Chapter 496

E*clip"tic , a. [L. eclipticus belonging to an eclipse, Gr. <?/. See Eclipse .]

1. Pertaining to the ecliptic; as, the ecliptic way .

2. Pertaining to an eclipse or to eclipses.

Lunar ecliptic limit (Astron.) , the space of 12&deg; on the moon's orbit from the node, within which, if the moon happens to be at full, it will be eclipsed. -- Solar ecliptic limit , the space of 17&deg; from the lunar node, within which, if a conjunction of the sun and moon occur, the sun will be eclipsed.

Eclogite <Xpage=469>

Ec"lo*gite (?) , n. [See Ecloque .] (Min.) A rock consisting of granular red garnet, light green smaragdite, and common hornblende; -- so called in reference to its beauty.

Eclogue <Xpage=469>

Ec"logue (?) , n. [L. ecloga , Gr. <?/ a selection, choice extracts, fr. <?/ to pick out, choose out; <?/ out + <?/ to gather, choose: cf. F. \'82gloque , \'82cloque . See Ex- , and Legend .] A pastoral poem, in which shepherds are introduced conversing with each other; a bucolic; an idyl; as, the Ecloques of Virgil, from which the modern usage of the word has been established .

Economic; 277, Economical <Xpage=469>

E`co*nom"ic (?; 277) , E`co*nom"ic*al (?) , a. [F. \'82conomique , L. oeconomicus orderly, methodical, Gr. <?/ economical. See Economy .]

1. Pertaining to the household; domestic. "In this economical misfortune [of ill-assorted matrimony.]"

Milton.

2. Relating to domestic economy, or to the management of household affairs.

And doth employ her economic art And busy care, her household to preserve. Sir J. Davies.

3. Managing with frugality; guarding against waste or unnecessary expense; careful and frugal in management and in expenditure; -- said of character or habits.

Just rich enough, with economic care, To save a pittance. Harte.

4. Managed with frugality; not marked with waste or extravagance; frugal; -- said of acts; saving; as, an economical use of money or of time .

5. Relating to the means of living, or the resources and wealth of a country; relating to political economy; as, economic purposes; economical truths.

These matters economical and political. J. C. Shairp.

There was no economical distress in England to prompt the enterprises of colonization. Palfrey.

Economic questions, such as money, usury, taxes, lands, and the employment of the people. H. C. Baird.

6. Regulative; relating to the adaptation of means to an end.

Grew.

&hand; Economical is the usual form when meaning frugal, saving; economic is the form commonly used when meaning pertaining to the management of a household, or of public affairs.

Economically <Xpage=469>

E`co*nom"ic*al*ly (?) , adv. With economy; with careful management; with prudence in expenditure.

Economics <Xpage=469>

E`co*nom"ics (?) , n. [Gr. <?/, equiv. to <?/ <?/. See Economic .]

1. The science of household affairs, or of domestic management.

2. Political economy; the science of the utilities or the useful application of wealth or material resources. See Political economy , under Political . "In politics and economics ."

V. Knox.

Economist <Xpage=469>

E*con"o*mist (?) , n. [Cf. F. \'82conomiste .]

1. One who economizes, or manages domestic or other concerns with frugality; one who expends money, time, or labor, judiciously, and without waste. " Economists even to parsimony."

Burke.

2. One who is conversant with political economy; a student of economics.

Economization <Xpage=469>

E*con`o*mi*za"tion (?) , n. The act or practice of using to the best effect. [R.]

H. Spenser.

Economize <Xpage=469>

E*con"o*mize (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Economized (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Economizing .] [Cf. F. \'82conomiser .] To manage with economy; to use with prudence; to expend with frugality; as, to economize one's income . [Written also economise .]

Expenses in the city were to be economized . Jowett (Thucyd. ).

Calculating how to economize time. W. Irving.

Economize <Xpage=469>

E*con"o*mize , v. i. To be prudently sparing in expenditure; to be frugal and saving; as, to economize in order to grow rich . [Written also economise .]

Milton.

Economizer <Xpage=469>

E*con"o*mi`zer (?) , n. 1. One who, or that which, economizes.

2. Specifically: (Steam Boilers) An arrangement of pipes for heating feed water by waste heat in the gases passing to the chimney.

Economy <Xpage=469>

E*con"o*my (?) , n. ; pl. Economies (#) . [F. \'82conomie , L. oeconomia household management, fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ one managing a household; <?/ house (akin to L. vicus village, E. vicinity ) + <?/ usage, law, rule, fr. <?/ to distribute, mange. See Vicinity , Nomad .]

1. The management of domestic affairs; the regulation and government of household matters; especially as they concern expense or disbursement; as, a careful economy .

Himself busy in charge of the household economies . Froude.

2. Orderly arrangement and management of the internal affairs of a state or of any establishment kept up by production and consumption; esp., such management as directly concerns wealth; as, political economy .

3. The system of rules and regulations by which anything is managed; orderly system of regulating the distribution and uses of parts, conceived as the result of wise and economical adaptation in the author, whether human or divine; as, the animal or vegetable economy ; the economy of a poem; the Jewish economy .

The position which they [the verb and adjective] hold in the general economy of language. Earle.

In the Greek poets, as also in Plautus, we shall see the economy . . . of poems better observed than in Terence. B. Jonson.

The Jews already had a Sabbath, which, as citizens and subjects of that economy , they were obliged to keep. Paley.

4. Thrifty and frugal housekeeping; management without loss or waste; frugality in expenditure; prudence and disposition to save; as, a housekeeper accustomed to economy but not to parsimony .

Political economy . See under Political .

Syn. -- Economy , Frugality , Parsimony . Economy avoids all waste and extravagance, and applies money to the best advantage; frugality cuts off indulgences, and proceeds on a system of saving. The latter conveys the idea of not using or spending superfluously, and is opposed to lavishness or profusion . Frugality is usually applied to matters of consumption, and commonly points to simplicity of manners; parsimony is frugality carried to an extreme, involving meanness of spirit, and a sordid mode of living. Economy is a virtue, and parsimony a vice.

<page="470"> Page 470

I have no other notion of economy than that it is the parent to liberty and ease. Swift.

The father was more given to frugality , and the son to riotousness [luxuriousness]. Golding.

</corch\'82 <Xpage=470>

<?/`cor`ch\'82" (?) , n. [F.] (Fine Arts) A manikin, or image, representing an animal, especially man, with the skin removed so that the muscles are exposed for purposes of study.

</cossaise <Xpage=470>

<?/`cos`saise" (?) , n. [F.] (Mus.) A dancing tune in the Scotch style.

Ecostate <Xpage=470>

E*cos"tate (?) , a. [Pref. e- + costate .] (Bot.) Having no ribs or nerves; -- said of a leaf.

</coute <Xpage=470>

<?/`coute" (?) , n. [F., a listening place.] (Mil.) One of the small galleries run out in front of the glacis. They serve to annoy the enemy's miners.

Ecphasis <Xpage=470>

Ec"pha*sis (?) , n. [NL., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to speak out.] (Rhet.) An explicit declaration.

Ecphonema <Xpage=470>

Ec`pho*ne"ma (?) , n. [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a thing called out, fr. <?/ to cry out; <?/ out + <?/ voice.] (Rhet.) A breaking out with some interjectional particle.

Ecphoneme <Xpage=470>

Ec"pho*neme (?) , n. [See Ecphonema .] A mark (!) used to indicate an exclamation.

G. Brown.

Ecphonesis <Xpage=470>

Ec`pho*ne"sis (?) , n. [NL., fr. Gr. <?/. See Ecphonema .] (Rhet.) An animated or passionate exclamation.

The feelings by the ecphonesis are very various. Gibbs.

Ecphractic <Xpage=470>

Ec*phrac"tic (?) , a. [Gr. <?/, from <?/ to open; <?/ out + <?/ to block up: cf. F. ecphractique .] (Med.) Serving to dissolve or attenuate viscid matter, and so to remove obstructions; deobstruent. -- n. An ecphractic medicine.

Harvey.

</crasement <Xpage=470>

<?/`crase`ment" (?) , n. [F.] (Surg.) The operation performed with an \'82craseur.

</craseur <Xpage=470>

<?/`cra`seur" (?) , n. [F., fr. \'82craser to crush.] (Surg.) An instrument intended to replace the knife in many operations, the parts operated on being severed by the crushing effect produced by the gradual tightening of a steel chain, so that hemorrhage rarely follows.

</cru <Xpage=470>

<?/`cru" (?) , a. [F., fr. L. crudus raw.] Having the color or appearance of unbleached stuff, as silk, linen, or the like.

Ecstasy <Xpage=470>

Ec"sta*sy (?) , n. ; pl. Ecstasies (#) . [F. extase , L. ecstasis , fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to put out of place, derange; <?/ = <?/ out + <?/ to set, stand. See Ex- , and Stand .] [Also written extasy .]

1. The state of being beside one's self or rapt out of one's self; a state in which the mind is elevated above the reach of ordinary impressions, as when under the influence of overpowering emotion; an extraordinary elevation of the spirit, as when the soul, unconscious of sensible objects, is supposed to contemplate heavenly mysteries.

Like a mad prophet in an ecstasy . Dryden.

This is the very ecstasy of love. Shak.

2. Excessive and overmastering joy or enthusiasm; rapture; enthusiastic delight.

He on the tender grass Would sit, and hearken even to ecstasy . Milton.

3. Violent distraction of mind; violent emotion; excessive grief of anxiety; insanity; madness. [Obs.]

That unmatched form and feature of blown youth Blasted with ecstasy . Shak.

Our words will but increase his ecstasy . Marlowe.

4. (Med.) A state which consists in total suspension of sensibility, of voluntary motion, and largely of mental power. The body is erect and inflexible; the pulsation and breathing are not affected.

Mayne.

Ecstasy <Xpage=470>

Ec"sta*sy , v. t. To fill ecstasy, or with rapture or enthusiasm. [Obs.]

The most ecstasied order of holy . . . spirits. Jer. Taylor.

Ecstatic <Xpage=470>

Ec*stat"ic (?) , a. [Gr. <?/, fr. <?/: cf. F. extatique . See Ecstasy , n. ]

1. Pertaining to, or caused by, ecstasy or excessive emotion; of the nature, or in a state, of ecstasy; as, ecstatic gaze; ecstatic trance.

This ecstatic fit of love and jealousy. Hammond.

2. Delightful beyond measure; rapturous; ravishing; as, ecstatic bliss or joy .

Ecstatic <Xpage=470>

Ec*stat"ic , n. An enthusiast. [R.]

Gauden.

Ecstatical <Xpage=470>

Ec*stat"ic*al (?) , a. 1. Ecstatic.

Bp. Stillingfleet.

2. Tending to external objects. [R.]

Norris.

Ecstatically <Xpage=470>

Ec*stat"ic*al*ly , adv. Rapturously; ravishingly.

Ect-, Ecto- <Xpage=470>

Ect- (?) , Ec"to- (?) . [Gr. <?/ outside.] A combining form signifying without , outside , external .

Ectad <Xpage=470>

Ec"tad (?) , adv. [ Ect- + L. ad towards.] (Anat.) Toward the outside or surface; -- opposed to entad .

B. G. Wilder.

Ectal <Xpage=470>

Ec"tal (?) , a. [See Ect- .] (Anat.) Pertaining to, or situated near, the surface; outer; -- opposed to ental .

B. G. Wilder.

Ectasia <Xpage=470>

Ec*ta"si*a (?) , n. [NL. See Ectasis .] (Med.) A dilatation of a hollow organ or of a canal.

Ectasis <Xpage=470>

Ec"ta*sis (?) , n. [L., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ out + <?/ to stretch.] (Pros.) The lengthening of a syllable from short to long.

Ectental <Xpage=470>

Ec*ten"tal (?) , a. [Gr. <?/ outside + <?/ inside.] (Biol.) Relating to, or connected with, the two primitive germ layers, the ectoderm and ectoderm; as, the " ectental line" or line of juncture of the two layers in the segmentation of the ovum .

C. S. Minot.

Ecteron <Xpage=470>

Ec"ter*on (?) , n. [See Ect- .] (Anat.) The external layer of the skin and mucous membranes; epithelium; ecderon. -- Ec`ter*on"ic (#) , a.

Ectethmoid <Xpage=470>

Ec*teth"moid (?) , a. [ Ect- + ethmoid .] (Anat.) External to the ethmoid; prefrontal.

Ecthlipsis <Xpage=470>

Ec*thlip"sis (?) , n. [L., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to squeeze out.]

1. The dropping out or suppression from a word of a consonant, with or without a vowel.

2. (Lat. Pros.) The elision of a final m , with the preceding vowel, before a word beginning with a vowel.

Ecthoreum <Xpage=470>

Ec`tho*re"um (?) , n. ; pl. Ecthorea (#) . [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ to leap out; <?/ out + <?/, <?/, to leap, dart.] (Zo\'94l.) The slender, hollow thread of a nettling cell or cnida. See Nettling cell . [Written also ecthor\'91um .]

Ecthyma <Xpage=470>

Ec*thy"ma (?) , n. ; pl. Ecthymata (#) . [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ pimple, fr. <?/ to break out.] (Med.) A cutaneous eruption, consisting of large, round pustules, upon an indurated and inflamed base.

Dunglison.

Ecto- <Xpage=470>

Ec"to- (?) . See Ect- .

Ectoblast <Xpage=470>

Ec"to*blast (?) , n. [ Ecto- + Gr. <?/ bud, germ.] (Biol.) (a) The outer layer of the blastoderm; the epiblast; the ectoderm . (b) The outer envelope of a cell; the cell wall.

Agassiz.

Ectobronchium <Xpage=470>

Ec`to*bron"chi*um (?) , n. ; pl. Ectobronchia (#) . [NL. See Ecto- , and Bronchia .] (Anat.) One of the dorsal branches of the main bronchi in the lungs of birds.

Ectocuneriform, Ectocuniform <Xpage=470>

Ec`to*cu*ne"ri*form (?) , Ec`to*cu"ni*form (?) , n. [ Ecto- + cuneiform , cuniform .] (Anat.) One of the bones of the tarsus. See Cuneiform .

Ectocyst <Xpage=470>

Ec"to*cyst (?) , n. [ Ecto- + Gr. <?/ bladder.] (Zo\'94l.) The outside covering of the Bryozoa.

Ectoderm <Xpage=470>

Ec"to*derm (?) , n. [ Ecto- + -derm .] (Biol.) (a) The outer layer of the blastoderm; epiblast . (b) The external skin or outer layer of an animal or plant, this being formed in an animal from the epiblast. See Illust . of Blastoderm .

Ectodermal, Ectodermic <Xpage=470>

Ec`to*der"mal (?) , Ec`to*der"mic (?) , a. (Biol.) Of or relating to the ectoderm.

Ectolecithal <Xpage=470>

Ec`to*lec"i*thal (?) , a. [ Ecto- + Gr. <?/ the yolk of an egg.] (Biol.) Having the food yolk, at the commencement of segmentation, in a peripheral position, and the cleavage process confined to the center of the egg; as, ectolecithal ova .

Ectomere <Xpage=470>

Ec"to*mere (?) , n. [ Ecto- + -mere .] (Biol.) The more transparent cells, which finally become external, in many segmenting ova, as those of mammals.

Ectoparasite <Xpage=470>

Ec`to*par"a*site (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) Any parasite which lives on the exterior of animals; -- opposed to endoparasite . -- Ec`to*par`a*sit"ic (#) , a.

Ectopia <Xpage=470>

Ec*to"pi*a (?) , n. [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ out + <?/ place.] (Med.) A morbid displacement of parts, especially such as is congenial; as, ectopia of the heart, or of the bladder .

Ectopic <Xpage=470>

Ec*top"ic (?) , a. (Med.) Out of place; congenitally displaced; as, an ectopic organ .

Ectoplasm <Xpage=470>

Ec"to*plasm (?) , n. [ Ecto- + Gr. <?/ form.] (Biol.) (a) The outer transparent layer of protoplasm in a developing ovum . (b) The outer hyaline layer of protoplasm in a vegetable cell . (c) The ectosarc of protozoan.

Ectoplastic <Xpage=470>

Ec`to*plas"tic (?) , a. [ Ecto- + Gr. <?/ to mold.] Pertaining to, or composed of, ectoplasm.

Ectoprocta <Xpage=470>

Ec`to*proc"ta (?) , n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ outside + <?/ the anus.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of Bryozoa in which the anus lies outside the circle of tentacles.

Ectopy <Xpage=470>

Ec"to*py (?) , n. (Med.) Same as Ectopia .

Ectorganism <Xpage=470>

Ect*or"gan*ism (?) , n. [ Ect- + organism .] (Biol.) An external parasitic organism.

Ectosarc <Xpage=470>

Ec"to*sarc (?) , n. [ Ecto- + Gr. <?/, <?/, flesh.] (Biol.) The semisolid external layer of protoplasm in some unicellular organisms, as the am\'d2ba; ectoplasm; exoplasm.

Ectosteal <Xpage=470>

Ec*tos"te*al (?) , a. (Physiol.) Of or pertaining to ectostosis; as, ectosteal ossification .

Ectostosis <Xpage=470>

Ec`tos*to"sis (?) , n. [NL. See Ect- , and Ostosis .] (Physiol.) A process of bone formation in which ossification takes place in the perichondrium and either surrounds or gradually replaces the cartilage.

Ectozoic <Xpage=470>

Ec`to*zo"ic (?) , a. (Zo\'94l.) See Epizoic .

Ectozo\'94n <Xpage=470>

Ec`to*zo"\'94n (?) , n. ; pl. Ectozoa (#) . [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ outside + <?/ an animal.] (Zo\'94l.) See Epizo\'94n .

Ectropion <Xpage=470>

Ec*tro"pi*on (?) , n. [NL., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ a turning aside; <?/ from + <?/ to turn.] (Med.) An unnatural eversion of the eyelids.

Ectropium <Xpage=470>

Ec*tro"pi*um (?) , n. [NL.] (Med.) Same as Ectropion .

Ectrotic <Xpage=470>