Chapter 38

Cf. man - kind , heir - loom , war - like , which are agglutinative compounds. The Finnish, Hungarian, Turkish, the Tamul, etc., are agglutinative languages. R. Morris.

Agglutinative languages preserve the consciousness of their roots. Max M\'81ller.

Aggrace <Xpage=31>

Ag*grace" (#) , v. t. [Pref. a- + grace : cf. It. aggraziare , LL. aggratiare . See Grace .] To favor; to grace. [Obs.] "That knight so much aggraced ."

Spenser.

<page="32"> Page 32

Aggrace <Xpage=32>

Ag*grace" (#) , n. Grace; favor. [Obs.]

Spenser.

Aggrandizable <Xpage=32>

Ag"gran*di"za*ble (#) , a. Capable of being aggrandized.

Aggrandization <Xpage=32>

Ag*gran`di*za"tion (#) , n. Aggrandizement. [Obs.]

Waterhouse.

Aggrandize <Xpage=32>

Ag"gran*dize (#) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Aggrandized (#) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Aggrandizing (#) .] [F. agrandir ; \'85 (L. ad ) + grandir to increase, L. grandire , fr. grandis great. See Grand , and cf. Finish .] 1. To make great; to enlarge; to increase; as, to aggrandize our conceptions, authority, distress .

2. To make great or greater in power, rank, honor, or wealth; -- applied to persons, countries, etc.

His scheme for aggrandizing his son. Prescott.

3. To make appear great or greater; to exalt.

Lamb.

Syn. -- To augment; exalt; promote; advance.

Aggrandize <Xpage=32>

Ag"gran*dize , v. i. To increase or become great. [Obs.]

Follies, continued till old age, do aggrandize . J. Hall.

Aggrandizement <Xpage=32>

Ag*gran"dize*ment (?; 277) , n. [Cf. F. agrandissement .] The act of aggrandizing, or the state of being aggrandized or exalted in power, rank, honor, or wealth; exaltation; enlargement; as, the emperor seeks only the aggrandizement of his own family .

Syn. -- Augmentation; exaltation; enlargement; advancement; promotion; preferment.

Aggrandizer <Xpage=32>

Ag"gran*di`zer (#) , n. One who aggrandizes, or makes great.

Aggrate <Xpage=32>

Ag*grate" (#) , v. t. [It. aggratare , fr. L. ad + gratus pleasing. See Grate , a. ] To please. [Obs.]

Each one sought his lady to aggrate . Spenser.

Aggravate <Xpage=32>

Ag"gra*vate (#) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Aggravated (#) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Aggravating .] [L. aggravatus , p. p. of aggravare . See Aggrieve .] 1. To make heavy or heavier; to add to; to increase. [Obs.] "To aggravate thy store."

Shak.

2. To make worse, or more severe; to render less tolerable or less excusable; to make more offensive; to enhance; to intensify. "To aggravate my woes."

Pope.

To aggravate the horrors of the scene. Prescott.

The defense made by the prisioner's counsel did rather aggravate than extenuate his crime. Addison.

3. To give coloring to in description; to exaggerate; as, to aggravate circumstances .

Paley.

4. To exasperate; to provoke; to irritate. [Colloq.]

If both were to aggravate her parents, as my brother and sister do mine. Richardson (Clarissa).

Syn. -- To heighten; intensify; increase; magnify; exaggerate; provoke; irritate; exasperate.

Aggravating <Xpage=32>

Ag"gra*va`ting (#) , a. 1. Making worse or more heinous; as, aggravating circumstances .

2. Exasperating; provoking; irritating. [Colloq.]

A thing at once ridiculous and aggravating . J. Ingelow.

Aggravatingly <Xpage=32>

Ag"gra*va`ting*ly , adv. In an aggravating manner.

Aggravation <Xpage=32>

Ag`gra*va"tion (#) , n. [LL. aggravatio : cf. F. aggravation .] 1. The act of aggravating, or making worse; -- used of evils, natural or moral; the act of increasing in severity or heinousness; something additional to a crime or wrong and enhancing its guilt or injurious consequences.

2. Exaggerated representation.

By a little aggravation of the features changed it into the Saracen's head. Addison.

3. An extrinsic circumstance or accident which increases the guilt of a crime or the misery of a calamity.

4. Provocation; irritation. [Colloq.]

Dickens.

Aggravative <Xpage=32>

Ag"gra*va*tive (#) , a. Tending to aggravate. Ag*gres"sive*ly , adv. -- Ag*gres"sive*ness , n.

No aggressive movement was made. Macaulay.

Aggressor <Xpage=32>

Ag*gres"sor (#) , n. [L.: cf. F. agresseur .] The person who first attacks or makes an aggression; he who begins hostility or a quarrel; an assailant.

The insolence of the aggressor is usually proportioned to the tameness of the sufferer. Ames.

Aggrievance <Xpage=32>

Ag*griev"ance (#) , n. [OF. agrevance , fr. agrever . See Aggrieve .] Oppression; hardship; injury; grievance. [Archaic]

Aggrieve <Xpage=32>

Ag*grieve" (#) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Aggrieved (#) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Aggrieving (#) .] [OE. agreven , OF. agrever ; a (L. ad ) + grever to burden, injure, L. gravare to weigh down, fr. gravis heavy. See Grieve , and cf. Aggravate .] To give pain or sorrow to; to afflict; hence, to oppress or injure in one's rights; to bear heavily upon; -- now commonly used in the passive TO be aggrieved .

Aggrieved by oppression and extortion. Macaulay.

Aggrieve <Xpage=32>

Ag*grieve" , v. i. To grieve; to lament. [Obs.]

Aggroup <Xpage=32>

Ag*group" (#) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Aggrouped (#) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Aggrouping .] [F. agrouper ; \'85 (L. ad ) + groupe group. See Group ..] To bring together in a group; to group.

Dryden.

Aggroupment <Xpage=32>

Ag*group"ment (#) , n. Arrangement in a group or in groups; grouping.

Aggry, Aggri <Xpage=32>

Ag"gry , Ag"gri (#) , a. Applied to a kind of variegated glass beads of ancient manufacture; as, aggry beads are found in Ashantee and Fantee in Africa .

Aghast <Xpage=32>

A*ghast" (#) , v. t. See Agast , v. t. [Obs.]

Aghast <Xpage=32>

A*ghast" (#) , a & p. p. [OE. agast , agasted , p. p. of agasten to terrify, fr. AS. pref. \'be- (cf. Goth. us- , G. er- , orig. meaning out ) + g<?/stan to terrify, torment: cf. Goth. usgaisjan to terrify, primitively to fix, to root to the spot with terror; akin to L. haerere to stick fast, cling. See Gaze , Hesitate .] Terrified; struck with amazement; showing signs of terror or horror.

Aghast he waked; and, starting from his bed, Cold sweat in clammy drops his limbs o'erspread. Dryden.

The commissioners read and stood aghast . Macaulay.

Agible <Xpage=32>

Ag"i*ble (#) , a. [Cf. LL. agibilis , fr. L. agere to move, do.] Possible to be done; practicable. [Obs.] "Fit for agible things."

Sir A. Sherley.

Agile <Xpage=32>

Ag"ile (#) , a. [F. agile , L. agilis , fr. agere to move. See Agent .] Having the faculty of quick motion in the limbs; apt or ready to move; nimble; active; as, an agile boy; an agile tongue.

Shaking it with agile hand. Cowper.

Syn. -- Active; alert; nimble; brisk; lively; quick.

Agilely <Xpage=32>

Ag"ile*ly , adv. In an agile manner; nimbly.

Agileness <Xpage=32>

Ag"ile*ness , n. Agility; nimbleness. [R.]

Agility <Xpage=32>

A*gil"i*ty (#) , n. [F. agili\'82 , L. agilitas , fr. agilis .] 1. The quality of being agile; the power of moving the limbs quickly and easily; nimbleness; activity; quickness of motion; as, strength and agility of body .

They . . . trust to the agility of their wit. Bacon.

Wheeling with the agility of a hawk. Sir W. Scott.

2. Activity; powerful agency. [Obs.]

The agility of the sun's fiery heat. Holland.

Agio <Xpage=32>

Ag"i*o (#) , n. ; pl. Agios (#) . [It. aggio exchange, discount, premium, the same word as agio ease. See Ease.] (Com.) The premium or percentage on a better sort of money when it is given in exchange for an inferior sort. The premium or discount on foreign bills of exchange is sometimes called agio .

Agiotage <Xpage=32>

Ag"i*o*tage (#) , n. [F. agiotage , fr. agioter to practice stockjobbing, fr. agio .] Exchange business; also, stockjobbing; the maneuvers of speculators to raise or lower the price of stocks or public funds.

Vanity and agiotage are to a Parisian the oxygen and hydrogen of life. Landor.

Agist <Xpage=32>

A*gist" (#) , v. t. [OF. agister ; \'85 (L. ad ) + gister to assign a lodging, fr. giste lodging, abode, F. g\'8cte , LL. gistum , gista , fr. L. jacitum , p. p. of jac<?/re to lie: cf. LL. agistare , adgistare . See Gist .] (Law) To take to graze or pasture, at a certain sum; -- used originally of the feeding of cattle in the king's forests, and collecting the money for the same.

Blackstone.

Agistator <Xpage=32>

Ag`is*ta"tor (#) , n. [LL.] See Agister .

Agister, Agistor <Xpage=32>

A*gist"er , A*gist"or (#) , n. [Anglo-Norman agistour .] (Law) (a) Formerly, an officer of the king's forest, who had the care of cattle agisted, and collected the money for the same; -- hence called gisttaker , which in England is corrupted into guest-taker . (b) Now, one who agists or takes in cattle to pasture at a certain rate; a pasturer.

Mozley & W.

Agistment <Xpage=32>

A*gist"ment (#) , n. [OF. agistement . See Agist .] (Law) (a) Formerly, the taking and feeding of other men's cattle in the king's forests. (b) The taking in by any one of other men's cattle to graze at a certain rate. Mozley & W. (c) The price paid for such feeding. (d) A charge or rate against lands; as, an agistment of sea banks, i. e. , charge for banks or dikes.

Agitable <Xpage=32>

Ag"i*ta*ble (#) , a. [L. agitabilis : cf. F. agitable .] Capable of being agitated, or easily moved. [R.]

Agitate <Xpage=32>

Ag"i*tate (#) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Agitated (#) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Agitating (#) .] [L. agitatus , p. p. of agitare to put in motion, fr. agere to move: cf. F. agiter . See Act , Agent .] 1. To move with a violent, irregular action; as, the wind agitates the sea; to agitate water in a vessel. "Winds . . . agitate the air."

Cowper.

2. To move or actuate. [R.]

Thomson.

3. To stir up; to disturb or excite; to perturb; as, he was greatly agitated .

The mind of man is agitated by various passions. Johnson.

4. To discuss with great earnestness; to debate; as, a controversy hotly agitated .

Boyle.

5. To revolve in the mind, or view in all its aspects; to contrive busily; to devise; to plot; as, politicians agitate desperate designs .

Syn. -- To move; shake; excite; rouse; disturb; distract; revolve; discuss; debate; canvass.

Agitatedly <Xpage=32>

Ag"i*ta`ted*ly , adv. In an agitated manner.

Agitation <Xpage=32>

Ag`i*ta"tion (#) , n. [L. agitatio : cf. F. agitation .] 1. The act of agitating, or the state of being agitated; the state of being moved with violence, or with irregular action; commotion; as, the sea after a storm is in agitation .

2. A stirring up or arousing; disturbance of tranquillity; disturbance of mind which shows itself by physical excitement; perturbation; as, to cause any one agitation .

3. Excitement of public feeling by discussion, appeals, etc.; as, the antislavery agitation ; labor agitation . "Religious agitations ."

Prescott.

4. Examination or consideration of a subject in controversy, or of a plan proposed for adoption; earnest discussion; debate.

A logical agitation of the matter. L'Estrange.

The project now in agitation . Swift.

Syn. -- Emotion; commotion; excitement; trepidation; tremor; perturbation. See Emotion .

Agitative <Xpage=32>

Ag"i*ta*tive (#) , a. Tending to agitate.

Agitato <Xpage=32>

A`gi*ta"to (#) , a. [It., agitated.] (Med.) Sung or played in a restless, hurried, and spasmodic manner.

Agitator <Xpage=32>

Ag"i*ta`tor (#) , n. [L.] 1. One who agitates; one who stirs up or excites others; as, political reformers and agitators .

2. (Eng. Hist.) One of a body of men appointed by the army, in Cromwell's time, to look after their interests; -- called also adjutators .

Clarendon.

3. An implement for shaking or mixing.

Agleam <Xpage=32>

A*gleam" (#) , adv. & a. [Pref. a- + gleam .] Gleaming; as, faces agleam .

Lowell.

Aglet, Aiglet <Xpage=32>

Ag"let (#) , Aig"let (#) , n. [F. aiguillette point, tagged point, dim. of aiguilee needle, fr. LL. acucula for acicula , dim. of L. acus needle, pin<?/: cf. OF. agleter to hook on. See Acute , and cf. Aiguillette .] 1. A tag of a lace or of the points, braids, or cords formerly used in dress. They were sometimes formed into small images. Hence, " aglet baby" ( Shak .), an aglet image.

2. (Haberdashery) A round white staylace.

Beck.

Agley <Xpage=32>

A*gley" (#) , adv. Aside; askew. [Scotch]

Burns.

Aglimmer <Xpage=32>

A*glim"mer (#) , adv. & a. [Pref. a- + glimmer .] In a glimmering state.

Hawthorne.

Aglitter <Xpage=32>

A*glit"ter (#) , adv. & a. [Pref. a- + glitter .] Clittering; in a glitter.

Aglossal <Xpage=32>

A*glos"sal (#) , a. [Gr. <?/.] (Zo\'94l.) Without tongue; tongueless.

Aglow <Xpage=32>

A*glow" (#) , adv. & a. [Pref. a- + glow .] In a glow; glowing; as, cheeks aglow ; the landscape all aglow .

Aglutition <Xpage=32>

Ag`lu*ti"tion (#) , n. [Pref. a- not + L. glutire to swallow.] (Med.) Inability to swallow.

Agminal <Xpage=32>

Ag"mi*nal (#) , a. [L. agminalis ; agmen , agminis , a train.] Pertaining to an army marching, or to a train. [R.]

Agminate, Agminated <Xpage=32>

Ag"mi*nate (#) , Ag"mi*na`ted (#) , a. [L. agmen , agminis , a train, crowd.] (Physiol.) Grouped together; as, the agminated glands of Peyer in the small intestine .

Agnail <Xpage=32>

Ag"nail (#) , n. [AS. angn\'91gl ; ange vexation, trouble + n\'91gel nail. Cf. Hangnail .] 1. A corn on the toe or foot. [Obs.]

2. An inflammation or sore under or around the nail; also, a hangnail.

Agnate <Xpage=32>

Ag"nate (#) , a. [L. agnatus , p. p. of agnasci to be born in addition to; ad + nasci (for gnasci ) to be born. Cf. Adnate .] 1. Related or akin by the father's side; also, sprung from the same male ancestor.

2. Allied; akin. " Agnate words."

Pownall.

Assume more or less of a fictitious character, but congenial and agnate with the former. Landor.

Agnate <Xpage=32>

Ag"nate , n. [Cf. F. agnat .] (Civil Law) A relative whose relationship can be traced exclusively through males.

Agnatic <Xpage=32>

Ag*nat"ic (#) , a. [Cf. F. agnatique .] Pertaining to descent by the male line of ancestors. "The agnatic succession."

Blackstone.

Agnation <Xpage=32>

Ag*na"tion (#) , n. [L. agnatio : cf. F. agnation .] 1. (Civil Law) Consanguinity by a line of males only, as distinguished from cognation .

Bouvier.

<page="33"> Page 33

Agnition <Xpage=33>

Ag*ni"tion (#) , n. [L. agnitio , fr. agnoscere . See Notion .] Acknowledgment. [Obs.]

Grafton.

Agnize <Xpage=33>

Ag*nize" (#) , v. t. [Formed like recognize , fr. L. agnoscere .] To recognize; to acknowledge. [Archaic]

I do agnize a natural and prompt alacrity. Shak.

Agnoiolgy <Xpage=33>

Ag`noi*ol"*gy (#) , n. [Gr. <?/ ignorance + -logy .] (Metaph.) The doctrine concerning those things of which we are necessarily ignorant.

Agnomen <Xpage=33>

Ag*no"men (#) , n. [L.; ad + nomen name.] 1. An additional or fourth name given by the Romans, or account of some remarkable exploit or event; as, Publius Caius Scipio Africanus .

2. An additional name, or an epithet appended to a name; as, Aristides the Just .

Agnominate <Xpage=33>

Ag*nom"i*nate (#) , v. t. To name. [Obs.]

Agnomination <Xpage=33>

Ag*nom`i*na"tion (#) , n. [L. agnominatio . See Agnomen .] 1. A surname. [R.]

Minsheu.

2. Paronomasia; also, alliteration; annomination.

Agnostic <Xpage=33>

Ag*nos"tic (#) , a. [Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ knowing, <?/ to know.] Professing ignorance; involving no dogmatic; pertaining to or involving agnosticism. -- Ag*nos"tic*al*ly (#) , adv.

Agnostic <Xpage=33>

Ag*nos"tic , n. One who professes ignorance, or denies that we have any knowledge, save of phenomena; one who supports agnosticism, neither affirming nor denying the existence of a personal Deity, a future life, etc.

Agnosticism <Xpage=33>