Chapter 487

3. An imitation or copy of something, to be used as a substitute; a model; a lay figure; as, a figure on which clothing is exhibited in shop windows; a blank paper copy used to show the size of the future book, etc.

4. (Drama) One who plays a merely nominal part in any action; a sham character.

5. A thick-witted person; a dolt. [Colloq.]

6. (Railroad) A locomotive with condensing engines, and, hence, without the noise of escaping steam; also, a dummy car.

7. (Card Playing) The fourth or exposed hand when three persons play at a four-handed game of cards.

8. A floating barge connected with a pier.

Knight.

To play dummy , to play the exposed or dummy hand in cards. The partner of the dummy plays it.

Dumose, Dumous <Xpage=460>

Du`mose" (?) , Du"mous (?) , a. [L. dumosus , fr. dumus a thornbush, a bramble.]

1. Abounding with bushes and briers.

2. (Bot.) Having a compact, bushy form.

Dump <Xpage=460>

Dump (?) , n. [See Dumpling .] A thick, ill-shapen piece; a clumsy leaden counter used by boys in playing chuck farthing. [Eng.]

Smart.

Dump <Xpage=460>

Dump , n. [Cf. dial. Sw. dumpin melancholy, Dan. dump dull, low, D. dompig damp, G. dumpf damp, dull, gloomy, and E. damp , or rather perh. dump , v. t. Cf. Damp , or Dump , v. t. ]

1. A dull, gloomy state of the mind; sadness; melancholy; low spirits; despondency; ill humor; -- now used only in the plural.

March slowly on in solemn dump . Hudibras.

Doleful dumps the mind oppress. Shak.

I was musing in the midst of my dumps . Bunyan.

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&hand; The ludicrous associations now attached to this word did not originally belong to it. "Holland's translation of Livy represents the Romans as being `in the dumps' after the battle of Cann\'91."

Trench.

2. Absence of mind; revery.

Locke.

3. A melancholy strain or tune in music; any tune. [Obs.] "Tune a deploring dump ." "Play me some merry dump ."

Shak.

4. An old kind of dance. [Obs.]

Nares.

Dump <Xpage=461>

Dump (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Dumped (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Dumping .] [OE. dumpen to throw down, fall down, cf. Icel. dumpa to thump, Dan. dumpe to fall suddenly, rush, dial. Sw. dimpa to fall down plump. Cf. Dump sadness.]

1. To knock heavily; to stump. [Prov. Eng.]

Halliwell.

2. To put or throw down with more or less of violence; hence, to unload from a cart by tilting it; as, to dump sand, coal, etc. [U.S.]

Bartlett.

Dumping car &or; cart , a railway car, or a cart, the body of which can be tilted to empty the contents; -- called also dump car , or dump cart .

Dump <Xpage=461>

Dump , n.

1. A car or boat for dumping refuse, etc.

2. A ground or place for dumping ashes, refuse, etc.

3. That which is dumped.

4. (Mining) A pile of ore or rock.

Dumpage <Xpage=461>

Dump"age (?) , n.

1. The act of dumping loads from carts, especially loads of refuse matter; also, a heap of dumped matter.

2. A fee paid for the privilege of dumping loads.

Dumpiness <Xpage=461>

Dump"i*ness (?) , n. The state of being dumpy.

Dumpish <Xpage=461>

Dump"ish , a. Dull; stupid; sad; moping; melancholy. " A . . . dumpish and sour life."

Lord Herbert.

-- Dump"ish*ly , adv. -- Dump"ish*ness , n.

Dumple <Xpage=461>

Dum"ple (?) , v. t. [See Dumpling .] To make dumpy; to fold, or bend, as one part over another. [R.]

He was a little man, dumpled up together. Sir W. Scott.

Dumpling <Xpage=461>

Dump"ling (?) , n. [Dimin. of dump an illshapen piece; cf. D. dompelen to plunge, dip, duck, Scot. to dump in to plunge into, and E. dump , v. t.] A roundish mass of dough boiled in soup, or as a sort of pudding; often, a cover of paste inclosing an apple or other fruit, and boiled or baked; as, an apple dumpling .

Dumpy <Xpage=461>

Dump"y (?) , a. [ Compar. Dumpier (?) ; superl. Dumpiest .] [ 1. From Dump a short ill-shapen piece. 2. From Dump sadness.]

1. Short and thick; of low stature and disproportionately stout.

2. Sullen or discontented. [Prov. Eng.]

Halliwell.

Dun <Xpage=461>

Dun (?) , n. [See Dune .] A mound or small hill.

Dun <Xpage=461>

Dun , v. t. To cure, as codfish, in a particular manner, by laying them, after salting, in a pile in a dark place, covered with salt grass or some like substance.

Dun <Xpage=461>

Dun (?) , v. t. & i. [ imp. & p. p. Dunned (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Dunning (?) .] [AS. dyne noise, dynian to make a noise, or fr. Icel. dynr , duna , noise, thunder, duna to thunder; the same word as E. din . <?/<?/<?/. See Din .] To ask or beset, as a debtor, for payment; to urge importunately.

Hath she sent so soon to dun ? Swift.

Dun <Xpage=461>

Dun , n. 1. One who duns; a dunner.

To be pulled by the sleeve by some rascally dun . Arbuthnot.

2. An urgent request or demand of payment; as, he sent his debtor a dun .

Dun <Xpage=461>

Dun , a. [AS. dunn . of Celtic origin; cf. W. dwn , Ir. & Gael. donn .] Of a dark color; of a color partaking of a brown and black; of a dull brown color; swarthy.

Summer's dun cloud comes thundering up. Pierpont.

Chill and dun Falls on the moor the brief November day. Keble.

Dun crow (Zo\'94l.) , the hooded crow; -- so called from its color; -- also called hoody , and hoddy . -- Dun diver (Zo\'94l.) , the goosander or merganser.

Dunbird <Xpage=461>

Dun"bird` (?) , n. [Named from its color.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) The pochard; -- called also dunair , and dunker , or dun-curre . (b) An American duck; the ruddy duck.

Dunce <Xpage=461>

Dunce (?) , n. [From Joannes Duns Scotus, a schoolman called the Subtle Doctor , who died in 1308. Originally in the phrase "a Duns man". See Note below.] One backward in book learning; a child or other person dull or weak in intellect; a dullard; a dolt.

I never knew this town without dunces of figure. Swift.

&hand; The schoolmen were often called, after their great leader Duns Scotus, Dunsmen or Duncemen . In the revival of learning they were violently opposed to classical studies; hence, the name of Dunce was applied with scorn and contempt to an opposer of learning, or to one slow at learning, a dullard.

Duncedom <Xpage=461>

Dunce"dom (?) , n. The realm or domain of dunces. [Jocose]

Carlyle.

Duncery <Xpage=461>

Dun"cer*y (?) , n. Dullness; stupidity.

Duncical <Xpage=461>

Dun"ci*cal (?) , a. Like a dunce; duncish.

The most dull and duncical commissioner. Fuller.

Duncify <Xpage=461>

Dun"ci*fy (?) , v. t. [ Dunce + -fy .] To make stupid in intellect. [R.]

Bp. Warburton.

Duncish <Xpage=461>

Dun"cish (?) , a. Somewhat like a dunce. [R.]

-- Dun"cish*ness , n. [R.]

Dunder <Xpage=461>

Dun"der (?) , n. [Cf. Sp. redundar to overflow.] The lees or dregs of cane juice, used in the distillation of rum. [West Indies]

The use of dunder in the making of rum answers the purpose of yeast in the fermentation of flour. B. Edwards.

Dunderhead <Xpage=461>

Dun"der*head` (?) , n. [Prov. Eng. also dunderpoll , from dunder , same as thunder .] A dunce; a numskull; a blockhead.

Beau. & Fl.

Dunder-headed <Xpage=461>

Dun"der-head`ed , a. Thick-headed; stupid.

Dunderpate <Xpage=461>

Dun"der*pate` (?) , n. See Dunderhead .

Dune <Xpage=461>

Dune (?) , n. [The same word as down : cf. D. duin . See Down a bank of sand.] A low hill of drifting sand usually formed on the coats, but often carried far inland by the prevailing winds. [Written also dun .]

Three great rivers, the Rhine, the Meuse, and the Scheldt, had deposited their slime for ages among the dunes or sand banks heaved up by the ocean around their mouths. Motley.

Dunfish <Xpage=461>

Dun"fish (?) , n. Codfish cured in a particular manner, so as to be of a superior quality.

Dung <Xpage=461>

Dung (?) , n. [AS. dung ; akin to G. dung , d\'81nger , OHG. tunga , Sw. dynga ; cf. Icel. dyngja heap, Dan. dynge , MHG. tunc underground dwelling place, orig., covered with dung. Cf. Dingy .] The excrement of an animal.

Bacon.

Dung <Xpage=461>

Dung , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Dunged (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Dunging .]

1. To manure with dung.

Dryden.

2. (Calico Print.) To immerse or steep, as calico, in a bath of hot water containing cow dung; -- done to remove the superfluous mordant.

Dung <Xpage=461>

Dung , v. i. To void excrement.

Swift.

Dungaree <Xpage=461>

Dun`ga*ree" (?) , n. A coarse kind of unbleached cotton stuff. [Written also dungari .] [India]

Dungeon <Xpage=461>

Dun"geon (?) , n. [OE. donjoun highest tower of a castle, tower, prison, F. donjon tower or platform in the midst of a castle, turret, or closet on the top of a house, a keep of a castle, LL. domnio , the same word as LL. dominus lord. See Dame , Don , and cf. Dominion , Domain , Demesne , Danger , Donjon .] A close, dark prison, common<?/, under ground, as if the lower apartments of the donjon or keep of a castle, these being used as prisons.

Down with him even into the deep dungeon . Tyndale.

Year after year he lay patiently in a dungeon . Macaulay.

Dungeon <Xpage=461>

Dun"geon , v. t. To shut up in a dungeon.

Bp. Hall.

Dungfork <Xpage=461>

Dung"fork` (?) , n. A fork for tossing dung.

Dunghill <Xpage=461>

Dung"hill` (?) , n.

1. A heap of dung.

2. Any mean situation or condition; a vile abode.

He . . . lifteth up the beggar from the dunghill . 1. Sam. ii. 8.

Dunghill fowl , a domestic fowl of common breed.

Dungmeer <Xpage=461>

Dung"meer` (?) , n. [ Dung + (prob.) meer a pool.] A pit where dung and weeds rot for manure.

Dungy <Xpage=461>

Dung"y (?) , a. Full of dung; filthy; vile; low.

Shak.

Dungyard <Xpage=461>

Dung"yard` (?) , n. A yard where dung is collected.

Dunker <Xpage=461>

Dun"ker (?) , n. [G. tunken to dip.] One of a religious denomination whose tenets and practices are mainly those of the Baptists, but partly those of the Quakers; -- called also Tunkers , Dunkards , Dippers , and, by themselves, Brethren , and German Baptists .

&hand; The denomination was founded in Germany in 1708, but after a few years the members emigrated to the United States.

Seventh-day Dunkers , a sect which separated from the Dunkers and formed a community, in 1728. They keep the seventh day or Saturday as the Sabbath.

Dunlin <Xpage=461>

Dun"lin (?) , n. [Prob. of Celtic origin; cf. Gael. dun hill (E. dune ), and linne pool, pond, lake, E. lin .] (Zo\'94l.) A species of sandpiper ( Tringa alpina ); -- called also churr , dorbie , grass bird , and red-backed sandpiper . It is found both in Europe and America.

Dunnage <Xpage=461>

Dun"nage (?) , n. [Cf. Dun a mound.] (Naut.) Fagots, boughs, or loose materials of any kind, laid on the bottom of the hold for the cargo to rest upon to prevent injury by water, or stowed among casks and other cargo to prevent their motion.

Dunner <Xpage=461>

Dun"ner (?) , n. [From Dun to ask payment from.] One employed in soliciting the payment of debts.

Dunnish <Xpage=461>

Dun"nish (?) , a. Inclined to a dun color.

Ray.

Dunnock <Xpage=461>

Dun"nock (?) , n. [Cf. Dun , a. ] (Zo\'94l.) The hedge sparrow or hedge accentor. [Local, Eng.]

Dunny <Xpage=461>

Dun"ny (?) , a. Deaf; stupid. [Prov. Eng.]

My old dame Joan is something dunny , and will scarce know how to manage. Sir W. Scott.

Dunt <Xpage=461>

Dunt (?) , n. [ Dint .] A blow. [Obs.]

R. of Glouc.

Dunted <Xpage=461>

Dunt"ed , a. Beaten; hence, blunted. [Obs.]

Fencer's swords . . . having the edge dunted . Fuller.

Dunter <Xpage=461>

Dun"ter (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) A porpoise. [Scott.]

Dunter goose (Zo\'94l.) the eider duck.

J. Brand.

Duo <Xpage=461>

Du"o (?) , n. [It. duo , fr. L. duo two. See Duet .] (Mus.) A composition for two performers; a duet.

Duodecahedral, a., Duodecahedron <Xpage=461>

Du`o*dec`a*he"dral (?) , a. , Du`o*dec`a*he"dron (<?/) , n. See Dodecahedral , and Dodecahedron .

Duodecennial <Xpage=461>

Du`o*de*cen"ni*al (?) , a. [L. duodecennis ; duodecim twelve + annus year.] Consisting of twelve years. [R.]

Ash.

Duodecimal <Xpage=461>

Du`o*dec"i*mal (?) , a. [L. duodecim twelve. See Dozen .] Proceeding in computation by twelves; expressed in the scale of twelves. -- Du`o*dec"i*mal*ly , adv.

Duodecimal <Xpage=461>

Du`o*dec"i*mal , n.

1. A twelfth part; as, the duodecimals of an inch .

2. pl. (Arch.) A system of numbers, whose denominations rise in a scale of twelves, as of feet and inches. The system is used chiefly by artificers in computing the superficial and solid contents of their work.

Duodecimfid <Xpage=461>

Du`o*dec"im*fid (?) , a. [L. duodecim twelve + findere to cleave.] Divided into twelve parts.

Duodecimo <Xpage=461>

Du`o*dec"i*mo (?) , a. [L. in duodecimo in twelfth, fr. duodecimus twelfth , fr . duodecim twelve. See Dozen .] Having twelve leaves to a sheet; as, a duodecimo from, book, leaf, size, etc.

Duodecimo <Xpage=461>

Du*o*dec"i*mo , n. ; pl. Duodecimos (<?/) . A book consisting of sheets each of which is folded into twelve leaves; hence, indicating, more or less definitely, a size of a book; -- usually written 12mo or 12&deg;.

Duodecuple <Xpage=461>

Du`o*dec"u*ple (?) , a. [L. duo two + <?/ decuple .] Consisting of twelves.

Arbuthnot.

Duodenal <Xpage=461>

Du`o*de"nal (?) , a. [Cf. F. duod\'82nal .] Of or pertaining to the duodenum; as, duodenal digestion .

Duodenary <Xpage=461>

Du`o*den"a*ry (?) , a. [L. duodenarius , fr. duodeni twelve each: cf. F. duod\'82naire .] Containing twelve; twelvefold; increasing by twelves; duodecimal.

Duodenum <Xpage=461>

Du`o*de"num (?) , n. [NL., fr. duodeni twelve each: cf. F. duodenum . So called because its length is about twelve fingers' breadth.] (Anat.) The part of the small intestines between the stomach and the jejunum. See Illust . of Digestive apparatus , under Digestive .

Duoliteral <Xpage=461>

Du`o*lit"er*al (?) , a. [L. duo two + E. literal .] Consisting of two letters only; biliteral.

Stuart.

Duomo <Xpage=461>

Duo"mo (?) , n. [It. See Done .] A cathedral. See Dome , 2.

Of tower or duomo , sunny sweet. Tennyson.

Dup <Xpage=461>

Dup (?) , v. t. [Contr. fr. do up , that is, to lift up the latch. Cf. Don , Doff .] To open; as, to dup the door . [Obs.]

Shak.

Dupable <Xpage=461>

Dup"a*ble (?) , a. Capable of being duped.

Dupe <Xpage=461>

Dupe (?) , n. [F., prob. from Prov. F. dupe , dube ; of unknown origin; equiv. to F. huppe hoopoe, a foolish bird, easily caught. Cf. Armor. houp\'82rik hoopoe, a man easily deceived. Cf. also Gull , Booby .] One who has been deceived or who is easily deceived; a gull; as, the dupe of a schemer .

Dupe <Xpage=461>

Dupe , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Duped (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Duping .] [Cf. F. duper , fr. dupe . See Dupe , n. ] To deceive; to trick; to mislead by imposing on one's credulity; to gull; as, dupe one by flattery .

Ne'er have I duped him with base counterfeits. Coleridge.

Duper <Xpage=461>

Dup"er (?) , n. One who dupes another.

Dupery <Xpage=461>

Dup"er*y (?) , n. [F. duperie , fr. duper .] The act or practice of duping. [R.]

Dupion <Xpage=461>

Du"pi*on (?) , n. [F. doupion , It. doppione , fr. doppio double, L. duplus . See Double , and cf. Doubloon .] A double cocoon, made by two silkworms.

Duple <Xpage=461>

Du"ple (?) , a. [L. duplus . See Double .] Double.

Duple ratio (Math.) , that in which the antecedent term is double the consequent, as of 2 to 1, 8 to 4, etc.

Duplex <Xpage=461>

Du"plex (?) , a. [L., fr. duo two + plicare to fold. See Two , and Complex .] Double; twofold.