Chapter 35

That which was the worst now least afflicts me. Milton.

3. To make low or humble. [Obs.]

Spenser.

Men are apt to prefer a prosperous error before an afflicted truth. Jer. Taylor.

Syn. -- To trouble; grieve; pain; distress; harass; torment; wound; hurt.

Afflict <Xpage=29>

Af*flict" , p. p. & a. [L. afflictus , p. p.] Afflicted. [Obs.]

Becon.

Afflictedness <Xpage=29>

Af*flict"ed*ness , n. The state of being afflicted; affliction. [Obs.]

Bp. Hall.

Afflicter <Xpage=29>

Af*flict"er (#) , n. One who afflicts.

Afflicting <Xpage=29>

Af*flict"ing , a. Grievously painful; distressing; afflictive; as, an afflicting event . -- Af*flict"ing*ly, adv .

Affliction <Xpage=29>

Af*flic"tion (#) , n. [F. affliction , L. afflictio , fr. affligere .] 1. The cause of continued pain of body or mind, as sickness, losses, etc.; an instance of grievous distress; a pain or grief.

To repay that money will be a biting affliction . Shak.

2. The state of being afflicted; a state of pain, distress, or grief.

Some virtues are seen only in affliction . Addison.

Syn. -- Calamity; sorrow; distress; grief; pain; adversity; misery; wretchedness; misfortune; trouble; hardship. -- Affliction , Sorrow , Grief , Distress . Affliction and sorrow are terms of wide and general application; grief and distress have reference to particular cases. Affliction is the stronger term. The suffering lies deeper in the soul, and usually arises from some powerful cause, such as the loss of what is most dear -- friends, health, etc. We do not speak of mere sickness or pain as "an affliction," though one who suffers from either is said to be afflicted ; but deprivations of every kind, such as deafness, blindness, loss of limbs, etc., are called afflictions , showing that term applies particularly to prolonged sources of suffering. Sorrow and grief are much alike in meaning, but grief is the stronger term of the two, usually denoting poignant mental suffering for some definite cause, as, grief for the death of a dear friend; sorrow is more reflective, and is tinged with regret, as, the misconduct of a child is looked upon with sorrow . Grief is often violent and demonstrative; sorrow deep and brooding. Distress implies extreme suffering, either bodily or mental. In its higher stages, it denotes pain of a restless, agitating kind, and almost always supposes some struggle of mind or body. Affliction is allayed, grief subsides, sorrow is soothed, distress is mitigated.

Afflictionless <Xpage=29>

Af*flic"tion*less (#) , a. Free from affliction.

Afflictive <Xpage=29>

Af*flic"tive (#) , a. [Cf. F. afflictif .] Giving pain; causing continued or repeated pain or grief; distressing. "Jove's afflictive hand."

Pope.

Spreads slow disease, and darts afflictive pain. Prior.

Afflictively <Xpage=29>

Af*flic"tive*ly , adv. In an afflictive manner.

Affluence <Xpage=29>

Af"flu*ence (#) , n. [F. affluence , L. affluentia , fr. affluens , p. pr. of affluere to flow to; ad + fluere to flow. See Flux .] 1. A flowing to or towards; a concourse; an influx.

The affluence of young nobles from hence into Spain. Wotton.

There is an unusual affluence of strangers this year. Carlyle.

2. An abundant supply, as of thought, words, feelings, etc.; profusion; also, abundance of property; wealth.

And old age of elegance, affluence , and ease. Coldsmith.

Syn. -- Abundance; riches; profusion; exuberance; plenty; wealth; opulence.

Affluency <Xpage=29>

Af"flu*en*cy (#) , n. Affluence. [Obs.]

Addison.

Affluent <Xpage=29>

Af"flu*ent (#) , a. [Cf. F. affluent , L. affluens , -entis , p. pr. See Affluence .] 1. Flowing to; flowing abundantly. " Affluent blood."

Harvey.

2. Abundant; copious; plenteous; hence, wealthy; abounding in goods or riches.

Language . . . affluent in expression. H. Reed.

Loaded and blest with all the affluent store, Which human vows at smoking shrines implore. Prior.

Affluent <Xpage=29>

Af"flu*ent , n. A stream or river flowing into a larger river or into a lake; a tributary stream.

Affluently <Xpage=29>

Af"flu*ent*ly , adv. Abundantly; copiously.

Affluentness <Xpage=29>

Af*flu*ent*ness , n. Great plenty. [R.]

Afflux <Xpage=29>

Af"flux` (#) , n. [L. affluxum , p. p. of affluere : cf. F. afflux . See Affluence .] A flowing towards; that which flows to; as, an afflux of blood to the head .

Affluxion <Xpage=29>

Af*flux"ion (#) , n. The act of flowing towards; afflux.

Sir T. Browne.

Affodill <Xpage=29>

Af"fo*dill (#) , n. Asphodel. [Obs.]

Afforce <Xpage=29>

Af*force" (#) , v. t. [OF. afforcier , LL. affortiare ; ad + fortiare , fr. L. fortis strong.] To re\'89nforce; to strengthen.

Hallam.

Afforcement <Xpage=29>

Af*force"ment (#) , n. [OF.] 1. A fortress; a fortification for defense. [Obs.]

Bailey.

2. A re\'89nforcement; a strengthening.

Hallam.

Afforciament <Xpage=29>

Af*for"ci*a*ment (#) , n. See Afforcement . [Obs.]

Afford <Xpage=29>

Af*ford" (#) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Afforded ; p. pr. & vb. n. Affording .] [OE. aforthen , AS. gefor<?/ian , for<?/ian , to further, accomplish, afford, fr. for<?/ forth, forward. The prefix ge- has no well defined sense. See Forth .] 1. To give forth; to supply, yield, or produce as the natural result, fruit, or issue; as, grapes afford wine; olives afford oil; the earth affords fruit; the sea affords an abundant supply of fish.

2. To give, grant, or confer, with a remoter reference to its being the natural result; to provide; to furnish; as, a good life affords consolation in old age .

His tuneful Muse affords the sweetest numbers. Addison.

The quiet lanes . . . afford calmer retreats. Gilpin.

3. To offer, provide, or supply, as in selling, granting, expending, with profit, or without loss or too great injury; as, A affords his goods cheaper than B; a man can afford a sum yearly in charity.

4. To incur, stand, or bear without serious detriment, as an act which might under other circumstances be injurious; -- with an auxiliary, as can , could , might , etc.; to be able or rich enough.

The merchant can afford to trade for smaller profits. Hamilton.

He could afford to suffer With those whom he saw suffer. Wordsworth.

Affordable <Xpage=29>

Af*ford"a*ble (#) , a. That may be afforded.

Affordment <Xpage=29>

Af*ford"ment (#) , n. Anything given as a help; bestowal. [Obs.]

Afforest <Xpage=29>

Af*for"est (#) , v. t. [LL. afforestare ; ad + forestare . See Forest .] To convert into a forest; as, to afforest a tract of country .

Afforestation <Xpage=29>

Af*for`es*ta"tion (#) , n. The act of converting into forest or woodland.

Blackstone.

Afformative <Xpage=29>

Af*form"a*tive (#) , n. An affix.

Affranchise <Xpage=29>

Af*fran"chise (#) , v. t. [F. affranchir ; <?/ (L. ad ) + franc free. See Franchise and Frank .] To make free; to enfranchise.

Johnson.

Affranchisement <Xpage=29>

Af*fran"chise*ment (#) , n. [Cf. F. affranchissement .] The act of making free; enfranchisement. [R.]

Affrap <Xpage=29>

Af*frap" (#) , v. t. & i. [Cf. It. affrappare , frappare , to cut, mince, F. frapper to strike. See Frap .] To strike, or strike down. [Obs.]

Spenser.

Affray <Xpage=29>

Af*fray" (#) , v. t. [ p. p. Affrayed .] [OE. afraien , affraien , OF. effreer , esfreer , F. effrayer , orig. to disquiet, put out of peace, fr. L. ex + OHG. fridu peace (akin to E. free ). Cf. Afraid , Fray , Frith inclosure.] [Archaic] 1. To startle from quiet; to alarm.

Smale foules a great heap That had afrayed [affrayed] me out of my sleep. Chaucer.

2. To frighten; to scare; to frighten away.

That voice doth us affray . Shak.

Affray <Xpage=29>

Af*fray" (#) , n. [OE. afrai , affrai , OF. esfrei , F. effroi , fr. OF. esfreer . See Affray , v. t. ] 1. The act of suddenly disturbing any one; an assault or attack. [Obs.]

2. Alarm; terror; fright. [Obs.]

Spenser.

3. A tumultuous assault or quarrel; a brawl; a fray. "In the very midst of the affray ."

Motley.

4. (Law) The fighting of two or more persons, in a public place, to the terror of others.

Blackstone.

&hand; A fighting in private is not, in a legal sense, an affray .

Syn. -- Quarrel; brawl; scuffle; encounter; fight; contest; feud; tumult; disturbance.

Affrayer <Xpage=29>

Af*fray"er (#) , n. One engaged in an affray.

Affrayment <Xpage=29>

Af*fray"ment (#) , n. Affray. [Obs.]

Spenser.

Affreight <Xpage=29>

Af*freight" (#) , v. t. [Pref. ad- + freight : cf. F. affr\'82ter . See Freight .] To hire, as a ship, for the transportation of goods or freight.

Affreighter <Xpage=29>

Af*freight"er (#) , n. One who hires or charters a ship to convey goods.

Affreightment <Xpage=29>

Af*freight"ment (#) , n. [Cf. F. affr\'82tement .] The act of hiring, or the contract for the use of, a vessel, or some part of it, to convey cargo.

Affret <Xpage=29>

Af*fret" (#) , n. [Cf. It. affrettare to hasten, fretta haste.] A furious onset or attack. [Obs.]

Spenser.

Affriction <Xpage=29>

Af*fric"tion (#) , n. [L. affricare to rub on. See Friction .] The act of rubbing against. [Obs.]

Affriended <Xpage=29>

Af*friend"ed (#) , p. p. Made friends; reconciled. [Obs.] "Deadly foes . . . affriended ."

Spenser.

Affright <Xpage=29>

Af*fright" (#) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Affrighted ; p. pr. & vb. n. Affrighting .] [Orig. p. p.; OE. afright , AS. \'befyrhtan to terrify; \'be- (cf. Goth. us- , Ger. er- , orig. meaning out ) + fyrhto fright. See Fright .] To impress with sudden fear; to frighten; to alarm.

Dreams affright our souls. Shak.

A drear and dying sound Affrights the flamens at their service quaint. Milton.

Syn. -- To terrify; frighten; alarm; dismay; appall; scare; startle; daunt; intimidate.

Affright <Xpage=29>

Af*fright" , p. a. Affrighted. [Obs.]

Chaucer.

Affright <Xpage=29>

Af*fright" , n. 1. Sudden and great fear; terror. It expresses a stronger impression than fear , or apprehension , perhaps less than terror .

He looks behind him with affright , and forward with despair. Goldsmith.

2. The act of frightening; also, a cause of terror; an object of dread.

B. Jonson.

Affrightedly <Xpage=29>

Af*fright"ed*ly , adv. With fright.

Drayton.

Affrighten <Xpage=29>

Af*fright"en (#) , v. t. To frighten. [Archaic] "Fit tales . . . to affrighten babes."

Southey.

Affrighter <Xpage=29>

Af*fright"er (#) , n. One who frightens. [Archaic]

Affrightful <Xpage=29>

Af*fright"ful (#) , a. Terrifying; frightful. -- Af*fright"ful*ly , adv. [Archaic]

Bugbears or affrightful apparitions. Cudworth.

Affrightment <Xpage=29>

Af*fright"ment (#) , n. Affright; the state of being frightened; sudden fear or alarm. [Archaic]

Passionate words or blows . . . fill the child's mind with terror and affrightment . Locke.

Affront <Xpage=29>

Af*front" (#) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Affronted ; p. pr. & vb. n. Affronting .] [OF. afronter , F. affronter , to confront, LL. affrontare to strike against, fr. L. ad + frons forehead, front. See Front .] 1. To front; to face in position; to meet or encounter face to face. [Obs.]

All the sea-coasts do affront the Levant. Holland.

That he, as 't were by accident, may here Affront Ophelia. Shak.

2. To face in defiance; to confront; as, to confront; as, to affront death ; hence, to meet in hostile encounter. [Archaic]

3. To offend by some manifestation of disrespect; to insult to the face by demeanor or language; to treat with marked incivility.

How can any one imagine that the fathers would have dared to affront the wife of Aurelius? Addison.

Syn. -- TO insult; abuse; outrage; wound; illtreat; slight; defy; offend; provoke; pique; nettle.

Affront <Xpage=29>

Af*front" , n. [Cf. F. affront , fr. affronter .] 1. An encounter either friendly or hostile. [Obs.]

I walked about, admired of all, and dreaded On hostile ground, none daring my affront . Milton.

2. Contemptuous or rude treatment which excites or justifies resentment; marked disrespect; a purposed indignity; insult.

Offering an affront to our understanding. Addison.

3. An offense to one's self-respect; shame.

Arbuthnot.

Syn. -- Affront , Insult , Outrage . An affront is a designed mark of disrespect, usually in the presence of others. An insult is a personal attack either by words or actions, designed to humiliate or degrade. An outrage is an act of extreme and violent insult or abuse. An affront piques and mortifies; an insult irritates and provokes; an outrage wounds and injures.

Captious persons construe every innocent freedom into an affront . When people are in a state of animosity, they seek opportunities of offering each other insults . Intoxication or violent passion impels men to the commission of outrages . Crabb.

Affront\'82 <Xpage=29>

Af*fron*t\'82" (#) , a. [F. affront\'82 , p. p.] (Her.) Face to face, or front to front; facing.

Affrontedly <Xpage=29>

Af*front"ed*ly (#) , adv. Shamelessly. [Obs.]

Bacon.

Affrontee <Xpage=29>

Af*fron*tee" , n. One who receives an affront.

Lytton.

Affronter <Xpage=29>

Af*front"er (#) , n. One who affronts, or insults to the face.

Affrontingly <Xpage=29>

Af*front"ing*ly , adv. In an affronting manner.

Affrontive <Xpage=29>

Af*front"ive (#) , a. Tending to affront or offend; offensive; abusive.

How affrontive it is to despise mercy. South.

<page="30"> Page 30

Affrontiveness <Xpage=30>

Af*front"ive*ness (#) , n. The quality that gives an affront or offense. [R.]

Bailey.

Affuse <Xpage=30>

Af*fuse" (#) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Affused (#) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Affusing (#) .] [L. affusus , p. p. of affundere to pour to; ad + fundere . See Fuse .] To pour out or upon. [R.]

I first affused water upon the compressed beans. Boyle.

Affusion <Xpage=30>

Af*fu"sion (#) , n. [Cf. F. affusion .] The act of pouring upon, or sprinkling with a liquid, as water upon a child in baptism. Specifically: (Med) The act of pouring water or other fluid on the whole or a part of the body, as a remedy in disease.

Dunglison.

Affy <Xpage=30>

Af*fy" (#) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Affied (#) ; p. pr. Affying .] [OF. afier , LL. affidare . Cf. Affiance .] 1. To confide (one's self to , or in ); to trust. [Obs.]

2. To betroth or espouse; to affiance. [Obs.]

Shak.

3. To bind in faith. [Obs.]

Bp. Montagu.

Affy <Xpage=30>

Af*fy" , v. i. To trust or confide. [Obs.]

Shak.

Afghan <Xpage=30>

Af"ghan (#) , a. Of or pertaining to Afghanistan.

Afghan <Xpage=30>

Af"ghan , n. 1. A native of Afghanistan.

2. A kind of worsted blanket or wrap.

Afield <Xpage=30>

A*field" (#) , adv. [Pref. a- + field .] 1. To, in, or on the field. "We drove afield ."

Milton.

How jocund did they drive their team afield ! Gray.

2. Out of the way; astray.

Why should he wander afield at the age of fifty-five! Trollope.

Afire <Xpage=30>

A*fire" (#) , adv. & a. [Pref. a- + fire .] On fire.

Aflame <Xpage=30>

A*flame" (#) , adv. & a. [Pref. a- + flame .] Inflames; glowing with light or passion; ablaze.

G. Eliot.

Aflat <Xpage=30>

A*flat" (#) , adv. [Pref. a- + flat .] Level with the ground; flat. [Obs.]

Bacon.

Aflaunt <Xpage=30>

A*flaunt" (#) , adv. & a. [Pref. a- + flaunt .] In a flaunting state or position.

Copley.

Aflicker <Xpage=30>

A*flick"er (#) , adv. & a. [Pref. a- + flicker .] In a flickering state.

Afloat <Xpage=30>

A*float" (#) , adv. & a. [Pref. a- + float .] 1. Borne on the water; floating; on board ship.

On such a full sea are we now afloat . Shak.

2. Moving; passing from place to place; in general circulation; as, a rumor is afloat .

3. Unfixed; moving without guide or control; adrift; as, our affairs are all afloat .

Aflow <Xpage=30>

A*flow" (#) , adv. & a. [Pref. a- + flow .] Flowing.

Their founts aflow with tears. R. Browning.

Aflush <Xpage=30>