Chapter 372

To cry aim . See under Aim . -- To cry down , to decry; to depreciate; to dispraise; to condemn.

Men of dissolute lives cry down religion, because they would not be under the restraints of it. Tillotson.

-- To cry out , to proclaim; to shout."Your gesture cries it out ." Shak . -- To cry quits , to propose, or declare, the abandonment of a contest. -- To cry up , to enhance the value or reputation of by public and noisy praise; to extol; to laud publicly or urgently.

Cry <Xpage=352>

Cry (kr?) , n. ; pl. Cries (kr<?/z) . [F. cri , fr. crier to cry. See Cry , v. i. ] 1. A loud utterance; especially, the inarticulate sound produced by one of the lower animals; as, the cry of hounds; the cry of wolves.

Milton.

2. Outcry; clamor; tumult; popular demand.

Again that cry was found to have been as unreasonable as ever. Macaulay.

3. Any expression of grief, distress, etc., accompanied with tears or sobs; a loud sound, uttered in lamentation.

There shall be a great cry throughout all the land. Ex. xi. 6.

An infant crying in the night, An infant crying for the light; And with no language but a cry . Tennyson.

4. Loud expression of triumph or wonder or of popular acclamation or favor.

Swift.

The cry went once on thee. Shak.

5. Importunate supplication.

O, the most piteous cry of the poor souls. Shak.

6. Public advertisement by outcry; proclamation, as by hawkers of their wares.

The street cries of London. Mayhew.

7. Common report; fame.

The cry goes that you shall marry her. Shak.

8. A word or phrase caught up by a party or faction and repeated for effect; as, the party cry of the Tories .

All now depends upon a good cry . Beaconsfield.

9. A pack of hounds.

Milton.

A cry more tunable Was never hollaed to, nor cheered with horn. Shak.

10. A pack or company of persons; -- in contempt.

Would not this . . . get me a fellowship in a cry of players? Shak.

11. The cracklling noise made by block tin when it is bent back and forth.

A far cry , a long distance; -- in allusion to the sending of criers or messengers through the territory of a Scottish clan with an announcement or summons.

Cryal <Xpage=352>

Cry"al (kr?" a l) , n. [Cf. W. creyr , cryr , crychydd . Cf. Cruer a hawk.] The heron [Obs.]

Ainsworth.

Cryer <Xpage=352>

Cry"er (-?r) , n. [F. faucon gruyer a falcon trained to fly at the crane, fr. crye crane, fr. L. crus crane. Cf. Cryal .] The female of the hawk; a falcon-gentil.

Crying <Xpage=352>

Cry"ing , a. Calling for notice; compelling attention; notorious; heinous; as, a crying evil .

Too much fondness for meditative retirement is not the crying sin of our modern Christianity. I. Taylor.

Cryohydrate <Xpage=352>

Cry`o*hy"drate (kr?`?-h?"dr?t) , n. [Gr. <?/<?/<?/ cold + E. hydrate .] (Chem.) A substance, as salt, ammonium chloride, etc., which crystallizes with water of crystallization only at low temperatures, or below the freezing point of water.

F. Guthrie.

Cryolite <Xpage=352>

Cry"o*lite (kr?"?-l?t) , n. [Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ icy cold, frost + -lite : cf. F. cryolithe .] (Min.) A fluoride of sodium and aluminum, found in Greenland, in white cleavable masses; -- used as a source of soda and alumina.

Cryophorus <Xpage=352>

Cry*oph"o*rus (kr?-?f"?-r?s) , n. [NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/ icy cold, frost + <?/<?/<?/ to bear.] (Chem.) An instrument used to illustrate the freezing of water by its own evaporation. The ordinary form consist of two glass bulbs, connected by a tube of the same material, and containing only a quantity of water and its vapor, devoid of air. The water is in one of the bulbs, and freezes when the other is cooled below 32&deg; Fahr.

Crypt <Xpage=352>

Crypt (kr?pt) , n. [L. crypta vault, crypt, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/, fr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ to hide. See Crot , Crotto .] 1. A vault wholly or partly under ground; especially, a vault under a church, whether used for burial purposes or for a subterranean chapel or oratory.

Priesthood works out its task age after age, . . . treasuring in convents and crypts the few fossils of antique learning. Motley.

My knees are bowed in crypt and shrine. Tennyson.

2. (Anat.) A simple gland, glandular cavity, or tube; a follicle; as, the cryps of Lieberk<?/hn, the simple tubular glands of the small intestines .

Cryptal <Xpage=352>

Crypt"al (- a l) , a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to crypts.

Cryptic krptk, Cryptical <Xpage=352>

Cryp"tic (kr?p"t?k) , Cryp"tic*al (-t?-k a l) , a. [L. crypticus , Gr.<?/<?/<?/<?/, fr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ to hide.] Hidden; secret; occult. "Her [nature's] more cryptic ways of working."

Glanvill.

Cryptically <Xpage=352>

Cryp"tic*al*ly , adv. Secretly; occultly.

Cryptidine <Xpage=352>

Cryp"ti*dine (kr?p"t?-d?n; 104) , n. [Gr. krypto`s hidden.] (Chem.) One of the quinoline bases, obtained from coal tar as an oily liquid, C11H11N ; also, any one of several substances metameric with, and resembling, cryptidine proper.

Cryptobranchiata <Xpage=352>

Cryp`to*bran`chi*a"ta (kr?p`t?-br a ?`k?-?"t?) , n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. krypto`s hidden + L. branchia a gill.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) A division of the Amphibia; the Derotremata. (b) A group of nudibranch mollusks.

Cryptobranchiate <Xpage=352>

Cryp`to*bran"chi*ate (-br??"k?-?t) , a. (Zo\'94l.) Having concealed or rudimentary gills.

Cryptocrystalline <Xpage=352>

Cryp`to*crys"tal*line (-kr?s"t a l-l?n) , a. [Gr. krypto`s hidden + E. crystalline .] (Geol.) Indistinctly crystalline; -- applied to rocks and minerals, whose state of aggregation is so fine that no distinct particles are visible, even under the microscope.

Cryptogam <Xpage=352>

Cryp"to*gam (kr?p"t?-g?m) , n. [Cf. F. cryptogame . See Cryptogamia .] (Bot.) A plant belonging to the Cryptogamia.

Henslow.

Cryptogamia <Xpage=352>

Cryp`to*ga"mi*a (kr?p`t?-g?"m?-?) , n. ; pl. Cryptogami\'91 (-<?/) . [NL., fr. Gr. krypto`s hidden, secret + ga`mos marriage.] (Bot.) The series or division of flowerless plants, or those never having true stamens and pistils, but propagated by spores of various kinds.

&hand; The subdivisions have been variously arranged. The following arrangement recognizes four classes: --

I. Pteridophyta , or Vascular Acrogens . These include Ferns , Equiseta or Scouring rushes, Lycopodiace\'91 or Club mosses, Selaginelle\'91 , and several other smaller orders. Here belonged also the extinct coal plants called Lepidodendron , Sigillaria , and Calamites .

II. Bryophita , or Cellular Acrogens . These include Musci , or Mosses, Hepatic\'91 , or Scale mosses and Liverworts, and possibly Charace\'91 , the Stoneworts.

III. Alg\'91 , which are divided into Floride\'91 , the Red Seaweeds, and the orders Dictyote\'91 , O\'94spore\'91 , Zo\'94spore\'91 , Conjugat\'91 , Diatomace\'91 , and Cryptophyce\'91 .

IV. Fungi . The molds, mildews, mushrooms, puffballs, etc., which are variously grouped into several subclasses and many orders. The Lichenes or Lichens are now considered to be of a mixed nature, each plant partly a Fungus and partly an Alga.

Cryptogamian krpt-gm-a]/>n, Cryptogamic krpt-gmk, Cryptogamous <Xpage=352>

Cryp`to*ga"mi*an (kr?p`t?-g?"m?-a]/>n) , Cryp`to*gam"ic (kr?p`t?-g?m"?k) , Cryp*to"gam*ous (#) a. Of or pertaining to the series Cryptogamia, or to plants of that series.

Cryptogamist <Xpage=352>

Cryp*tog"a*mist (-m?st) , n. One skilled in cryptogamic botany.

Cryptogram <Xpage=352>

Cryp"to*gram (kr?p"t?-gr?m) , n. A cipher writing. Same as Cryptograph .

Cryptograph <Xpage=352>

Cryp"to*graph (-gr?f) , n. [Gr. krypto`s hidden + -graph : cf. F. cryptographe .] Cipher; something written in cipher. "Decipherers of cryptograph."

J. Earle.

Cryptographal <Xpage=352>

Cryp*tog"ra*phal (kr?p-t?g"r?-f a l) , a. Pertaining to cryptography; cryptographical.

Boyle.

Cryptographer <Xpage=352>

Cryp*tog"ra*pher (kr?p-t?g"r?-f?r) , n. One who writes in cipher, or secret characters.

Cryptographic krpt-grfk, Cryptographical <Xpage=352>

Cryp`to*graph"ic (kr?p`t?-gr?f"?k) , Cryp`to*graph"ic*al (kr?p`t?-gr?f"?-k a l) , a. Relating to cryptography; written in secret characters or in cipher, or with sympathetic ink.

Cryptographist <Xpage=352>

Cryp*tog"ra*phist (kr?p-t?g"r?-f?st) , n. Same as Cryptographer .

Cryptography <Xpage=352>

Cryp*tog"ra*phy (-f?) , n. [Cf. F. cryptographie .] The act or art of writing in secret characters; also, secret characters, or cipher.

Cryptologu <Xpage=352>

Cryp*tol"o*gu (kr?p-t?l"?-j?) , n. [Gr. krypto`s hidden + -logy .] Secret or enigmatical language.

Johnson.

Cryptonym <Xpage=352>

Cryp"to*nym (kr?p"t?-n?m) , n. [Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ secret + <?/<?/<?/<?/ name.] A secret name; a name by which a person is known only to the initiated.

Cryptopine <Xpage=352>

Cryp"to*pine (kr?p"t?-p?n; 104) , n. [Gr. krypto`s hidden + E. op ium.] (Chem.) A colorless crystalline alkaloid obtained in small quantities from opium.

Crypturi <Xpage=352>

Cryp*tu"ri (kr?p-t?"r?) , n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ hidden + <?/<?/<?/ tail.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of flying, drom<?/ognathous birds, including the tinamous of South America. See Tinamou .

Crystal <Xpage=352>

Crys"tal (kr?s"t a l) , n. [OE. cristal , F. cristal , L. crystallum crystal, ice, fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/, fr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ icy cold, frost; cf. AS. crystalla , fr. L. crystallum ; prob. akin to E. crust . See Crust , Raw .] 1. (Chem. & Min.) The regular form which a substance tends to assume in solidifying, through the inherent power of cohesive attraction. It is bounded by plane surfaces, symmetrically arranged, and each species of crystal has fixed axial ratios. See Crystallization .

2. The material of quartz, in crystallization transparent or nearly so, and either colorless or slightly tinged with gray, or the like; -- called also rock crystal . Ornamental vessels are made of it. Cf. Smoky quartz , Pebble ; also Brazilian pebble , under Brazilian .

3. A species of glass, more perfect in its composition and manufacture than common glass, and often cut into ornamental forms. See Flint glass .

4. The glass over the dial of a watch case.

5. Anything resembling crystal, as clear water, etc.

The blue crystal of the seas. Byron.

Blood crystal . See under Blood . -- Compound crystal . See under Compound . -- Iceland crystal , a transparent variety of calcite, or crystallized calcium carbonate, brought from Iceland, and used in certain optical instruments, as the polariscope. -- Rock crystal , &or; Mountain crystal , any transparent crystal of quartz, particularly of limpid or colorless quartz.

Crystal <Xpage=352>

Crys"tal , a. Consisting of, or like, crystal; clear; transparent; lucid; pellucid; crystalline.

Through crystal walls each little mote will peep. Shak.

By crystal streams that murmur through the meads. Dryden.

The crystal pellets at the touch congeal, And from the ground rebounds the ratting hail. H. Brooks.

Crystallin <Xpage=352>

Crys"tal*lin (-l?n) , n. (Physiol. Chem.) See Gobulin .

Crystalline <Xpage=352>

Crys"tal*line (kr?s"t a l-l?n &or; -l?n; 277) , a. [L. crystallinus , from Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/: cf. F. cristallin . See Crystal .] 1. Consisting, or made, of crystal.

Mount, eagle, to my palace crystalline . Shak.

2. Formed by crystallization; like crystal in texture.

Their crystalline structure. Whewell.

3. Imperfectly crystallized; as, granite is only crystalline , while quartz crystal is perfectlly crystallized .

4. Fig.: Resembling crystal; pure; transparent; pellucid. "The crystalline sky."

Milton.

Crystalline heavens , &or; Crystalline spheres , in the Ptolemaic system of astronomy, two transparent spheres imagined to exist between the region of the fixed stars and the primum mobile (or outer circle of the heavens, which by its motion was supposed to carry round all those within it), in order to explain certain movements of the heavently bodies. -- Crystalline lens (Anat.) , the capsular lenslike body in the eye, serving to focus the rays of light. It consists of rodlike cells derived from the external embryonic epithelium.

Crystalline <Xpage=352>

Crys"tal*line , n. 1. A crystalline substance.

2. See Aniline . [Obs.]

Crystallite <Xpage=352>

Crys"tal*lite (kr?s"t a l-l?t) , n. [See Crystal .] (Min.) A minute mineral form like those common in glassy volcanic rocks and some slags, not having a definite crystalline outline and not referable to any mineral species, but marking the first step in the crystallization process. According to their form crystallites are called trichites , belonites , globulites , etc.

<page="353"> Page 353

Crystallizable <Xpage=353>

Crys"tal*li`za*ble (kr?s"t a l-l?`z?-b'l) , a. Capable of being crystallized; that may be formed into crystals.

Crystallization <Xpage=353>

Crys`tal*li*za"tion (kr?s`t a l-l?-z?"sh?n) , n. [Cf. F. cristallization .] 1. (Chem. & Min.) The act or process by which a substance in solidifying assumes the form and sructure of a crystal, or becomes crystallized.

2. The body formed by crystallizing; as, silver on precipitation forms arborescent crystallizations .

&hand; The systems of crystallization are the several classes to which the forms are mathematically referable. They are most simply described according to the relative lengths and inclinations of certain assumed lines called axes; but the real distinction is the degree of symmetry characterizing them. 1. The Isometric, &or; Monometric, system has the axes all equal, as in the cube, octahedron, etc. 2. The Tetragonal, &or; Dimetric, system has a varying vertical axis, while the lateral are equal, as in the right square prism. 3. The Orthorhombic, &or; Trimetric, system has the three axes unequal, as in the rectangular and rhombic prism. In this system, the lateral axes are called, respectively, macrodiagonal and brachydiagonal . -- The preceding are erect forms, the axes intersecting at right angles. The following are oblique. 4. The Monoclinic system , having one of the intersections oblique, as in the oblique rhombic prism. In this system, the lateral axes are called respectively, clinodiagonal and orthodiagonal . 5. The Triclinic system , having all the three intersections oblique, as in the oblique rhomboidal prism. There is also: 6. The Hexagonal system (one division of which is called Rhombohedral ), in which there are three equal lateral axes, and a vertical axis of variable length, as in the hexagonal prism and the rhombohedron.

&hand; The Diclinic system , sometimes recognized, with two oblique intersections, is only a variety of the Triclinic .

Crystallize <Xpage=353>

Crys"tal*lize (kr?s"t a l-l?z) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Crystallized (-l?zd) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Crystallizing .] [Cf. F. cristalliser . See Crystal .] To cause to form crystals, or to assume the crystalline form.

Crystallize <Xpage=353>

Crys"tal*lize , v. i. To be converted into a crystal; to take on a crystalline form, through the action of crystallogenic or cohesive attraction.

Crystallogenic -l-jnk, Crystallogenical <Xpage=353>

Crys`tal*lo*gen"ic (-l?-j?n"?k) , Crys`tal*lo*gen"ic*al (-?-k a l) , a. Pertaining to the production of crystals; crystal-producing; as, crystallogenic attraction .

Crystallogeny <Xpage=353>

Crys`tal*log"e*ny (kr?s`t a l-l?j"?-n?) , n. [Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ crystal + root of <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ to be born.] The science which pertains to the production of crystals.

Crystallographer <Xpage=353>

Crys`tal*log"ra*pher (kr?s`t a l-l?g"r?-f?r) , n. One who describes crystals, or the manner of their formation; one versed in crystallography.

Crystallographic -l-grfk, Crystallographical <Xpage=353>

Crys`tal*lo*graph"ic (-l?-gr?f"?k) , Crys`tal*lo*graph"ic*al (-?-k a l) , a. [Cf. F. crystallographique .] Pertaining to crystallography.

Crystallographically <Xpage=353>

Crys`tal*lo*graph"ic*al*ly , adv. In the manner of crystallography.

Crystallography <Xpage=353>

Crys`tal*log"ra*phy (kr?s`t a l-l?g"r?-f?) , n. [Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ crystal + -graphy : cf. F. cristallographie . See Crystal .] 1. The doctrine or science of crystallization, teaching the system of forms among crystals, their structure, and their methods of formation.

2. A discourse or treatise on crystallization.

Crystalloid <Xpage=353>

Crys"tal*loid (kr?s"t a l-loid) , a. [Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ crystal + -oid .] Crystal-like; transparent like crystal.

Crystalloid <Xpage=353>

Crys"tal*loid , n. 1. (Chem.) A body which, in solution, diffuses readily through animal membranes, and generally is capable of being crystallized; -- opposed to colloid .

2. (Bot.) One of the microscopic particles resembling crystals, consisting of protein matter, which occur in certain plant cells; -- called also protein crystal .

Cristallology <Xpage=353>

Cris`tal*lol"o*gy (kr?s`t a l-l?l"?-j?) , n. [Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ crystal + -logy .] The science of the crystalline structure of inorganic bodies.

Crystallomancy <Xpage=353>

Crys"tal*lo*man`cy (-l?-m?n`s?) , n. [Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ crystal + -mancy .] Divination by means of a crystal or other transparent body, especially a beryl.

Crystallometry <Xpage=353>

Crys`tal*lom"e*try (-l?m"?-tr?) , n. [Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ crystal + -metry .] The art of measuring crystals.

Crystallurgy <Xpage=353>

Crys"tal*lur`gy (-l?r`j?) , n. [Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ crystal + <?/<?/<?/<?/ work.] Crystallizaton.

Ctenocyst <Xpage=353>