Chapter 488

Duplex escapement , a peculiar kind of watch escapement, in which the scape-wheel has two sets of teeth. See Escapement . -- Duplex lathe , one for turning off, screwing, and surfacing, by means of two cutting tools, on opposite sides of the piece operated upon. -- Duplex pumping engine , a steam pump in which two steam cylinders are placed side by side, one operating the valves of the other. -- Duplex querela [L., double complaint] (Eccl. Law) , a complaint in the nature of an appeal from the ordinary to his immediate superior, as from a bishop to an archbishop. Mozley & W. -- Duplex telegraphy , a system of telegraphy for sending two messages over the same wire simultaneously. -- Duplex watch , one with a duplex escapement.

Duplicate <Xpage=461>

Du"pli*cate (?) , a. [L. duplicatus , p. p. of duplicare to double, fr. duplex double, twofold. See Duplex .] Double; twofold.

Duplicate proportion &or; ratio (Math.) , the proportion or ratio of squares. Thus, in geometrical proportion, the first term to the third is said to be in a duplicate ratio of the first to the second, or as its square is to the square of the second. Thus, in 2, 4, 8, 16, the ratio of 2 to 8 is a duplicate of that of 2 to 4, or as the square of 2 is to the square of 4.

Duplicate <Xpage=461>

Du"pli*cate , n.

1. That which exactly resembles or corresponds to something else; another, correspondent to the first; hence, a copy; a transcript; a counterpart.

I send a duplicate both of it and my last dispatch. Sir W. Temple.

2. (Law) An original instrument repeated; a document which is the same as another in all essential particulars, and differing from a mere copy in having all the validity of an original.

Burrill.

Duplicate <Xpage=461>

Du"pli*cate (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Duplicated (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Duplicating .]

1. To double; to fold; to render double.

2. To make a duplicate of (something); to make a copy or transcript of.

Glanvill.

3. (Biol.) To divide into two by natural growth or spontaneous action; as, infusoria duplicate themselves .

Duplication <Xpage=461>

Du`pli*ca"tion (?) , n. [L. duplicatio : cf. F. duplication .]

1. The act of duplicating, or the state of being duplicated; a doubling; a folding over; a fold.

2. (Biol.) The act or process of dividing by natural growth or spontaneous action; as, the duplication of cartilage cells .

Carpenter.

Duplication of the cube (Math.) , the operation of finding a cube having a volume which is double that of a given cube.

Duplicative <Xpage=461>

Du"pli*ca*tive (?) , a.

1. Having the quality of duplicating or doubling.

2. (Biol.) Having the quality of subdividing into two by natural growth. " Duplicative subdivision."

Carpenter.

Duplicature <Xpage=461>

Du"pli*ca*ture (?) , n. [Cf. F. duplicature .] A doubling; a fold, as of a membrane.

Duplicity <Xpage=461>

Du*plic"i*ty (?) , n. ; pl. Duplicities (#) . [F. duplicit\'82 , L. duplicitas , fr. duplex double. See Duplex .]

1. Doubleness; a twofold state. [Archaic]

Do not affect duplicities nor triplicities, nor any certain number of parts in your division of things. I. Watts.

2. Doubleness of heart or speech; insincerity; a sustained form of deception which consists in entertaining or pretending to entertain one of feelings, and acting as if influenced by another; bad faith.

Far from the duplicity wickedly charged on him, he acted his part with alacrity and resolution. Burke.

<page="462"> Page 462

3. (Law) (a) The use of two or more distinct allegations or answers, where one is sufficient. Blackstone . (b) In indictments, the union of two incompatible offenses.

Wharton.

Syn. -- Double dealing; dissimulation; deceit; guile; deception; falsehood.

Dupper <Xpage=462>

Dup"per (?) , n. See 2d Dubber .

Dur <Xpage=462>

Dur (?) , a. [G., fr. L. durus hard, firm, vigorous.] (Mus.) Major; in the major mode; as, C dur , that is, C major .

Dura <Xpage=462>

Du"ra (?) , n. Short form for Dura mater .

Durability <Xpage=462>

Du`ra*bil"i*ty , n. [L. durabilitas .] The state or quality of being durable; the power of uninterrupted or long continuance in any condition; the power of resisting agents or influences which tend to cause changes, decay, or dissolution; lastingness.

A Gothic cathedral raises ideas of grandeur in our minds by the size, its height, . . . its antiquity, and its durability . Blair.

Durable <Xpage=462>

Du"ra*ble (?) , a. [L. durabilis , fr. durare to last: cf. F. durable . See Dure .] Able to endure or continue in a particular condition; lasting; not perishable or changeable; not wearing out or decaying soon; enduring; as, durable cloth; durable happiness.

Riches and honor are with me; yea, durable riches and righteousness. Prov. viii. 18.

An interest which from its object and grounds must be so durable . De Quincey.

Syn. -- Lasting; permanent; enduring; firm; stable; continuing; constant; persistent. See Lasting .

Durableness <Xpage=462>

Du"ra*ble*ness , n. Power of lasting, enduring, or resisting; durability.

The durableness of the metal that supports it. Addison.

Durably <Xpage=462>

Du"ra*bly , adv. In a lasting manner; with long continuance.

Dural <Xpage=462>

Du"ral (?) , a. (Anat.) Pertaining to the dura, or dura mater.

Dura mater <Xpage=462>

Du"ra ma"ter (?) . [L., lit., hard mother. The membrane was called mater , or mother, because it was formerly thought to give rise to every membrane of the body.] (Anat.) The tough, fibrous membrane, which lines the cavity of the skull and spinal column, and surrounds the brain and spinal cord; -- frequently abbreviated to dura .

Duramen <Xpage=462>

Du*ra"men (?) , n. [L., hardness, a hardened, i. e. , ligneous, vine branch, fr. durare to harden. See Dure .] (Bot.) The heartwood of an exogenous tree.

Durance <Xpage=462>

Dur"ance (?) , n. [OF. durance duration, fr. L. durans , -antis , p. pr. durare to endure, last. See Dure , and cf. Durant .]

1. Continuance; duration. See Endurance . [Archaic]

Of how short durance was this new-made state! Dryden.

2. Imprisonment; restraint of the person; custody by a jailer; duress. Shak . " Durance vile."

Burns.

In durance , exile, Bedlam or the mint. Pope.

3. (a) A stout cloth stuff, formerly made in imitation of buff leather and used for garments; a sort of tammy or everlasting.

Where didst thou buy this buff? let me not live but I will give thee a good suit of durance . J. Webster.

(b) In modern manufacture, a worsted of one color used for window blinds and similar purposes .

Durancy <Xpage=462>

Dur"an*cy (?) , n. Duration. [Obs.]

Dr. H. More.

Durant <Xpage=462>

Dur"ant (?) , n. [F. durant , p. pr. of durer to last. Cf. Durance .] See Durance , 3.

Durante <Xpage=462>

Du*ran"te (?) , prep. [L., abl. case of the p. pr. of durare to last.] (Law) During; as, durante vita , during life; durante bene placito , during pleasure.

Duration <Xpage=462>

Du*ra"tion (?) , n. [OF. duration . See Dure .] The state or quality of lasting; continuance in time; the portion of time during which anything exists.

It was proposed that the duration of Parliament should be limited. Macaulay.

Soon shall have passed our own human duration . D. Webster.

Durative <Xpage=462>

Dur"a*tive (?) , a. Continuing; not completed; implying duration.

Its durative tense, which expresses the thought of it as going on. J. Byrne.

Durbar <Xpage=462>

Dur"bar (?) , n. [Hind. darb\'ber , fr. Per dar<?/\'ber house, court, hall of audience; dar door, gate + b\'ber court, assembly.] An audience hall; the court of a native prince; a state levee; a formal reception of native princes, given by the governor general of India. [India] [Written also darbar .]

Dure <Xpage=462>

Dure (?) , a. [L. durus ; akin to Ir. & Gael. dur <?/ , stubborn, W. dir certain, sure, cf. Gr. <?/ force.] Hard; harsh; severe; rough; toilsome. [R.]

The winter is severe, and life is dure and rude. W. H. Russell.

Dure <Xpage=462>

Dure , v. i. [F. durer , L. durare to harden, be hardened, to endure, last, fr. durus hard. See Dure , a. ] To last; to continue; to endure. [Obs.]

Sir W. Raleigh.

Yet hath he not root in himself, but dureth for a while. Matt. xiii. 21.

Dureful <Xpage=462>

Dure"ful (?) , a. Lasting. [Obs.]

Spenser.

Dureless <Xpage=462>

Dure"less , a. Not lasting. [Obs.]

Sir W. Raleigh.

Durene <Xpage=462>

Du"rene (?) , n. [L. durus hard; -- so called because solid at ordinary temperatures.] (Chem.) A colorless, crystalline, aromatic hydrocarbon, C6H2(CH3)4 , off artificial production, with an odor like camphor.

Duress <Xpage=462>

Du"ress (?) , n. [OF. duresse , du<?/ , hardship, severity, L. duritia , durities , fr. durus hard. See Dure .]

1. Hardship; constraint; pressure; imprisonment; restraint of liberty.

The agreements . . . made with the landlords during the time of slavery, are only the effect of duress and force. Burke.

2. (Law) The state of compulsion or necessity in which a person is influenced, whether by the unlawful restrain of his liberty or by actual or threatened physical violence, to incur a civil liability or to commit an offense.

Duress <Xpage=462>

Du*ress" (?) , v. t. To subject to duress. "The party duressed ."

Bacon.

Duressor <Xpage=462>

Du*ress"or (?) , n. (Law) One who subjects another to duress

Bacon.

Durga <Xpage=462>

Dur"ga (?) , n. (Myth.) Same as Doorga .

Durham <Xpage=462>

Dur"ham (?) , n. One or a breed of short-horned cattle, originating in the county of Durham, England. The Durham cattle are noted for their beef-producing quality.

Durian, &or; Durion <Xpage=462>

Du"ri*an (?) , &or; Du"ri*on (?) , n. (Bot.) The fruit of the durio. It is oval or globular, and eight or ten inches long. It has a hard prickly rind, containing a soft, cream-colored pulp, of a most delicious flavor and a very offensive odor. The seeds are roasted and eaten like chestnuts.

During <Xpage=462>

Dur"ing (?) , prep. [Orig., p. pr. of dure .] In the time of; as long as the action or existence of; as, during life; during the space of a year.

Durio <Xpage=462>

Du"ri*o (?) , n. [NL., fr. Malay d<?/ri thorn.] (Bot.) A fruit tree ( D. zibethinus , the only species known) of the Indian Archipelago. It bears the durian.

Durity <Xpage=462>

Du"ri*ty (?) , n. [L. duritas , fr. durus hard.] [Obs.]

1. Hardness; firmness.

Sir T. Browne.

2. Harshness; cruelty.

Cockeram.

Durometer <Xpage=462>

Du*rom"e*ter (?) , n. [L. durus hard + -meter .] An instrument for measuring the degree of hardness; especially, an instrument for testing the relative hardness of steel rails and the like.

Durous <Xpage=462>

Du"rous (?) , a. [L. durus .] Hard. [Obs. & R.]

Durra <Xpage=462>

Dur"ra (?) , n. [Ar. dhorra .] (Bot.) A kind of millet, cultivated throughout Asia, and introduced into the south of Europe; a variety of Sorghum vulgare ; -- called also Indian millet , and Guinea corn . [Written also dhoorra , dhurra , doura , etc.]

Durst <Xpage=462>

Durst (?) , imp. of Dare . See Dare , v. i.

Durukuli <Xpage=462>

Du`ru*ku"li (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) A small, nocturnal, South American monkey ( Nyctipthecus trivirgatus ). [Written also douroucouli .]

Durylic <Xpage=462>

Du*ryl"ic (?) , a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, allied to, or derived from, durene; as, durylic acid .

Duse <Xpage=462>

Duse (?) , n. A demon or spirit. See Deuce .

Dusk <Xpage=462>

Dusk (?) , a. [OE. dusc , dosc , deosc ; cf. dial. Sw. duska to drizzle, dusk a slight shower. <?/<?/<?/.] Tending to darkness or blackness; moderately dark or black; dusky.

A pathless desert, dusk with horrid shades. Milton.

Dusk <Xpage=462>

Dusk , n.

1. Imperfect obscurity; a middle degree between light and darkness; twilight; as, the dusk of the evening .

2. A darkish color.

Whose duck set off the whiteness of the skin. Dryden.

Dusk <Xpage=462>

Dusk , v. t. To make dusk. [Archaic]

After the sun is up, that shadow which dusketh the light of the moon must needs be under the earth.

Holland.

Dusk <Xpage=462>

Dusk , v. i. To grow dusk. [R.]

Chaucer.

Dusken <Xpage=462>

Dusk"en (?) , v. t. To make dusk or obscure. [R.]

Not utterly defaced, but only duskened . Nicolls.

Duskily <Xpage=462>

Dusk"i*ly (?) , adv. In a dusky manner.

Byron.

Duskiness <Xpage=462>

Dusk"i*ness , n. The state of being dusky.

Duskish <Xpage=462>

Dusk"ish , a. Somewhat dusky. " Duskish smoke." Spenser . -- Dusk"ish*ly , adv. -- Dusk"ish*ness , n.

Duskness <Xpage=462>

Dusk"ness , n. Duskiness. [R.]

Sir T. Elyot.

Dusky <Xpage=462>

Dusk"y (?) , a.

1. Partially dark or obscure; not luminous; dusk; as, a dusky valley .

Through dusky lane and wrangling mart. Keble.

2. Tending to blackness in color; partially black; dark-colored; not bright; as, a dusky brown .

Bacon.

When Jove in dusky clouds involves the sky. Dryden.

The figure of that first ancestor invested by family tradition with a dim and dusky grandeur. Hawthorne.

3. Gloomy; sad; melancholy.

This dusky scene of horror, this melancholy prospect. Bentley.

4. Intellectually clouded.

Though dusky wits dare scorn astrology. Sir P. Sidney.

Dust <Xpage=462>

Dust (?) , n. [AS. dust ; cf. LG. dust , D. duist meal dust, OD. doest , donst , and G. dunst vapor, OHG. tunist , dunist , a blowing, wind, Icel. dust dust, Dan. dyst mill dust; perh. akin to L. fumus smoke, E. fume . <?/ .]

1. Fine, dry particles of earth or other matter, so comminuted that they may be raised and wafted by the wind; that which is crumbled too minute portions; fine powder; as, clouds of dust ; bone dust .

Dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou return. Gen. iii. 19.

Stop! -- for thy tread is on an empire's dust . Byron.

2. A single particle of earth or other matter. [R.] "To touch a dust of England's ground."

Shak.

3. The earth, as the resting place of the dead.

For now shall sleep in the dust . Job vii. 21.

4. The earthy remains of bodies once alive; the remains of the human body.

And you may carve a shrine about my dust . Tennyson.

5. Figuratively, a worthless thing.

And by the merit of vile gold, dross, dust . Shak.

6. Figuratively, a low or mean condition.

[God] raiseth up the poor out of the dust . 1 Sam. ii. 8.

7. Gold dust ; hence: ( Slang ) Coined money; cash.

Down with the dust , deposit the cash; pay down the money. [Slang] "My lord, quoth the king, presently deposit your hundred pounds in gold, or else no going hence all the days of your life. . . . The Abbot down with his dust , and glad he escaped so, returned to Reading." Fuller . -- Dust brand (Bot.) , a fungous plant ( Ustilago Carbo ); -- called also smut . -- Gold dust , fine particles of gold, such as are obtained in placer mining; -- often used as money, being transferred by weight. -- In dust and ashes . See under Ashes . -- To bite the dust . See under Bite , v. t. -- To raise, &or; kick up, dust , to make a commotion. [Colloq.] -- To throw dust in one's eyes , to mislead; to deceive. [Colloq.]

Dust <Xpage=462>

Dust (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Dusted ; p. pr. & vb. n. Dusting .]

1. To free from dust; to brush, wipe, or sweep away dust from; as, to dust a table or a floor .

2. To sprinkle with dust.

3. To reduce to a fine powder; to levigate.

Sprat.

To dyst one's jacket , to give one a flogging. [Slang.]

Dustbrush <Xpage=462>

Dust"brush` (?) , n. A brush of feathers, bristles, or hair, for removing dust from furniture.

Duster <Xpage=462>

Dust"er (?) , n.

1. One who, or that which, dusts; a utensil that frees from dust . Specifically: (a) (Paper Making) A revolving wire-cloth cylinder which removes the dust from rags, etc. (b) (Milling) A blowing machine for separating the flour from the bran.

2. A light over-garment, worn in traveling to protect the clothing from dust. [U.S.]

Dustiness <Xpage=462>

Dust"i*ness (?) , n. The state of being dusty.

Dustless <Xpage=462>

Dust"less , a. Without dust; as a dustless path.

Dustman <Xpage=462>

Dust"man (?) , p. ; pl. Dustmen (<?/) . One whose employment is to remove dirt and defuse.

Gay.

Dustpan <Xpage=462>

Dust"pan (?) , n. A shovel-like utensil for conveying away dust brushed from the floor.

Dust-point <Xpage=462>

Dust"-point` (?) , n. An old rural game.