The Gutenberg Webster's Unabridged Dictionary
Chapter 538
E*ryth`ro*gran"u*lose (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ red + E. granulose .] (Physiol. Chem.) A term applied by Br\'81cke to a substance present in small amount in starch granules, colored red by iodine.
Erythroid <Xpage=508>
Er"y*throid (?) , a. [Gr. <?/ red + -oid : cf. Gr. <?/.] Of a red color; reddish; as, the erythroid tunic (the cremaster muscle) .
Erythroleic <Xpage=508>
Er`y*thro"le*ic (?) , a. [Gr. <?/ red + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.) Having a red color and oily appearance; -- applied to a purple semifluid substance said to be obtained from archil.
Erythrolein <Xpage=508>
Er`y*thro"le*in (?) , n. [See Erythroleic .] (Chem.) A red substance obtained from litmus.
Erythrolitmin <Xpage=508>
E*ryth`ro*lit"min (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ red + E. litmus .] (Chem.) Erythrolein.
Erythronium <Xpage=508>
Er`y*thro"ni*um (?) , n. [NL., from Gr. <?/ a kind of plant, fr. <?/ red.] (Chem.) A name originally given (from its red acid) to the metal vanadium. [R.]
Erythrophleine <Xpage=508>
E*ryth`ro*phle"ine (?; 104) , n. (Chem.) A white crystalline alkaloid, extracted from sassy bark ( Erythrophleum Guineense ).
Erythrophyll, Erythrophyllin <Xpage=508>
E*ryth"ro*phyll (?) , Er`y*throph"yl*lin (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ red + <?/ leaf.] (Physiol. Bot.) The red coloring matter of leaves, fruits, flowers, etc., in distinction from chlorophyll.
Erythrosin <Xpage=508>
E*ryth"ro*sin (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ red.] (Chem.) (a) A red substance formed by the oxidation of tyrosin. (b) A red dyestuff obtained from fluoresce\'8bn by the action of iodine.
Erythroxylon <Xpage=508>
Er`y*throx"y*lon (?) , n. [NL., from Gr. <?/ red + <?/ wood. So named from the red wood of some species.] (Bot.) A genus of shrubs or small trees of the Flax family, growing in tropical countries. E. Coca is the source of cocaine. See Coca .
Erythrozyme <Xpage=508>
E*ryth"ro*zyme (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ red + <?/ leaven.] (Physiol. Chem.) A ferment extracted from madder root, possessing the power of inducing alcoholic fermentation in solutions of sugar.
Escalade <Xpage=508>
Es`ca*lade" (?) , n. [F., Sp. escalada (cf. It. scalata ), fr. Sp. escalar to scale, LL. scalare , fr. L. scala ladder. See Scale , v. t. ] (Mil.) A furious attack made by troops on a fortified place, in which ladders are used to pass a ditch or mount a rampart.
Sin enters, not by escalade , but by cunning or treachery. Buckminster.
Escalade <Xpage=508>
Es`ca*lade" , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Escaladed ; p. pr. & vb. n. Escalading .] (Mil.) To mount and pass or enter by means of ladders; to scale; as, to escalate a wall .
Escallop <Xpage=508>
Es*cal"lop (?) , n. See Escalop .
Escalloped <Xpage=508>
Es*cal"loped (?) , a. See Escaloped .
Escalop <Xpage=508>
Es*cal"op (?; 277) , n. [OF. escalope shell, F. escalope a sort of cut of meat. See Scallop .]
1. (Zo\'94l.) A bivalve shell of the genus Pecten . See Scallop .
2. A regular, curving indenture in the margin of anything. See Scallop . "So many jags or escalops ."
Ray.
3. (a) The figure or shell of an escalop, considered as a sign that the bearer had been on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land. Hence: (b) (Her.) A bearing or a charge consisting of an escalop shell.
Escaloped <Xpage=508>
Es*cal"oped (?) , a.
1. Cut or marked in the form of an escalop; scalloped.
2. (Her.) Covered with a pattern resembling a series of escalop shells, each of which issues from between two others. Its appearance is that of a surface covered with scales.
Escaloped oysters (Cookery) . See under Scalloped .
Escambio <Xpage=508>
Es*cam"bi*o (?) , n. [LL. escambium , excambium . See Excamb .] (Eng. Law) A license formerly required for the making over a bill of exchange to another over sea.
Cowell.
Escapable <Xpage=508>
Es*cap"a*ble (?) , a. Avoidable.
Escapade <Xpage=508>
Es`ca*pade" (?) , n. [F., fr. Sp. escapada escape, fr. escapar to escape; or F., fr. It. scappata escape, escapade, fr. scappare to escape. see Escape .]
1. The fling of a horse, or ordinary kicking back of his heels; a gambol.
<page="509"> Page 509
2. Act by which one breaks loose from the rules of propriety or good sense; a freak; a prank.
Carlyle.
Escape <Xpage=509>
Es*cape" (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Escaped (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Escaping .] [OE. escapen , eschapen , OF. escaper , eschaper , F. echapper , fr. LL. ex cappa out of one's cape or cloak; hence, to slip out of one's cape and escape. See 3d Cape , and cf. Scape , v .]
1. To flee from and avoid; to be saved or exempt from; to shun; to obtain security from; as, to escape danger . "Sailors that escaped the wreck."
Shak.
2. To avoid the notice of; to pass unobserved by; to evade; as, the fact escaped our attention .
They escaped the search of the enemy. Ludlow.
Escape <Xpage=509>
Es*cape" , v. i.
1. To flee, and become secure from danger; -- often followed by from or out of .
Haste, for thy life escape , nor look behind<?/<?/ Keble.
2. To get clear from danger or evil of any form; to be passed without harm.
Such heretics . . . would have been thought fortunate, if they escaped with life. Macaulay.
3. To get free from that which confines or holds; -- used of persons or things; as, to escape from prison, from arrest, or from slavery; gas escapes from the pipes; electricity escapes from its conductors.
To escape out of these meshes. Thackeray.
Escape <Xpage=509>
Es*cape" , n.
1. The act of fleeing from danger, of evading harm, or of avoiding notice; deliverance from injury or any evil; flight; as, an escape in battle; a narrow escape ; also, the means of escape; as, a fire escape .
I would hasten my escape from the windy storm. Ps. lv. 8.
2. That which escapes attention or restraint; a mistake; an oversight; also, transgression. [Obs.]
I should have been more accurate, and corrected all those former escapes . Burton.
3. A sally. "Thousand escapes of wit."
Shak.
4. (Law) The unlawful permission, by a jailer or other custodian, of a prisoner's departure from custody.
&hand; Escape is technically distinguishable from prison breach , which is the unlawful departure of the prisoner from custody, escape being the permission of the departure by the custodian, either by connivance or negligence. The term escape , however, is applied by some of the old authorities to a departure from custody by stratagem, or without force.
Wharton.
5. (Arch.) An apophyge.
6. Leakage or outflow, as of steam or a liquid.
7. (Elec.) Leakage or loss of currents from the conducting wires, caused by defective insulation.
Escape pipe (Steam Boilers) , a pipe for carrying away steam that escapes through a safety valve. -- Escape valve (Steam Engine) , a relief valve; a safety valve. See under Relief , and Safety . -- Escape wheel (Horol.) , the wheel of an escapement.
Escapement <Xpage=509>
Es*cape"ment (?) , n. [Cf. F. \'82chappement . See Escape .]
1. The act of escaping; escape. [R.]
2. Way of escape; vent. [R.]
An escapement for youthful high spirits. G. Eliot.
3. The contrivance in a timepiece which connects the train of wheel work with the pendulum or balance, giving to the latter the impulse by which it is kept in vibration; -- so called because it allows a tooth to escape from a pallet at each vibration.
&hand; Escapements are of several kinds, as the vertical , or verge , or crown , escapement , formerly used in watches, in which two pallets on the balance arbor engage with a crown wheel; the anchor escapement , in which an anchor-shaped piece carries the pallets; -- used in common clocks (both are called recoil escapements , from the recoil of the escape wheel at each vibration); the cylinder escapement , having an open-sided hollow cylinder on the balance arbor to control the escape wheel; the duplex escapement , having two sets of teeth on the wheel; the lever escapement , which is a kind of detached escapement , because the pallets are on a lever so arranged that the balance which vibrates it is detached during the greater part of its vibration and thus swings more freely; the detent escapement , used in chronometers; the remontoir escapement , in which the escape wheel is driven by an independent spring or weight wound up at intervals by the clock train, -- sometimes used in astronomical clocks. When the shape of an escape-wheel tooth is such that it falls dead on the pallet without recoil, it forms a deadbeat escapement .
Escaper <Xpage=509>
Es*cap"er (?) , n. One who escapes.
Escarbuncle <Xpage=509>
Es*car"bun*cle (?) , n. [OF. escarbuncle , F. escaboucle .] (Her.) See Carbuncle , 3.
Escargatoire <Xpage=509>
Es*car`ga*toire" (?) , n. [F. escargoti\'8are , fr. escargot snail.] A nursery of snails. [Obs.]
Addison.
Escarp <Xpage=509>
Es*carp" (?) , n. [F. escarpe (cf. Sp. escarpa , It. scarpa ), fr. escarper to cut steep, cut to a slope, prob. of German origin: cf. G. scharf sharp,, E. sharp , or perh. scrape .] (Fort.) The side of the ditch next the parapet; -- same as scarp , and opposed to counterscarp .
Escarp <Xpage=509>
Es*carp" , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Escarped (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Escarping .] (Mil.) To make into, or furnish with, a steep slope, like that of a scrap.
Carleton.
Escarpment <Xpage=509>
Es*carp"ment (?) , n. [Cf. F. escarpement .] A steep descent or declivity; steep face or edge of a ridge; ground about a fortified place, cut away nearly vertically to prevent hostile approach. See Scarp .
-escent <Xpage=509>
-es"cent (?) . [From the ending -escens , -entis , of the p. pr. of inchoative verbs in Latin.] A suffix signifying beginning , beginning to be ; as, adol escent , efferv escent , etc.
Eschalot <Xpage=509>
Esch`a*lot" (?) , n. (Bot.) See Shallot .
Eschar <Xpage=509>
Es"char (?) , n. [L. eschara , Gr. <?/: cf. F. eschare . See Scar .] (Med.) A dry slough, crust, or scab, which separates from the healthy part of the body, as that produced by a burn, or the application of caustics.
Eschar <Xpage=509>
Es"char (?) , n. [Ir.] (Geol.) In Ireland, one of the continuous mounds or ridges of gravelly and sandy drift which extend for many miles over the surface of the country. Similar ridges in Scotland are called kames or kams . [Written also eskar and esker .]
Eschara <Xpage=509>
Es"cha*ra (?) , n. [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a grate, a pan of coals.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of Bryozoa which produce delicate corals, often incrusting like lichens, but sometimes branched.
Escharine <Xpage=509>
Es"cha*rine (?) , a. (Zo\'94l.) Like, or pertaining to, the genus Eschara, or family Escharid\'91 .
Escharotic <Xpage=509>
Es`cha*rot"ic (?) , a. [Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ an eschar: cf. F. escharotique .] (Med.) Serving or tending to form an eschar;; producing a scar; caustic.
Escharotic <Xpage=509>
Es`cha*rot"ic , n. (Med.) A substance which produces an eschar; a caustic, esp., a mild caustic.
Eschatological <Xpage=509>
Es`cha*to*log"ic*al (?) , a. Pertaining to the last or final things.
Eschatology <Xpage=509>
Es`cha*tol"o*gy (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ the furthest, last + -logy .] The doctrine of the last or final things, as death, judgment, and the events therewith connected.
Eschaunge <Xpage=509>
Es*chaunge" (?) , n. Exchange. [Obs.]
Escheat <Xpage=509>
Es*cheat" (?) , n. [OE. eschete , escheyte , an escheat, fr. OF. escheit , escheoit , escheeite , esheoite , fr. escheoir (F. \'82choir ) to fall to, fall to the lot of; pref. es- (L. ex ) + cheoir , F. choir , to fall, fr. L. cadere . See Chance , and cf. Cheat .]
1. (Law) (a) (Feud. & Eng. Law) The falling back or reversion of lands, by some casualty or accident, to the lord of the fee, in consequence of the extinction of the blood of the tenant, which may happen by his dying without heirs, and formerly might happen by corruption of blood, that is, by reason of a felony or attainder . Tomlins . Blackstone . (b) (U. S. Law) The reverting of real property to the State, as original and ultimate proprietor, by reason of a failure of persons legally entitled to hold the same.
&hand; A distinction is carefully made, by English writers, between escheat to the lord of the fee and forfeiture to the crown . But in this country, where the State holds the place of chief lord of the fee, and is entitled to take alike escheat and by forfeiture, this distinction is not essential.
Tomlins. Kent.
(c) A writ, now abolished, to recover escheats from the person in possession.
Blackstone.
2. Lands which fall to the lord or the State by escheat.
3. That which falls to one; a reversion or return
To make me great by others' loss is bad escheat . Spenser.
Escheat <Xpage=509>
Es*cheat" , v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Esheated ; p. pr. & vb. n. Escheating .] (Law) To revert, or become forfeited, to the lord, the crown, or the State, as lands by the failure of persons entitled to hold the same, or by forfeiture.
&hand; In this country it is the general rule that when the title to land fails by defect of heirs or devisees, it necessarily escheats to the State; but forfeiture of estate from crime is hardly known in this country, and corruption of blood is universally abolished.
Kent. Bouvier.
Escheat <Xpage=509>
Es*cheat" , v. t. (Law) To forfeit.
Bp. Hall.
Escheatable <Xpage=509>
Es*cheat"a*ble (?) , a. Liable to escheat.
Escheatage <Xpage=509>
Es*cheat"age (?; 48) , n. The right of succeeding to an escheat.
Sherwood.
Escheator <Xpage=509>
Es*cheat"or (?) , n. (Law) An officer whose duty it is to observe what escheats have taken place, and to take charge of them.
Burrill.
Eschevin <Xpage=509>
Es"che*vin (?) , n. [OF. eschevin , a sort of magistrate, alderman, F. \'82chevin .] The alderman or chief officer of an ancient guild. [Obs.]
Eschew <Xpage=509>
Es*chew" (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Eshewed (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Eshewing .] [OF. eschever , eschiver , eskiver , F. esquiver , fr. OHG. sciuhen , G. scheuen ; akin to E. sky . See Shy , a. ]
1. To shun; to avoid, as something wrong, or from a feeling of distaste; to keep one's self clear of.
They must not only eschew evil, but do good. Bp. Beveridge.
2. To escape from; to avoid. [Obs.]
He who obeys, destruction shall eschew . Sandys.
Eschewer <Xpage=509>
Es*chew"er (?) , n. One who eschews.
Eschewment <Xpage=509>
Es*chew"ment (?) , n. The act of eschewing. [R.]
Eschscholtzia <Xpage=509>
Esch*scholtz"i*a (?) , n. [NL. Named after Dr. Eschscholtz , a German botanist.] (Bot.) A genus of papaveraceous plants, found in California and upon the west coast of North America, some species of which produce beautiful yellow, orange, rose-colored, or white flowers; the California poppy.
Eschynite <Xpage=509>
Es"chy*nite (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ shame.] (Min.) A rare mineral, containing chiefly niobium, titanium, thorium, and cerium. It was so called by Berzelius on account of the inability of chemical science, at the time of its discovery, to separate some of its constituents.
Escocheon <Xpage=509>
Es*coch"eon (?) , n. Escutcheon. [Obs.]
Escopet, Escopette <Xpage=509>
Es`co*pet" , Es`co*pette" (?) , n. [Sp. escopeta , F. escopette .] A kind of firearm; a carbine.
Escorial <Xpage=509>
Es*co"ri*al (?) , n. [Sp.] See Escurial .
Escort <Xpage=509>
Es"cort (?) , n. [F. escorte , It. scorta a guard or guide, fr. scorgere to perceive, discern, lead, fr. L. ex out, quite + corrigere to correct, set right. See Correct .]
1. A body of armed men to attend a person of distinction for the sake of affording safety when on a journey; one who conducts some one as an attendant; a guard, as of prisoners on a march; also, a body of persons, attending as a mark of respect or honor; -- applied to movements on land, as convoy is to movements at sea.
The troops of my escort marched at the ordinary rate. Burke.
2. Protection, care, or safeguard on a journey or excursion; as, to travel under the escort of a friend .
Escort <Xpage=509>
Es*cort" (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Escorted ; p. pr. & vb. n. Escorting .] [Cf. F. escorter , It. scortare . See Escort , n. ] To attend with a view to guard and protect; to accompany as safeguard; to give honorable or ceremonious attendance to; -- used esp. with reference to journeys or excursions on land; as, to escort a public functionary, or a lady; to escort a baggage wagon.
Syn. -- To accompany; attend. See Accompany .
Escot <Xpage=509>
Es*cot" (?) , n. [OF.] See Scot , a tax. [Obs.]
Escot <Xpage=509>
Es*cot" , v. t. To pay the reckoning for; to support; to maintain. [Obs.]
Shak.
Escouade <Xpage=509>
Es`couade" (?) , n. See Squad ,
Escout <Xpage=509>
Es*cout" (?) , n. See Scout . [Obs.]
Hayward.
Escribed <Xpage=509>
Es*cribed" (?) , a. [L. e out, out of + scribere to write.] Drawn outside of; -- used to designate a circle that touches one of the sides of a given triangle, and also the other two sides produced.
Escript <Xpage=509>