Chapter 495

Ec*cle`si*as"tes (?) , n. [L., fr. Gr. <?/ a preacher. See Ecclesiastic , a. ] One of the canonical books of the Old Testament.

Ecclesiastic <Xpage=468>

Ec*cle`si*as"tic (?; 277) , a. [L. ecclesiasticus , Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ an assembly of citizens called out by the crier; also, the church, fr. <?/ called out, fr. <?/ to call out; <?/ out + <?/ to call. See Ex- , and Hale , v. t. , Haul .] Of or pertaining to the church. See Ecclesiastical . " Ecclesiastic government."

Swift.

Ecclesiastic <Xpage=468>

Ec*cle`si*as"tic , n. A person in holy orders, or consecrated to the service of the church and the ministry of religion; a clergyman; a priest.

From a humble ecclesiastic , he was subsequently preferred to the highest dignities of the church. Prescott.

Ecclesiastical <Xpage=468>

Ec*cle`si*as"tic*al (?) , a. [See Ecclesiastical , a. ] Of or pertaining to the church; relating to the organization or government of the church; not secular; as, ecclesiastical affairs or history; ecclesiastical courts.

Every circumstance of ecclesiastical order and discipline was an abomination. Cowper.

Ecclesiastical commissioners for England , a permanent commission established by Parliament in 1836, to consider and report upon the affairs of the Established Church. -- Ecclesiastical courts , courts for maintaining the discipline of the Established Church; -- called also Christian courts . [Eng.] -- Ecclesiastical law , a combination of civil and canon law as administered in ecclesiastical courts. [Eng.] -- Ecclesiastical modes (Mus.) , the church modes, or the scales anciently used. -- Ecclesiastical States , the territory formerly subject to the Pope of Rome as its temporal ruler; -- called also States of the Church . <-- and Papal States. -->

Ecclesiastically <Xpage=468>

Ec*cle`si*as"tic*al*ly (?) , adv. In an ecclesiastical manner; according ecclesiastical rules.

Ecclesiasticism <Xpage=468>

Ec*cle`si*as"ti*cism (?) , n. Strong attachment to ecclesiastical usages, forms, etc.

Ecclesiasticus <Xpage=468>

Ec*cle`si*as"ti*cus (?) , n. [L.] A book of the Apocrypha.

Ecclesiological <Xpage=468>

Ec*cle`si*o*log"ic*al (?) , a. Belonging to ecclesiology.

Ecclesiologist <Xpage=468>

Ec*cle`si*ol"o*gist (?) , n. One versed in ecclesiology.

Ecclesiology <Xpage=468>

Ec*cle`si*ol"o*gy (?) , n. [ Ecclesia + -logy .] The science or theory of church building and decoration.

Eccritic <Xpage=468>

Ec*crit"ic (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ secretive, fr. <?/ to choose out.] (Med.) A remedy which promotes discharges, as an emetic, or a cathartic.

Ecderon <Xpage=468>

Ec"der*on (?) , n. [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ out + <?/ skin.] (Anat.) See Ecteron . -- Ec`der*on"ic (#) , a.

Ecdysis <Xpage=468>

Ec"dy*sis (?) , n. ; pl. Ecdyses (#) . [NL., fr. Gr. 'e`kdysis a getting out, fr. 'ekdy`ein , to put off; 'ek out + dy`ein to enter.] (Biol.) The act of shedding, or casting off, an outer cuticular layer, as in the case of serpents, lobsters, etc.; a coming out; as, the ecdysis of the pupa from its shell ; exuviation.

Ecgonine <Xpage=468>

Ec"go*nine (?; 104) , n. [Gr. 'e`kgonos sprung from.] (Chem.) A colorless, crystalline, nitrogenous base, obtained by the decomposition of cocaine.

</chauguette <Xpage=468>

<?/`chau`guette" (?) , n. [F.] A small chamber or place of protection for a sentinel, usually in the form of a projecting turret, or the like. See Castle .

Eche <Xpage=468>

Ech"e (?) , a. &or; a. pron. Each. [Obs.]

Chaucer.

Echelon <Xpage=468>

Ech"e*lon (?) , n. [F., fr. \'82chelle ladder, fr. L. scala .]

1. (Mil.) An arrangement of a body of troops when its divisions are drawn up in parallel lines each to the right or the left of the one in advance of it, like the steps of a ladder in position for climbing. Also used adjectively; as, echelon distance .

Upton (Tactics).

2. (Naval) An arrangement of a fleet in a wedge or <?/ form.

Encyc. Dict.

Echelon lens (Optics) , a large lens constructed in several parts or layers, extending in a succession of annular rings beyond the central lens; -- used in lighthouses.

Echelon <Xpage=468>

Ech"e*lon (?) , v. t. (Mil.) To place in echelon; to station divisions of troops in echelon.

Echelon <Xpage=468>

Ech"e*lon , v. i. To take position in echelon.

Change direction to the left, echelon by battalion from the right. Upton (Tactics).

Echidna <Xpage=468>

E*chid"na (?) , n. [L., a viper, adder, Gr. <?/.]

1. (Gr. Myth.) A monster, half maid and half serpent.

2. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of Monotremata found in Australia, Tasmania, and New Guinea. They are toothless and covered with spines; -- called also porcupine ant-eater , and Australian ant-eater .

Echidnine <Xpage=468>

E*chid"nine (?; 104) , n. [See Echidna .] (Chem.) The clear, viscid fluid secreted by the poison glands of certain serpents; also, a nitrogenous base contained in this, and supposed to be the active poisonous principle of the virus.

Brande & C.

Echinate, Echinated <Xpage=468>

Ech"i*nate (?) , Ech"i*na`ted (?) , a. [L. echinatus . See Echinus .] Set with prickles; prickly, like a hedgehog; bristled; as, an echinated pericarp .

Echinid <Xpage=468>

E*chi"nid (?) , a. & n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Echinoid .

Echinidan <Xpage=468>

E*chin"i*dan (?) , n. [Cf. F. \'82chinide .] (Zo\'94l.) One the Echinoidea.

Echinital <Xpage=468>

E*chin"i*tal (?) , a. Of, or like, an echinite.

Echinite <Xpage=468>

Ech"i*nite (?) , n. [Cf. F. \'82chinite . See Echinus .] (Paleon.) A fossil echinoid.

Echinococcus <Xpage=468>

E*chi`no*coc"cus (?) , n. [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ hedgehog, sea urchin + <?/ grain, seed. So called because forming little granular bodies, each armed with hooklets and disposed upon the inner wall of the hydatid cysts.] (Zo\'94l.) A parasite of man and of many domestic and wild animals, forming compound cysts or tumors (called hydatid cysts) in various organs, but especially in the liver and lungs, which often cause death. It is the larval stage of the T\'91nia echinococcus , a small tapeworm peculiar to the dog.

Echinoderm <Xpage=468>

E*chin"o*derm` (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Echinodermata.

Echinodermal <Xpage=468>

E*chi`no*der"mal (?) , a. (Zo\'94l.) Relating or belonging to the echinoderms.

Echinodermata <Xpage=468>

E*chi`no*der"ma*ta (?) , n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ hedgehog, sea urchin + <?/, <?/, skin.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the grand divisions of the animal kingdom. By many writers it was formerly included in the Radiata. [Written also Echinoderma .]

<page="469"> Page 469

&hand; The species usually have an exterior calcareous skeleton, or shell, made of many pieces, and often covered with spines, to which the name. They may be star-shaped, cylindrical, disk-shaped, or more or less spherical. The body consists of several similar parts ( spheromeres ) repeated symmetrically around a central axis, at one end of which the mouth is situated. They generally have suckers for locomotion. The group includes the following classes: Crinoidea, Asterioidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea, and Holothurioidea. See these words in the Vocabulary, and also Ambulacrum .

Echinodermatous <Xpage=469>

E*chi`no*der"ma*tous (?) , a. (Zo\'94l.) Relating to Echinodermata; echinodermal.

Echinoid <Xpage=469>

E*chi"noid (?) , a. [ Echinus + -oid .] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Echinoidea. -- n. One of the Echinoidea.

Echinoidea <Xpage=469>

Ech`i*noi"de*a (?) , n. pl. [NL. See Echinus , and -oid .] (Zo\'94l.) The class Echinodermata which includes the sea urchins. They have a calcareous, usually more or less spheroidal or disk-shaped, composed of many united plates, and covered with movable spines. See Spatangoid , Clypeastroid . [Written also Echinidea , and Echinoida .]

Echinozoa <Xpage=469>

E*chi`no*zo"a (?) , n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ an echinus + <?/ an animal.] (Zo\'94l.) The Echinodermata.

Echinulate <Xpage=469>

E*chin"u*late (?) , a. (Bot. & Zo\'94l.) Set with small spines or prickles.

Echinus <Xpage=469>

E*chi"nus (?) , n. ; pl. Echini (#) . [L., a hedgehog, sea urchin, Gr. <?/.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) A hedgehog.

2. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of echinoderms, including the common edible sea urchin of Europe.

3. (Arch.) (a) The rounded molding forming the bell of the capital of the Grecian Doric style, which is of a peculiar elastic curve. See Entablature . (b) The quarter-round molding (ovolo) of the Roman Doric style. See Illust . of Column (c) A name sometimes given to the egg and anchor or egg and dart molding, because that ornament is often identified with Roman Doric capital. The name probably alludes to the shape of the shell of the sea urchin.

Echiuroidea <Xpage=469>

Ech`i*u*roi"de*a (?) , n. pl. [NL., fr. echiurus , the name of one genus (Gr. <?/ an adder + <?/ tail) + -oid .] (Zo\'94l.) A division of Annelida which includes the genus Echiurus and allies. They are often classed among the Gephyrea, and called the armed Gephyreans .

Echo <Xpage=469>

Ech"o (?) , n. ; pl. Echoes (#) . [L. echo , Gr. <?/ echo, sound, akin to <?/, <?/, sound, noise; cf. Skr. v\'be<?/ to sound, bellow; perh. akin to E. voice : cf. F. \'82cho .]

1. A sound reflected from an opposing surface and repeated to the ear of a listener; repercussion of sound; repetition of a sound.

The babbling echo mocks the hounds. Shak.

The woods shall answer, and the echo ring. Pope.

2. Fig.: Sympathetic recognition; response; answer.

Fame is the echo of actions, resounding them. Fuller.

Many kind, and sincere speeches found an echo in his heart. R. L. Stevenson.

3. (a) (Myth. & Poetic) A wood or mountain nymph, regarded as repeating, and causing the reverberation of them.

Sweet Echo , sweetest nymph, that liv'st unseen Within thy airy shell. Milton.

(b) (Gr. Myth.) A nymph, the daughter of Air and Earth, who, for love of Narcissus, pined away until nothing was left of her but her voice .

Compelled me to awake the courteous Echo To give me answer from her mossy couch. Milton.

Echo organ (Mus.) , a set organ pipes inclosed in a box so as to produce a soft, distant effect; -- generally superseded by the swell. -- Echo stop (Mus.) , a stop upon a harpsichord contrived for producing the soft effect of distant sound. -- To applaud to the echo , to give loud and continuous applause.

M. Arnold.

I would applaud thee to the very echo , That should applaud again. Shak.

Echo <Xpage=469>

Ech"o , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Echoed (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Echoing . -- 3d pers. sing. pres. Echoes (<?/) .]

1. To send back (a sound); to repeat in sound; to reverberate.

Those peals are echoed by the Trojan throng. Dryden.

The wondrous sound Is echoed on forever. Keble.

2. To repeat with assent; to respond; to adopt.

They would have echoed the praises of the men whom they <?/nvied, and then have sent to the newspaper anonymous libels upon them. Macaulay.

Echo <Xpage=469>

Ech"o , v. i. To give an echo; to resound; to be sounded back; as, the hall echoed with acclamations . " Echoing noise."

Blackmore.

Echoer <Xpage=469>

Ech"o*er (?) , n. One who, or that which, echoes.

Echoless <Xpage=469>

Ech"o*less , a. Without echo or response.

Echometer <Xpage=469>

E*chom"e*ter (?) , n. [Gr. <?/, <?/, sound + -meter : cf. F. \'82chom\'8atre .] (Mus) A graduated scale for measuring the duration of sounds, and determining their different, and the relation of their intervals.

J. J. Rousseau.

Echometry <Xpage=469>

E*chom"e*try (?) , n. [Cf. F. \'82chom\'82trie .]

1. The art of measuring the duration of sounds or echoes.

2. The art of constructing vaults to produce echoes.

Echon, Echoon <Xpage=469>

Ech*on" (?) , Ech*oon" (?) , pron. Each one. [Obs.]

Chaucer.

Echoscope <Xpage=469>

Ech"o*scope (?) , n. [Gr. <?/, <?/, sound + -scope .] (Med.) An instrument for intensifying sounds produced by percussion of the thorax.

Knight.

</clair <Xpage=469>

<?/`clair" (?) , n. [F.] (Cookery) A kind of frosted cake, containing flavored cream.

Eclaircise <Xpage=469>

E*clair"cise (?) , v. t. [F. \'82claircir ; pref. es- (L. ex ) + clair clear, L. clarus .] To make clear; to clear up what is obscure or not understood; to explain.

Eclaircissement <Xpage=469>

E*clair"cisse*ment (?) , n. [F., fr. \'82claircir . See Eclaircise , v. t. ] The clearing up of anything which is obscure or not easily understood; an explanation.

The eclaircissement ended in the discovery of the informer. Clarendon.

Eclampsia <Xpage=469>

Ec*lamp"si*a (?) , n. [NL., from Gr. <?/ a shining forth, fr. <?/ to shine forth; <?/ out + <?/ to shine.] (Med.) A fancied perception of flashes of light, a symptom of epilepsy; hence, epilepsy itself; convulsions.

&hand; The term is generally restricted to a convulsive affection attending pregnancy and parturition, and to infantile convulsions.

Eclampsy <Xpage=469>

Ec*lamp"sy (?) , n. (Med.) Same as Eclampsia .

Eclat <Xpage=469>

E*clat" (?) , n. [F. \'82clat a fragment, splinter, explosion, brilliancy, splendor, fr. \'82clater to splinter, burst, explode, shine brilliantly, prob. of German origin; cf. OHG. sleizan to slit, split, fr. sl\'c6zan , G. schleissen ; akin to E. slit .]

1. Brilliancy of success or effort; splendor; brilliant show; striking effect; glory; renown. "The eclat of Homer's battles."

Pope.

2. Demonstration of admiration and approbation; applause.

Prescott.

Eclectic <Xpage=469>

Ec*lec"tic (?) , a. [Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to pick out, choose out: cf. F. \'82clectique . See Eclogue , and cf. Elect .]

1. Selecting; choosing (what is true or excellent in doctrines, opinions, etc.) from various sources or systems; as, an eclectic philosopher .

2. Consisting, or made up, of what is chosen or selected; as, an eclectic method; an eclectic magazine.

Eclectic physician , one of a class of practitioners of medicine, who select their modes of practice and medicines from all schools; formerly, sometimes the same as botanic physician . [U.S.] -- Eclectic school . (Paint.) See Bolognese school , under Bolognese .

Eclectic <Xpage=469>

Ec*lec"tic (?) , n. One who follows an eclectic method.

Eclectically <Xpage=469>

Ec*lec"tic*al*ly (?) , adv. In an eclectic manner; by an eclectic method.

Eclecticism <Xpage=469>

Ec*lec"ti*cism (?) , n. [Cf. F. \'82clecticisme . Cf. Electicism .] Theory or practice of an eclectic.

Eclegm <Xpage=469>

Ec*legm" (?) , n. [F. \'82clegme , L. ecligma , fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to lick up.] (Med.) A medicine made by mixing oils with sirups.

John Quincy.

Eclipse <Xpage=469>

E*clipse" (?) , n. [F. \'82clipse , L. eclipsis , fr. Gr. <?/, prop., a forsaking, failing, fr. <?/ to leave out, forsake; <?/ out + <?/ to leave. See Ex- , and Loan .]

1. (Astron.) An interception or obscuration of the light of the sun, moon, or other luminous body, by the intervention of some other body, either between it and the eye, or between the luminous body and that illuminated by it. A lunar eclipse is caused by the moon passing through the earth's shadow; a solar eclipse, by the moon coming between the sun and the observer. A satellite is eclipsed by entering the shadow of its primary. The obscuration of a planet or star by the moon or a planet, though of the nature of an eclipse, is called an occultation . The eclipse of a small portion of the sun by Mercury or Venus is called a transit of the planet.

&hand; In ancient times, eclipses were, and among unenlightened people they still are, superstitiously regarded as forerunners of evil fortune, a sentiment of which occasional use is made in literature.

That fatal and perfidious bark, Built in the eclipse , and rigged with curses dark. Milton.

2. The loss, usually temporary or partial, of light, brilliancy, luster, honor, consciousness, etc.; obscuration; gloom; darkness.

All the posterity of our fist parents suffered a perpetual eclipse of spiritual life. Sir W. Raleigh.

As in the soft and sweet eclipse , When soul meets soul on lovers' lips. Shelley.

Annular eclipse . (Astron.) See under Annular . -- Cycle of eclipses . See under Cycle .

Eclipse <Xpage=469>

E*clipse" , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Eclipsed (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Eclipsing .]

1. To cause the obscuration of; to darken or hide; -- said of a heavenly body; as, the moon eclipses the sun .

2. To obscure, darken, or extinguish the beauty, luster, honor, etc., of; to sully; to cloud; to throw into the shade by surpassing. "His eclipsed state."

Dryden.

My joy of liberty is half eclipsed . Shak.

Eclipse <Xpage=469>

E*clipse" , v. i. To suffer an eclipse.

While the laboring moon Eclipses at their charms. Milton.

Ecliptic <Xpage=469>

E*clip"tic (?) , n. [Cf. F. \'82cliptique , L. linea ecliptica , Gr. <?/, prop. adj., of an eclipse, because in this circle eclipses of the sun and moon take place. See Ecliptic , a. ]

1. (Astron.) A great circle of the celestial sphere, making an angle with the equinoctial of about 23&deg; 28\'b7. It is the apparent path of the sun, or the real path of the earth as seen from the sun.

2. (Geog.) A great circle drawn on a terrestrial globe, making an angle of 23&deg; 28\'b7 with the equator; -- used for illustrating and solving astronomical problems.

Ecliptic <Xpage=469>