Chapter 366

2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A small American fish ( Micropogon undulatus ), of the Atlantic coast. (a) An American fresh-water fish ( Aplodinotus grunniens ); -- called also drum . (c) The surf fish of California.

&hand; When caught these fishes make a croaking sound; whence the name, which is often corrupted into crocus .

<-- geography needs complete update! --> Croat <Xpage=346>

Cro"at (kr?"?t) , n. [Cf. Cravat .] 1. A native of Croatia, in Austria; esp., one of the native Slavic race.

2. An irregular soldier, generally from Croatia.

Croatian <Xpage=346>

Cro*a"tian (kr?-?"sh a n) , a. Of or pertaining to Croatia. -- n. A Croat.

Crocein <Xpage=346>

Cro"ce*in (kr?"s?-?n) , n. [See Croceous .] (Chem.) A name given to any one of several yellow or scarlet dyestuffs of artificial production and complex structure. In general they are diazo and sulphonic acid derivatives of benzene and naphthol.

Croceous <Xpage=346>

Cro"ceous (kr?"sh?s) , a. [L. croceus , fr. crocus saffron. See Crocus .] Of, pertaining to, or like, saffron; deep reddish yellow. [R.]

Crocetin <Xpage=346>

Cro"ce*tin (kr?"s?-t?n) , n. (Chem.) A dyestuff, obtained from the Chinese croicin, which produces a brilliant yellow.

Croche <Xpage=346>

Croche (kr?ch) , n. [OF. croche , equiv. to F. crochet , croc , hook. See Crotchet , Crook .] A little bud or knob at the top of a deer's antler.

Crochet <Xpage=346>

Cro*chet" (kr?-sh?") , n. [F. crochet small hook. See Croche .] A kind of knitting done by means of a hooked needle, with worsted, silk, or cotton; crochet work. Commonly used adjectively.

Crochet hook , Crochet needle , a small hook, or a hooked needle (often of bone), used in crochet work.

Crochet <Xpage=346>

Cro*chet" , v. t. & i. [ imp. & p.p. Crocheted (sh?d") ; p. pr. & vb. n. Crocheting (-sh?"?ng) .] To knit with a crochet needle or hook; as, to rochett a shawl .

Crociary <Xpage=346>

Cro"ci*a*ry (kr?"sh?-?-r?) , n. [See Crosier .] (Eccl.) One who carries the cross before an archbishop. [Obs.]

Crocidolite <Xpage=346>

Cro*cid"o*lite (kr?-s?d"?-l?t) , n. [Gr. kroky`s nap on cloth + -lite .] (Min.) A mineral occuring in silky fibers of a lavender blue color. It is related to hornblende and is essentially a silicate of iron and soda; -- called also blue asbestus . A silicified form, in which the fibers penetrating quartz are changed to oxide of iron, is the yellow brown tiger-eye of the jewelers.

Crocin <Xpage=346>

Cro"cin (kr?"s?n) , n. [Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ saffron.] (Chem.) (a) The coloring matter of Chinese yellow pods, the fruit of Gardenia grandiflora . Watts . (b) A red powder (called also polychroite ), which is made from the saffron ( Crocus sativus ). See Polychroite .

Crock <Xpage=346>

Crock (kr?k) , n. [Cf. W. croeg cover, Scot. crochit covered.] The loose black particles collected from combustion, as on pots and kettles, or in a chimney; soot; smut; also, coloring matter which rubs off from cloth.

Crock <Xpage=346>

Crock , v. t. [ imp. & p.p. Crocked (kr?kt) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Crocking .] To soil by contact, as with soot, or with the coloring matter of badly dyed cloth.

Crock <Xpage=346>

Crock , v. i. To give off crock or smut.

Crock <Xpage=346>

Crock , n. A low stool. "I . . . seated her upon a little crock ."

Tatler.

Crock <Xpage=346>

Crock (kr?k) , n. [AS. croc , croca , crog , croh ; akin to D. kruik , G. krug , Icel. krukka , Dan. krukke , Sw. kruka ; but cf. W. crwc bucket, pail, crochan pot, cregen earthen vessel, jar. Cf. Cruet .] Any piece of crockery, especially of coarse earthenware; an earthen pot or pitcher.

Like foolish flies about an honey crock . Spenser.

Crock <Xpage=346>

Crock , v. t. To lay up in a crock; as, to crock butter .

Halliwell.

Crocker <Xpage=346>

Crock"er (-?r) , n. A potter. [Obs.]

Wyclif.

Crockery <Xpage=346>

Crock"er*y ( kr?k"?r-?) , n. [From Crock an earthen vessel.] Earthenware; vessels formed of baked clay, especially the coarser kinds.

Crocket <Xpage=346>

Crock"et (kr?k"?t) , n. [OF. croquet , F. crochet , dim. of croc hook. See Crook , and cf. Crotchet .] 1. (Arch.) An ornament often resembling curved and bent foliage, projecting from the sloping edge of a gable, spire, etc.

2. A croche, or knob, on the top of a stag's antler.

The antlers and the crockets . W. Black.

Crocketed <Xpage=346>

Crock"et*ed , a. (Arch.) Ornamented with crockets.

Crocketing <Xpage=346>

Crock"et*ing , n. (Arch.) Ornamentation with crockets.

Ruskin.

Crocky <Xpage=346>

Crock"y (-?) , a. [From Crock soot.] Smutty.

Crocodile <Xpage=346>

Croc"o*dile (kr?k"?-d?l; 277) , n. [L. crocodilus , Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/: cf. F. crocodile . Cf. Cookatrice .] 1. (Zo\'94l.) A large reptile of the genus Crocodilus , of several species. They grow to the length of sixteen or eighteen feet, and inhabit the large rivers of Africa, Asia, and America. The eggs, laid in the sand, are hatched by the sun's heat. The best known species is that of the Nile ( C. vulgaris , or C. Niloticus ). The Florida crocodile ( C. Americanus ) is much less common than the alligator and has longer jaws. The name is also sometimes applied to the species of other related genera, as the gavial and the alligator.

2. (Logic) A fallacious dilemma, mythically supposed to have been first used by a crocodile.

Crocodile bird (Zo\'94l.) , an African plover ( Pluvianus \'91gypticus ) which alights upon the crocodile and devours its insect parasites, even entering its open mouth (according to reliable writers) in pursuit of files, etc.; -- called also Nile bird . It is the trochilos of ancient writers. -- Crocodile tears , false or affected tears; hypocritical sorrow; -- derived from the fiction of old travelers, that crocodiles shed tears over their prey.

Crocodilia <Xpage=346>

Croc`o*dil"i*a (-d?l"?-?) , n. pl. [NL., fr. L. crocodilus crocodile.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of reptiles including the crocodiles, gavials, alligators, and many extinct kinds.

Crocodilian <Xpage=346>

Croc`o*dil"i*an (kr?k`?-d?l"?-a]/>n) , a. (Zo\'94l.) Like, or pertaining to, the crocodile; characteristic of the crocodile. -- n. One of the Crocodilia.

Crocodility <Xpage=346>

Croc`o*dil"i*ty (-?-t?) , n. (Logic) A caption or sophistical mode of arguing. [R.]

Crocoisite <Xpage=346>

Cro"cois*ite (kr?"kois-?t) , n. [Cf. F. croco<?/se .] (Min.) Same as Crocoite .

Crocoite <Xpage=346>

Cro"co*ite (kr?"k?-?t) , n. [Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ saffron.] (Min.) Lead chromate occuring in crystals of a bright hyacinth red color; -- called also red lead ore .

Croconate <Xpage=346>

Cro"con*ate (kr?"k?n-?t) , n. (Chem.) A salt formed by the union of croconic acid with a base.

Croconic <Xpage=346>

Cro*con"ic (kr?-k?n"?k) , a. [Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ saffron.] 1. Of, pertaining to, or resembling saffron; having the color of saffron; as, croconic acid .

2. Pertaining to, or derived from, croconic acid.

<page="347"> Page 347

Croconic acid (Chem.) , a yellow crystalline substance, C5O3(OH)2 , obtained from potassium carboxide, rhodizonic acid, and various phenol and quinone derivatives of benzene, and forming yellow or orange colored salts.

Crocose <Xpage=347>

Cro"cose (kr?"k?s) , n. [Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ saffron.] (Chem.) A white crystalline sugar, metameric with glucose, obtained from the coloring matter of saffron. [Written also crokose .]

Crocus <Xpage=347>

Cro"cus (kr?"k?s) , n. [L., saffron, fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/; cf. Heb. kark<?/m , Ar. kurkum , Skr. ku<?/kuma .] 1. (Bot.) A genus of iridaceous plants, with pretty blossoms rising separately from the bulb or corm. C. vernus is one of the earliest of spring-blooming flowers; C. sativus produces the saffron, and blossoms in the autumn.

2. (Chem.) A deep yellow powder; the oxide of some metal calcined to a red or deep yellow color; esp., the oxide of iron ( Crocus of Mars or colcothar ) thus produced from salts of irron, and used as a polishing powder.

Crocus of Venus (Old Chem.) , oxide of copper.

Cr\'d2sus <Xpage=347>

Cr\'d2"sus (kr?"s?s) , n. [L., fr. G. <?/<?/<?/<?/.] A king of Lydia who flourished in the 6th century b. c. , and was renowned for his vast wealth; hence, a common appellation for a very rich man; as, he is veritable Cr\'d2sus .

Croft <Xpage=347>

Croft (kr?ft; 115) , n. [AS. croft ; akin to D. kroft hillock; cf. Gael. croit hump, croft.] A small, inclosed field, adjoining a house; a small farm.

A few small crofts of stone-encumbered ground. Wordsworth.

Crofter <Xpage=347>

Croft"er (-?r) , n. One who rents and tills a small farm or helding; as, the crofters of Scotland .

Crefting <Xpage=347>

Creft"ing , n. 1. Croftland. [Scot.]

Jamieson.

2. (Textile Manuf.) Exposing linen to the sun, on the grass, in the process of bleaching.

Croftland <Xpage=347>

Croft"land (-l?nd) , n. Land of superior quality, on which successive crops are raised. [Scot.]

Jamieson.

Crois <Xpage=347>

Crois (krois) . n. [OF.] See Cross , n. [Obs.]

Croisade kroi-sd, Croisado <Xpage=347>

Croi*sade" (kroi-s?d") , Croi*sa"do (-s?"d?) , n. [F. criosade . See Crusade .] A holy war; a crusade. [Obs.]

Bacon.

Croise <Xpage=347>

Croise (krois) , n. [F. crois<?/ crusader, fr. OF. crois , F. croix , cross. See Cross .] 1. A pilgrim bearing or wearing a cross. [Obs.]

2. A crusader. [Obs.]

The conquesta of the croises extending over Palestine. Burke.

Croissante <Xpage=347>

Crois`san`te" (krw?`s?n`t?") , a. [F. croissant , adj. & n. , crescent.] (Her.) Terminated with crescent; -- said of a cross the ends of which are so terminated.

Croker <Xpage=347>

Cro"ker (kr?"k?r) , n. [Gr. <?/<?/<?/ saffron.] A cultivator of saffron; a dealer in saffron. [Obs.]

Holinshed.

Croma <Xpage=347>

Cro"ma (kr?"m?) , n. [It.] (Mus.) A quaver. [Obs.]

Cromlech <Xpage=347>

Crom"lech (kr?m"l\'b5k) , n. [W. cromlech ; crom bending or bent, concave + llech a flat stone; akin to Ir. cromleac .] (Arch<?/ol.) A monument of rough stones composed of one or more large ones supported in a horizontal position upon others. They are found chiefly in countris inhabited by the ancient Celts, and are of a period anterior to the introduction of Christianity into these countries.

Cromorna <Xpage=347>

Cro*mor"na (kr?-m?r"n?) , n. [F. cromorne (cf. It. cromorno 0, fr. G. krummhorn crooked horn, cornet, an organ pipe turned like a trumpet; krumm crooked + horn horn.] (Mus.) A certain reed stop in the organ, of a quality of tone resembling that of the oboe. [Corruptly written cromona .]

Crone <Xpage=347>

Crone (kr?n) , n. [OD. kronie , karonie , an old sheep, OF. carogne , F. charogne , carrion (also F. carogne illnatured woman.). See Carrion , and Crony .] 1. An old ewe. [Obs.]

Tusser.

2. An old woman; -- usually in contempt.

But still the crone was constant to her note. Dryden.

3. An old man; especially, a man who talks and acts like an old woman. [R.]

The old crone [a negro man] lived in a hovel, . . . which his master had given him. W. Irving.

A few old battered crones of office. Beaconsfield.

Cronel <Xpage=347>

Cro"nel (kr?"n?l) , n. [Cf. Coronel spearhead, Crown .] The iron head of a tilting spear.

Cronet <Xpage=347>

Cro"net (kr?"n?t) , n. [Cf. Coronet , Crownet .] The coronet of a horse.

Cronian <Xpage=347>

Cro"ni*an (kr?"n?-a]/>n) , a. [Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ Saturnian, fr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ Saturn.] Saturnian; -- applied to the North Polar Sea. [R.]

Milton.

Cronstedtite <Xpage=347>

Cron"stedt*ite (kr?n"st?t-?t) , n. (Min.) A mineral consisting principally of silicate of iron, and crystallizing in hexagonal prisms with perfect basal cleavage; -- so named from the Swedish mineralogist Cronstedt .

Crony <Xpage=347>

Cro"ny (kr?"n?) , n. ; pl. Cronies (-n<?/z) . [Orig., an old woman. See Crone .] 1. A crone. [Obs.] "Marry not an old crony ."

Burton.

2. An intimate companion; a familiar frend . [Colloq.]

He soon found his former cronies , though all rather the worse for the wear and tear of time. W. Irving.

Croodle <Xpage=347>

Croo"dle (kr??"d'l) , v. i. [Cf. Cruddle , Crudle .] 1. To cower or cuddle together, as from fear or cold; to lie close and snug together, as pigs in straw. [Prov. Eng.]

Wright. Forby.

A dove to fly home her nest and croodle there. C. Kingsley.

2. To fawn or coax. [Obs.]

3. To coo. [Scot.]

Crook <Xpage=347>

Crook (kr??k) , n. [OE. crok ; akin to Icel. kr<?/k hook,bend, SW. krok , Dan. krog , OD. krooke ; or cf. Gael. crecan crook, hook, W. crwca crooked. Cf. Crosier , Crotchet , Crutch , Encroach .] 1. A bend, turn, or curve; curvature; flexure.

Through lanes, and crooks , and darkness. Phaer.

2. Any implement having a bent or crooked end. Especially: (a) The staff used by a shepherd, the hook of which serves to hold a runaway sheep. (b) A bishop's staff of office. Cf. Pastoral stafu .

He left his crook , he left his flocks . Prior.

3. A pothook. "As black as the crook ."

Sir W. Scott.

4. An artifice; trick; tricky device; subterfuge.

For all yuor brags, hooks, and crooks . Cranmer.

5. (Mus.) A small tube, usually curved, applied to a trumpet, horn, etc., to change its pitch or key.

6. A person given to fraudulent practices; an accomplice of thieves, forgers, etc. [Cant, U.S.]

By hook or by crook , in some way or other; by fair means or foul.

Crook <Xpage=347>

Crook (kr??k) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Crooked (kr??kt) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Crooking .] [OE. croken ; cf. Sw. kr<?/ka , Dan. kr<?/ge . See Crook, n. ] 1. To turn from a straight line; to bend; to curve.

Crook the pregnant hinges of the knee. Shak.

2. To turn from the path of rectitude; to pervert; to misapply; to twist. [Archaic]

There is no one thing that crooks youth more than such unlawfull games. Ascham.

What soever affairs pass such a man's hands, he crooketh them to his own ends. Bacon.

Crook <Xpage=347>

Crook , v. i. To bend; to curve; to wind; to have a curvature. " The port . . . crooketh like a bow."

Phaer.

Their shoes and pattens are snouted, and piked more than a finger long, crooking upwards. Camden.

Crookback <Xpage=347>

Crook"back` (kr??k"b?k) , n. A crooked back; one who has a crooked or deformed back; a hunchback.

Crookack <Xpage=347>

Crook"ack` , a. Hunched.

Shak. `

Crookbill <Xpage=347>

Crook"bill` ( -b?l`) , n. (Zo\'94l) A New Zealand plover ( Anarhynchus frontalis ), remarkable for having the end of the beak abruptly bent to the right.

Crooked <Xpage=347>

Crook"ed (kr??k"?d) , a. 1. Characterized by a crook or curve; not straight; turning; bent; twisted; deformed. " Crooked paths."

Locke.

he is deformed, crooked , old, and sere. Shak.

2. Not straightforward; deviating from rectitude; distorted from the right.

They are a perverse and crooked generation. Deut. xxxii. 5.

3. False; dishonest; fraudulent; as, crooked dealings .

Crooked whisky , whisky on wich the paiment of duty has been fraudulently evaded. [Slang, U.S.]

Barlett.

Crookedly <Xpage=347>

Crook"ed*ly , adv. In a curved or crooked manner; in a perverse or untoward manner.

Crookedness <Xpage=347>

Crook"ed*ness , n. The condition or quality of being crooked; hence, deformity of body or of mind; deviation from moral rectitude; perverseness.

Crooken <Xpage=347>

Crook"en (kr??k"'n) , v. t. To make crooked. [Obs.]

Crookes tube <Xpage=347>

Crookes" tube` (kr??ks" t?b`) . (Phys.) A vacuum tube in which the exhaustion is carried to a very high degree, with the production of a distinct class of effects; -- so called from W. Crookes who introduced it.

Croon <Xpage=347>

Croon (kr??n) , v. i. [OE. croinen , cf. D. kreunen to moan. <?/24.] 1. To make a continuous hollow moan, as cattle do when in pain. [Scot.]

Jamieson.

2. To hum or sing in a low tone; to murmur softly.

Here an old grandmother was crooning over a sick child, and rocking it to and fro. Dickens.

Croon <Xpage=347>

Croon , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Crooned (kr??nd) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Crooning .] 1. To sing in a low tone, as if to one's self; to hum.

Hearing such stanzas crooned in her praise. C. Bront<?/.

2. To soothe by singing softly.

The fragment of the childish hymn with which he sung and crooned himself asleep. Dickens.

Croon <Xpage=347>

Croon , n. 1. A low, continued moan; a murmur.

2. A low singing; a plain, artless melody.