat take; a fat page.

Fat lute , a mixture of pipe clay and oil for filling joints.

Fat <Xpage=545>

Fat (?) , n. 1. (Physiol. Chem.) An oily liquid or greasy substance making up the main bulk of the adipose tissue of animals, and widely distributed in the seeds of plants. See Adipose tissue , under Adipose .

&hand; Animal fats are composed mainly of three distinct fats, tristearin , tripalmitin , and triolein , mixed in varying proportions. As olein is liquid at ordinary temperatures, while the other two fats are solid, it follows that the consistency or hardness of fats depends upon the relative proportion of the three individual fats. During the life of an animal, the fat is mainly in a liquid state in the fat cells, owing to the solubility of the two solid fats in the more liquid olein at the body temperature. Chemically, fats are composed of fatty acid, as stearic, palmitic, oleic, etc., united with glyceryl. In butter fat, olein and palmitin predominate, mixed with another fat characteristic of butter, butyrin. In the vegetable kingdom many other fats or glycerides are to be found, as myristin from nutmegs, a glyceride of lauric acid in the fat of the bay tree, etc.

2. The best or richest productions; the best part; as, to live on the fat of the land .

3. (Typog.) Work. containing much blank, or its equivalent, and, therefore, profitable to the compositor.

Fat acid . (Chem.) See Sebacic acid , under Sebacic . -- Fat series , Fatty series (Chem.) , the series of the paraffine hydrocarbons and their derivatives; the marsh gas or methane series. -- Natural fats (Chem.) , the group of oily substances of natural occurrence, as butter, lard, tallow, etc., as distinguished from certain fatlike substance of artificial production, as paraffin. Most natural fats are essentially mixtures of triglycerides of fatty acids.

Fat <Xpage=545>

Fat , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Fatted (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. atting (?) .] [OE. fatten , AS. f<?/ttian . See Fat , a. , and cf. Fatten .] To make fat; to fatten; to make plump and fleshy with abundant food; as, to fat fowls or sheep .

We fat all creatures else to fat us. Shak.

Fat <Xpage=545>

Fat , v. i. To grow fat, plump, and fleshy.

An old ox fats as well, and is as good, as a young one. Mortimer.

Fatal <Xpage=545>

Fa"tal , a. [L. fatalis , fr. fatum : cf. F. fatal . See Fate .] 1. Proceeding from, or appointed by, fate or destiny; necessary; inevitable. [R.]