Chapter 467

Doffer <Xpage=441>

Doff"er (?) , n. (Mach.) A revolving cylinder, or a vibrating bar with teeth, in a carding machine, which doffs, or strips off, the cotton from the cards.

Ure.

Dog <Xpage=441>

Dog (?) , n. [AS. docga ; akin to D. dog mastiff, Dan. dogge , Sw. dogg .]

1. (Zo\'94l.) A quadruped of the genus Canis , esp. the domestic dog ( C. familiaris ). The dog is distinguished above all others of the inferior animals for intelligence, docility, and attachment to man. There are numerous carefully bred varieties, as the beagle, bloodhound, bulldog, coachdog, collie, Danish dog, foxhound, greyhound, mastiff, pointer, poodle, St. Bernard, setter, spaniel, spitz dog, terrier, etc. There are also many mixed breeds, and partially domesticated varieties, as well as wild dogs, like the dingo and dhole. (See these names in the Vocabulary.)

2. A mean, worthless fellow; a wretch.

What is thy servant, which is but a dog , that he should do this great thing? 2 Kings viii. 13 (Rev. Ver. )

3. A fellow; -- used humorously or contemptuously; as, a sly dog ; a lazy dog . [Colloq.]

4. (Astron.) One of the two constellations, Canis Major and Canis Minor , or the Greater Dog and the Lesser Dog. Canis Major contains the Dog Star (Sirius).

5. An iron for holding wood in a fireplace; a firedog; an andiron.

6. (Mech.) (a) A grappling iron, with a claw or claws, for fastening into wood or other heavy articles, for the purpose of raising or moving them . (b) An iron with fangs fastening a log in a saw pit, or on the carriage of a sawmill . (c) A piece in machinery acting as a catch or clutch; especially, the carrier of a lathe, also, an adjustable stop to change motion, as in a machine tool.

&hand; Dog is used adjectively or in composition, commonly in the sense of relating to , or characteristic of , a dog . It is also used to denote a male ; as, dog fox or g -fox, a male fox; dog otter or dog -otter, dog wolf, etc.; -- also to denote a thing of cheap or mean quality ; as, dog Latin.

A dead dog , a thing of no use or value. 1 Sam. xxiv. 14 . -- A dog in the manger , an ugly-natured person who prevents others from enjoying what would be an advantage to them but is none to him. -- Dog ape (Zo\'94l.) , a male ape. -- Dog cabbage , &or; Dog's cabbage (Bot.) , a succulent herb, native to the Mediterranean region ( Thelygonum Cynocrambe ). -- Dog cheap , very cheap. See under Cheap . -- Dog ear (Arch.) , an acroterium. [Colloq.] -- Dog flea (Zo\'94l.) , a species of flea ( Pulex canis ) which infests dogs and cats, and is often troublesome to man. In America it is the common flea. See Flea , and Aphaniptera . -- Dog grass (Bot.) , a grass ( Triticum caninum ) of the same genus as wheat. -- Dog Latin , barbarous Latin; as, the dog Latin of pharmacy. -- Dog lichen (Bot.) , a kind of lichen ( Peltigera canina ) growing on earth, rocks, and tree trunks, -- a lobed expansion, dingy green above and whitish with fuscous veins beneath. -- Dog louse (Zo\'94l.) , a louse that infests the dog, esp. H\'91matopinus piliferus ; another species is Trichodectes latus . -- Dog power , a machine operated by the weight of a dog traveling in a drum, or on an endless track, as for churning. -- Dog salmon (Zo\'94l.) , a salmon of northwest America and northern Asia; -- the gorbuscha ; -- called also holia , and hone . -- Dog shark . (Zo\'94l.) See Dogfish . -- Dog's meat , meat fit only for dogs; refuse; offal. -- Dog Star . See in the Vocabulary. -- Dog wheat (Bot.) , Dog grass. -- Dog whelk (Zo\'94l.) , any species of univalve shells of the family Nassid\'91 , esp. the Nassa reticulata of England. -- To give, &or; throw , to the dogs , to throw away as useless. " Throw physic to the dogs ; I'll none of it." Shak . -- To go to the dogs , to go to ruin; to be ruined.

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Dog <Xpage=442>

Dog (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Dogged (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Dogging .] To hunt or track like a hound; to follow insidiously or indefatigably; to chase with a dog or dogs; to worry, as if by dogs; to hound with importunity.

I have been pursued, dogged , and waylaid. Pope.

Your sins will dog you, pursue you. Burroughs.

Eager ill-bred petitioners, who do not so properly supplicate as hunt the person whom they address to, dogging him from place to place, till they even extort an answer to their rude requests. South.

Dogal <Xpage=442>

Do"gal (?) , a. [LL. dogalis for ducalis . See Doge .] Of or pertaining to a doge. [R.]

Dogate <Xpage=442>

Do"gate (?) , n. [Cf. F. dogat , It. dogato . See Doge , and cf. Dogeate .] The office or dignity of a doge.

Dogbane <Xpage=442>

Dog"bane` (?) , n. [Said to be poisonous to dogs. Cf. Apocynaceous .] (Bot.) A small genus of perennial herbaceous plants, with poisonous milky juice, bearing slender pods pods in pairs.

Dog bee <Xpage=442>

Dog" bee` (?) . A male or drone bee.

Halliwell.

Dogberry <Xpage=442>

Dog"ber`ry (?) , n. (Bot.) The berry of the dogwood; -- called also dogcherry .

Dr. Prior.

Dogberry tree (Bot.) , the dogwood.

Dogbolt <Xpage=442>

Dog"bolt` (?) , n. (Gun.) The bolt of the cap-square over the trunnion of a cannon.

Knight.

Dog-brier <Xpage=442>

Dog"-bri`er (?) , n. (Bot.) The dog-rose.

Dogcart <Xpage=442>

Dog"cart` (?) , n. A light one-horse carriage, commonly two-wheeled, patterned after a cart. The original dogcarts used in England by sportsmen had a box at the back for carrying dogs.

Dog day &or; Dogday <Xpage=442>

Dog" day` &or; Dog"day` (?) . One of the dog days.

Dogday cicada (Zo\'94l.) , a large American cicada ( C. pruinosa ), which trills loudly in midsummer.

Dog days <Xpage=442>

Dog" days` (?) . A period of from four to six weeks, in the summer, variously placed by almanac makers between the early part of July and the early part of September; canicular days; -- so called in reference to the rising in ancient times of the Dog Star (Sirius) with the sun. Popularly, the sultry, close part of the summer.

&hand; The conjunction of the rising of the Dog Star with the rising of the sun was regarded by the ancients as one of the causes of the sultry heat of summer, and of the maladies which then prevailed. But as the conjunction does not occur at the same time in all latitudes, and is not constant in the same region for a long period, there has been much variation in calendars regarding the limits of the dog days. The astronomer Roger Long states that in an ancient calendar in Bede (died 735) the beginning of dog days is placed on the 14th of July; that in a calendar prefixed to the Common Prayer, printed in the time of Queen Elizabeth, they were said to begin on the 6th of July and end on the 5th of September; that, from the Restoration (1660) to the beginning of New Style (1752), British almanacs placed the beginning on the 19th of July and the end on the 28th of August; and that after 1752 the beginning was put on the 30th of July, the end on the 7th of September. Some English calendars now put the beginning on July 3d, and the ending on August 11th. A popular American almanac of the present time (1890) places the beginning on the 25th of July, and the end on the 5th of September.

Dogdraw <Xpage=442>

Dog"draw` (?) , n. (Eng. Forest Law) The act of drawing after, or pursuing, deer with a dog.

Cowell.

Doge <Xpage=442>

Doge (?) , n. [It doge , dogio , for duce , duca , fr. L. dux , ducis , a leader, commander. See Duke .] The chief magistrate in the republics of Venice and Genoa.

Dog-eared <Xpage=442>

Dog"-eared` (?) , a. Having the corners of the leaves turned down and soiled by careless or long-continued usage; -- said of a book.

Statute books before unopened, not dog-eared . Ld. Mansfield.

Dogeate <Xpage=442>

Doge"ate (?) , n. Dogate.

Wright.

Dogeless <Xpage=442>

Doge"less , a. Without a doge.

Byron.

Dog-faced <Xpage=442>

Dog"-faced` (?) , a. Having a face resembling that of a dog.

Dog-faced baboon (Zo\'94l.) , any baboon of the genus Cynocephalus . See Drill .

Dog fancier <Xpage=442>

Dog" fan`cier (?) . One who has an unusual fancy for, or interest in, dogs; also, one who deals in dogs.

Dogfish <Xpage=442>

Dog"fish` (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.)

1. A small shark, of many species, of the genera Mustelus , Scyllium , Spinax , etc.

&hand; The European spotted dogfishes ( Scyllium catudus , and S. canicula ) are very abundant; the American smooth, or blue dogfish is Mustelus canis ; the common picked, or horned dogfish ( Squalus acanthias ) abundant on both sides of the Atlantic.

2. The bowfin ( Amia calva ). See Bowfin .

3. The burbot of Lake Erie.

Dog-fox <Xpage=442>

Dog"-fox` (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A male fox . See the Note under Dog , n. , 6. Sir W. Scott . (b) The Arctic or blue fox; -- a name also applied to species of the genus Cynalopex .

Dogged <Xpage=442>

Dog"ged (?) , a. [Fron. Dog .]

1. Sullen; morose. [Obs. or R.]

The sulky spite of a temper naturally dogged . Sir W. Scott.

2. Sullenly obstinate; obstinately determined or persistent; as, dogged resolution; dogged work.

Doggedly <Xpage=442>

Dog"ged*ly , adv. In a dogged manner; sullenly; with obstinate resolution.

Doggedness <Xpage=442>

Dog"ged*ness , n. 1. Sullenness; moroseness. [R.]

2. Sullen or obstinate determination; grim resolution or persistence.

Dogger <Xpage=442>

Dog"ger (?) , n. [D., fr. dogger codfish, orig. used in the catching of codfish.] (Naut.) A two-masted fishing vessel, used by the Dutch.

Dogger <Xpage=442>

Dog"ger , n. A sort of stone, found in the mines with the true alum rock, chiefly of silica and iron.

Doggerel <Xpage=442>

Dog"ger*el (?) , a. [OE. dogerel .] Low in style, and irregular in measure; as, doggerel rhymes .

This may well be rhyme doggerel , quod he. Chaucer.

Doggerel <Xpage=442>

Dog"ger*el , n. A sort of loose or irregular verse; mean or undignified poetry.

Doggerel like that of Hudibras. Addison.

The ill-spelt lines of doggerel in which he expressed his reverence for the brave sufferers. Macaulay.

Doggerman <Xpage=442>

Dog"ger*man (?) , n. A sailor belonging to a dogger.

Dogget <Xpage=442>

Dog"get (?) , n. Docket. See Docket . [Obs.]

Doggish <Xpage=442>

Dog"gish (?) , a. Like a dog; having the bad qualities of a dog; churlish; growling; brutal. -- Dog"*gish*ly , adv. -- Dog"gish*ness , n.

Doggrel <Xpage=442>

Dog"grel (?) , a. & n. Same as Doggerel .

Dog-headed <Xpage=442>

Dog"-head`ed (?) , a. (Zo\'94l.) Having a head shaped like that of a dog; -- said of certain baboons.

Dog-hearted <Xpage=442>

Dog"-heart`ed (?) , a. Inhuman; cruel.

Shak.

Doghole <Xpage=442>

Dog"hole` (?) , n. A place fit only for dogs; a vile, mean habitation or apartment.

Dryden.

dog-legged <Xpage=442>

dog"-leg`ged (?) , a. (Arch) Noting a flight of stairs, consisting of two or more straight portions connected by a platform (landing) or platforms, and running in opposite directions without an intervening wellhole.

Dogma <Xpage=442>

Dog"ma (?) , n. ; pl. E. Dogmas (#) , L. Dogmata (#) . [L. dogma , Gr. <?/, pl . <?/ , fr. <?/ to think, seem, appear; akin to L. decet it is becoming. Cf. Decent .]

1. That which is held as an opinion; a tenet; a doctrine.

The obscure and loose dogmas of early antiquity. Whewell.

2. A formally stated and authoritatively settled doctrine; a definite, established, and authoritative tenet.

3. A doctrinal notion asserted without regard to evidence or truth; an arbitrary dictum.

Syn. -- tenet; opinion; proposition; doctrine. -- Dogma , Tenet . A tenet is that which is maintained as true with great firmness; as, the tenets of our holy religion . A dogma is that which is laid down with authority as indubitably true, especially a religious doctrine; as, the dogmas of the church . A tenet rests on its own intrinsic merits or demerits; a dogma rests on authority regarded as competent to decide and determine. Dogma has in our language acquired, to some extent, a repulsive sense, from its carrying with it the idea of undue authority or assumption. this is more fully the case with its derivatives dogmatical and dogmatism .

Dogmatic <Xpage=442>

Dog*mat"ic (?) , n. One of an ancient sect of physicians who went by general principles; -- opposed to the Empiric .

Dogmatic, Dogmatical <Xpage=442>

Dog*mat"ic (?) , Dog*mat`ic*al (?) , a. [L. dogmaticus , Gr. <?/, fr. <?/: cf. F. dogmatique .]

1. Pertaining to a dogma, or to an established and authorized doctrine or tenet.

2. Asserting a thing positively and authoritatively; positive; magisterial; hence, arrogantly authoritative; overbearing.

Critics write in a positive, dogmatic way. Spectator.

[They] are as assertive and dogmatical as if they were omniscient. Glanvill.

Dogmatic theology . Same as Dogmatics .

Syn. -- Magisterial; arrogant. See Magisterial .

Dogmatically <Xpage=442>

Dog*mat"ic*al*ly , adv. In a dogmatic manner; positively; magisterially.

Dogmaticalness <Xpage=442>

Dog*mat"ic*al*ness , n. The quality of being dogmatical; positiveness.

Dogmatician <Xpage=442>

Dog`ma*ti"cian (?) , n. A dogmatist.

Dogmatics <Xpage=442>

Dog*mat"ics (?) , n. The science which treats of Christian doctrinal theology.

Dogmatism <Xpage=442>

Dog"ma*tism (?) , n. The manner or character of a dogmatist; arrogance or positiveness in stating opinion.

The self-importance of his demeanor, and the dogmatism of his conversation. Sir W. Scott.

Dogmatist <Xpage=442>

Dog"ma*tist (?) , n. [L. dogmatistes , Gr. <?/ , fr. <?/.] One who dogmatizes; one who speaks dogmatically; a bold and arrogant advancer of principles.

I expect but little success of all this upon the dogmatist ; his opinioned assurance is paramount to argument. Glanvill.

Dogmatize <Xpage=442>

Dog"ma*tize (?) , v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Dogmatized (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Dogmatizing .] [L. dogmatizare to lay down an opinion, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/: cf. F. dogmatiser . See Dogma .] To assert positively; to teach magisterially or with bold and undue confidence; to advance with arrogance.

The pride of dogmatizing schools. Blackmore.

Dogmatize <Xpage=442>

Dog"ma*tize , v. t. To deliver as a dogma. [R.]

Dogmatizer <Xpage=442>

Dog"ma*ti`zer (?) , n. One who dogmatizes; a bold asserter; a magisterial teacher.

Hammond.

Dog-rose <Xpage=442>

Dog"-rose` (?) , n. (Bot.) A common European wild rose, with single pink or white flowers.

Dog's-bane <Xpage=442>

Dog's"-bane` (?) , n. (Bot.) See Dogbane .

Dog's-ear <Xpage=442>

Dog's"-ear` (?) , n. The corner of a leaf, in a book, turned down like the ear of a dog. Gray . -- Dog's"-eared` (#) , a.

Cowper.

Dogship <Xpage=442>

Dog"ship (?) , n. The character, or individuality, of a dog.

Dogshore <Xpage=442>

Dog"shore` (?) , n. (Naut.) One of several shores used to hold a ship firmly and prevent her moving while the blocks are knocked away before launching.

Dogsick <Xpage=442>

Dog"sick` (?) , a. Sick as a dog sometimes is very sick. [Colloq.]

Dogskin <Xpage=442>

Dog"skin (?) , n. The skin of a dog, or leather made of the skin. Also used adjectively.

Dogsleep <Xpage=442>

Dog"sleep` (?) , n. 1. Pretended sleep.

Addison.

2. (Naut.) The fitful naps taken when all hands are kept up by stress.

Dog's-tail grass <Xpage=442>

Dog's"-tail grass` (?) , n. (Bot.) A hardy species of British grass ( Cynosurus cristatus ) which abounds in grass lands, and is well suited for making straw plait; -- called also goldseed .

Dog Star <Xpage=442>

Dog" Star` (?) . Sirius, a star of the constellation Canis Major , or the Greater Dog, and the brightest star in the heavens; -- called also Canicula , and, in astronomical charts, &alpha; Canis Majoris . See Dog days .

Dog's-tongue <Xpage=442>

Dog's"-tongue` (?) , n. (Bot.) Hound's-tongue.

Dogtie <Xpage=442>

Dog"tie` (?) , n. (Arch.) A cramp.

Dogtooth <Xpage=442>

Dog"tooth` (?) , n. ; pl. Dogteeth (<?/) .

1. See Canine tooth , under Canine .

2. (Arch.) An ornament common in Gothic architecture, consisting of pointed projections resembling teeth; -- also called tooth ornament .

Dogtooth spar (Min.) , a variety of calcite, in acute crystals, resembling the tooth of a dog. See Calcite . -- Dogtooth violet (Bot.) , a small, bulbous herb of the Lily family (genus Erythronium ). It has two shining flat leaves and commonly one large flower. [Written also dog's-tooth violet .]

Dogtrick <Xpage=442>

Dog"trick` (?) , n. A gentle trot, like that of a dog.

Dogvane <Xpage=442>

Dog"vane` (?) , n. (Naut.) A small vane of bunting, feathers, or any other light material, carried at the masthead to indicate the direction of the wind.

Totten.

Dogwatch <Xpage=442>

Dog"watch` (?) , n. (Naut.) A half watch; a watch of two hours, of which there are two, the first dogwatch from 4 to 6 o'clock, p.m., and the second dogwatch from 6 to 8 o'clock, P. M.

Totten.

Dog-weary <Xpage=442>

Dog"-wea`ry (?) , a. Extremely weary.

Shak.

Dogwood <Xpage=442>