Chapter 358

Craft"i*ness (kr?ft"?-n?s) , n. Dexterity in devising and effecting a purpose; cunning; artifice; stratagem.

He taketh the wise in their own craftiness . Job. v. 13.

Craftless <Xpage=339>

Craft"less (-l?s) , a. Without craft or cunning.

Helpless, craftless , and innocent people. Jer. Taylor.

Craftsman <Xpage=339>

Crafts"man (kr?fts"m a n) , n. ; pl. Craftsmen (-m e n) . One skilled in some trade or manual occupation; an artificer; a mechanic.

Craftsmanship <Xpage=339>

Crafts"man*ship , n. The work of a craftsman.

Craftsmaster <Xpage=339>

Crafts"mas`ter (-m?s`t?r) , n. One skilled in his craft or trade; one of superior cunning.

In cunning persuasion his craftsmaster . Holland.

Crafty <Xpage=339>

Craft"y (kr?ft"?) , a. [AS. cr<?/ftig .] 1. Relating to, or characterized by, craft or skill; dexterous. [Obs.] " Crafty work."

Piers Plowman.

2. Possessing dexterity; skilled; skillful.

A noble crafty man of trees. Wyclif.

3. Skillful at deceiving others; characterized by craft; cunning; wily. "A pair of crafty knaves."

Shak.

With anxious care and crafty wiles. J. Baillie.

Syn. -- Skillful; dexterous; cunning; artful; wily; <?/ly; fraudulent; deceitful; subtle; shrewd. See Cunning .

Crag <Xpage=339>

Crag (kr?g) , n. [W. craig ; akin to Gael. creag , Corn. karak , Armor. karrek .] 1. A steep, rugged rock; a cough, broken cliff, or point of a rock, on a ledge.

From crag to crag the signal fiew. Sir W. Scott.

2. (Geol.) A partially compacted bed of gravel mixed with shells, of the Tertiary age.

Crag <Xpage=339>

Crag , n. [A form of craw : cf. D. kraag neck, collar, G. kragen . See Craw .] 1. The neck or throat [Obs.]

And bear the crag so stiff and so state. Spenser.

2. The neck piece or scrag of mutton.

Johnson.

Cragged <Xpage=339>

Crag"ged (-g?d) , a. Full of crags, or steep, broken <?/<?/cks; abounding with prominences, points, and inequalities; rough; rugged.

Into its cragged rents descend. J. Baillie.

Cradgedness <Xpage=339>

Crad"ged*ness , n. The quality or state of being cragged; cragginess.

Cragginess <Xpage=339>

Crag"gi*ness (-g?-n?s) , n. The state of being craggy.

Craggy <Xpage=339>

Crag"gy (kr?g"g?) , a. Full of crags; rugged with projecting points of rocks; as, the craggy side of a mountain . "The craggy ledge."

Tennyson.

Cragsman <Xpage=339>

Crags"man (kr?gz"m a n) , n. ; pl. Cragsmen (-m e n) . One accustomed to climb rocks or crags; esp., one who makes a business of climbing the cliffs overhanging the sea to get the eggs of sea birds or the birds themselves.

Craie <Xpage=339>

Craie (kr?) , n. See Crare . [Obs.]

Craig flounder <Xpage=339>

Craig" floun`der (kr?g" floun`d?r) . [Scot. craig a rock. See 1st Crag .] (Zo\'94l.) The pole flounder.

Crail <Xpage=339>

Crail (kr?l) ,, n. [See Creel .] A creel or osier basket.

Crake <Xpage=339>

Crake (kr?k) , v. t. & i. [See Crack .] 1. To cry out harshly and loudly, like the bird called crake .

2. To boast; to speak loudly and boastfully. [Obs.]

Each man may crake of that which was his own. Mir. for Mag.

Crake <Xpage=339>

Crake , n. A boast. See Crack , n. [Obs.]

Spenser.

Crake <Xpage=339>

Crake , n. [Cf. Icel. kr<?/ka crow, kr<?/kr raven, Sw. kr<?/ka , Dan. krage ; perh. of imitative origin. Cf. Crow .] (Zo\'94l.) Any species or rail of the genera Crex and Porzana; -- so called from its singular cry. See Corncrake .

Crakeberry <Xpage=339>

Crake"ber`ry (-b?r`r?) , n. (Bot.) See Crowberry .

Craker <Xpage=339>

Crak"er (kr?k"?r) , n. One who boasts; a braggart. [Obs.]

Old Play.

Cram <Xpage=339>

Cram (kr?m) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Crammed (kr?md) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Cramming .] [AS. crammian to cram; akin to Icel. kremia to squeeze, bruise, Sw. krama to press. Cf. Cramp .] 1. To press, force, or drive, particularly in filling, or in thrustung one thing into another; to stuff; to crowd; to fill to superfluity; as, to cram anything into a basket; to cram a room with people.

Their storehouses crammed with grain. Shak.

He will cram his brass down our throats. Swift.

2. To fill with food to satiety; to stuff.

Children would be freer from disease if they were not crammed so much as they are by fond mothers. Locke.

Cram us with praise, and make us As fat as tame things. Shak.

3. To put hastily through an extensive course of memorizing or study, as in preparation for an examination; as, a pupil is crammed by his tutor .

Cram <Xpage=339>

Cram , v. i. 1. To eat greedly, and to satiety; to stuff.

Gluttony . . . . Cr<?/ms , and blasphemes his feeder. Milton.

2. To make crude preparation for a special occasion, as an examination, by a hasty and extensive course of memorizing or study. [Colloq.]

Cram <Xpage=339>

Cram , n. 1. The act of cramming.

2. Innformation hastily memorized; as. a cram from an examination. [Colloq.]

3. (Weaving) A warp having more than two threads passing through each dent or split of the reed.

Crambe <Xpage=339>

Cram"be (-b?) , n. [Cf. Cramp , a. , difficult.] 1. A game in which one person gives a word, to which another finds a rhyme.

I saw in one corner . . . a cluster of men and women,diverting themselves with a game at crambo . I heard several double rhymes . . . which raised a great deal of mirth. Addison.

2. A werd rhyming with another word.

His similes in order set And every crambo he could get. Swift.

Dumb crambo , a game in which one party of players give a word which rhymes with another, which last to be guessed by the opposing party, who represent in dumb show what they think it to be.

Crammer <Xpage=339>

Cram"mer (kr?m"m?r) , n. One who crams; esp., one who prepares a pupil hastily for an exxamination, or a pupil who is thus prepared.

Dickens.

Cramoisie Cramoisy <Xpage=339>

Cra*moi"sie Cra*moi"sy (kr?-moi"z?) , a. [F. cramoisi crimson. See Crimson .] Crimson. [Obs.]

A splendid seignior, magnificent in cramoisy velevet. Motley.

Cramp <Xpage=339>

Cramp (kr?mp) , n. [OE. crampe , craumpe ; akin to D. & Sw. kramp , Dan. krampe , G. krampf (whence F. crampe ), Icel. krappr strait, narrow, and to E. crimp , crumple ; cf. cram . See Grape .] 1. That which confines or contracts; a restraint; a shakle; a hindrance.

A narrow fortune is a cramp to a great mind. L'Estrange.

Crippling his pleasures with the cramp of fear. Cowper.

2. (Masonry) A device, usually of iron bent at the ends, used to hold together blocks of stone, timbers, etc.; a cramp iron.

3. (Carp.) A rectangular frame, with a tightening screw, used for compressing the jionts of framework, etc.

4. A piece of wood having a curve corresponding to that of the upper part of the instep, on which the upper leather of a boot is stretched to give it the requisite shape.

5. (Med.) A spasmodic and painful involuntary contraction of a muscle or muscles, as of the leg.

The cramp , divers nights, gripeth him in his legs. Sir T. More.

Cramp bone , the patella of a sheep; -- formerly used as a charm for the cramp. Halliwell . "He could turn cramp bones into chess men." Dickens . -- Cramp ring , a ring formerly supposed to have virtue in averting or curing cramp, as having been consecrated by one of the kings of England on Good Friday.

Cramp <Xpage=339>

Cramp , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Cramped (kr<?/mt; 215); p. pr. & vb. n. Cramping .] 1. To compress; to restrain from free action; to confine and contract; to hinder.

The mind my be as much cramped by too much knowledge as by ignorance. Layard.

2. To fasten or hold with, or as with, a cramp.

3. Hence, to bind together; to unite.

The . . . fabric of universal justic is well cramped and bolted together in all its parts. Burke.

4. To form on a cramp; as, to cramp boot legs .

5. To afflict with cramp.

When the gout cramps my joints. Ford.

To cramp the wheels of wagon , to turn the front wheels out of line with the hind wheels, so that one of them shall be against the body of the wagon.

Cramp <Xpage=339>

Cramp , a. [See Cramp , n. ] Knotty; difficult. [R.]

Care being taken not to add any of the cramp reasons for this opinion. Coleridge.

Crampet <Xpage=339>

Cram"pet (kr?m"p?t) , n. [See Cramp , n. ] (Mil.) A cramp iron or cramp ring; a chape, as of a scabbard. [Written also crampit and crampette .]

Crampfish <Xpage=339>

Cramp"fish` (kr?mp"f?sh`) , n. (Zo\'94l.) The torpedo, or electric ray, the touch of which gives an electric shock. See Electric fish , and Torpedo .

Cramp iron <Xpage=339>

Cramp" i`ron (?`rn) . See Cramp , n. , 2.

Crampit <Xpage=339>

Cram"pit (kr?m"p?t) , n. (Mil.) See Crampet .

Crampon <Xpage=339>

Cram"pon (kr?m"p?n) , n. [F. See Crampoons .] (Bot.) An a<?/rial rootlet for support in climbing, as of ivy.

Cramponee <Xpage=339>

Cram`po*nee" (kr?m`p?-n?") , a. [F. cramponn<?/ . See Crampoons .] (Her.) Having a cramp or square piece at the end; -- said of a cross so furnished.

Crampoons <Xpage=339>

Cram*poons" (kr?m-p??nz") , n. pl. [F. crampon , fr. OHG. chramph crooked; akin to G. krampf cramp. See Cramp , n. , and cf. Crampon .] 1. A clutch formed of hooked pieces of iron, like double calipers, for raising stones, lumber, blocks of ice, etc.

2. Iron insruments with sharp points, worn on the shoes to assist in gaining or keeping a foothold.

Crampy <Xpage=339>

Cramp"y (kr?mp"?) , 1. Affected with cramp.

2. Productive of, or abounding in, cramps. "This crampy country."

Howitt.

Cran krn, Crane <Xpage=339>

Cran (kr?n) , Crane (kr?n) , n. [Scot., fr. Gael. crann .] A measure for fresh herrings, -- as many as will fill a barrel. [Scot.]

H. Miller.

Cranage <Xpage=339>

Cran"age (kr?n"?j) , n. [See Crane .] 1. The liberty of using a crane, as for loading and unloading vessels.

2. The money or price paid for the use of a crane.

Cranberry <Xpage=339>

Cran"ber*ry (kr?n"b?r-r?) , n. ; pl. Cranberries (-r<?/z). [So named from its fruit being ripe in the spring when the cranes return. Dr. Prior .] (Bot.) A red, acid berry, much used for making sauce, etc.; also, the plant producing it (several species of Vaccinum or Oxycoccus .) The high cranberry or cranberry tree is a species of Viburnum ( V. Opulus ), and the other is sometimes called low cranberry or marsh cranberry to distinguish it.

Cranch <Xpage=339>

Cranch (kr?nch) , v. t. See Craunch .

Crane <Xpage=339>

Crane (kr?n) , n. [AS. cran ; akin to D. & LG. craan , G. kranich , krahn (this in sense 2), Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/, L. grus , W. & Armor. garan , OSlav. zerav<?/ , Lith. gerve , Icel. trani , Sw. trana , Dan. trane . <?/24. Cf. Geranium .] 1. (Zo\'94l.) A wading bird of the genus Grus , and allied genera, of various species, having a long, straight bill, and long legs and neck.

&hand; The common European crane is Grus cinerea . The sand-hill crane ( G. Mexicana ) and the whooping crane ( G. Americana ) are large American species. The Balearic or crowned crane is Balearica pavonina . The name is sometimes erroneously applied to the herons and cormorants.

2. A machine for raising and lowering heavy weights, and, while holding them suspended, transporting them through a limited lateral distance. In one form it consists of a projecting arm or jib of timber or iron, a rotating post or base, and the necessary tackle, windlass, etc.; -- so called from a fancied similarity between its arm and the neck of a crane See Illust . Of Derrick .

3. An iron arm with horizontal motion, attached to the side or back of a fireplace, for supporting kettles, etc., over a fire.

4. A siphon, or bent pipe, for drawing liquors out of a cask.

5. (Naut.) A forked post or projecting bracket to support spars, etc., -- generally used in pairs. See Crotch , 2.

Crane fly (Zo\'94l.) , a dipterous insect with long legs, of the genus Tipula . -- Derrick crane . See Derrick . -- Gigantic crane . (Zo\'94l.) See Adjutant , n. , 3. -- Traveling crane , Traveler crane , Traversing crane (Mach.) , a crane mounted on wheels; esp., an overhead crane consisting of a crab or other hoisting apparatus traveling on rails or beams fixed overhead, as in a machine shop or foundry. -- Water crane , a kind of hydrant with a long swinging spout, for filling locomotive tenders, water carts, etc., with water.

Crane <Xpage=339>

Crane (kr?n) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Craned (kr?nd) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Craning .] 1. To cause to rise; to raise or lift, as by a crane; -- with up . [R.]

What engines, what instruments are used in craning up a soul, sunk below the center, to the highest heavens. Bates.

An upstart craned up to the height he has. Massinger.

2. To stretch, as a crane stretches its neck; as, to crane the neck disdainfully .

G. Eliot.

crane <Xpage=339>

crane , v. i. to reach forward with head and neck, in order to see better; as, a hunter cranes forward before taking a leap .

Beaconsfield. Thackeray.

The passengers eagerly craning forward over the bulwarks. Howells.

Crane's-bill <Xpage=339>

Crane's"-bill` (kr?nz"b?l`) , n. 1. (Bot.) The geranium; -- so named from the long axis of the fruit, which resembles the beak of a crane.

Dr. Prior.

2. (Surg.) A pair of long-beaked forceps.

Crang <Xpage=339>

Crang (kr?ng) , n. See Krang .

Crania <Xpage=339>

Cra"ni*a (kr?"n?-?) , n. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of living Brachiopoda; -- so called from its fancied resemblance to the cranium or skull.

Cranial <Xpage=339>

Cra"ni*al (kr?"n?-a]/>l) , a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the cranium.

Cranioclasm <Xpage=339>

Cra"ni*o*clasm (kr?"n?-?-kl?z'm) , n. [ Cranium + Gr. <?/<?/<?/ to break.] (Med.) The crushing of a child's head, as with the cranioclast or craniotomy forceps in cases of very difficult delivery.

Dunglison.

Cranioclast <Xpage=339>

Cra"ni*o*clast (-kl?st) , n. (Med.) An instrument for crushing the head of a fetus, to facilitate delivery in difficult eases.

Craniofacial <Xpage=339>

Cra`ni*o*fa"cial (-f?"sh a l) , a. Of or pertaining to the cranium and face; as, the craniofacial angle .

Craniognomy <Xpage=339>

Cra`ni*og"no*my (-?g"n?-m?) , n. [ Cranium + Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/. to know.] The science of the form and characteristics of the skull. [R.]

Craniological <Xpage=339>

Cra`ni*o*log"ic*al (-?-l?j"?-k a l) , a. Of or pertaining to craniology.

Craniologist <Xpage=339>

Cra`ni*ol"o*gist (-?l"?-j?st) , n. One proficient in craniology; a phrenologist.

Craniology <Xpage=339>

Cra`ni*ol"o*gy (-j?) , n. [ Cranium + -logy .] The department of science (as of ethnology or arch\'91ology) which deals with the shape, size, proportions, indications, etc., of skulls; the study of skulls.

Craniometer <Xpage=339>

Cra`ni*om"e*ter (kr?`n?-?m"?-t?r) , n. [ Cranium + -meter .] An instrument for measuring the size of skulls.

Craniometric --mtrk, Craniometrical <Xpage=339>

Cra`ni*o*met"ric (-?-m?t"r?k) , Cra`ni*o*met"ric*al (-r?-k a l) , a. Pertaining to craniometry.

Craniometry <Xpage=339>

Cra`ni*om"e*try (kr?`n?-?m"?-tr?) , n. The art or act of measuring skulls.

Cranioscopist <Xpage=339>

Cra`ni*os"co*pist (kr?`n?-?s"k?-p?st) , n. One skilled in, or who practices, cranioscopy.

It was found of equal dimension in a literary man whose skull puzzied the cranioscopists . Coleridge.

Cranioscopy <Xpage=339>

Cra`ni*os"co*py (-p?) , n. [ Cranium + -scopy .] Scientific examination of the cranium.

Craniota <Xpage=339>

Cra`ni*o"ta (kr?`n?-?t?) , n. pl. [NL., fr. cranium .] (Zo\'94l.) A comprehensive division of the Vertebrata, including all those that have a skull.

Craniotomy <Xpage=339>

Cra`ni*ot"o*my (kr?`n?-?t"?-m?) , n. [ Cranium + Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ to cut off.] (Med.) The operation of opening the fetal head, in order to effect delivery.

Cranium <Xpage=339>

Cra"ni*um (kr?"n?-?m) , n. ; pl. E. Craniums (-<?/mz), L. Crania (-<?/) . [NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/; akin to <?/<?/<?/ head.] The skull of an animal; especially, that part of the skull, either cartilaginous or bony, which immediately incloses the brain; the brain case or brainpan. See Skull .

Crank <Xpage=339>

Crank (kr?nk) , n. [OE. cranke ; akin to E. cringe , cringle , crinkle , and to crank , a. , the root meaning, probably, "to turn, twist." See Cringe .] 1. (Mach.) A bent portion of an axle, or shaft, or an arm keyed at right angles to the end of a shaft, by which motion is imparted to or received from it; also used to change circular into reciprocating motion, or reciprocating into circular motion. See Bell crank .

2. Any bend, turn, or winding, as of a passage.