Chapter 334

3. (Mil.) An irregular and arbitrary imposition or tax leved on the people of a town or country.

These sums, . . . and the forced contributions paid by luckless peasants, enabled him to keep his straggling troops together. Motley.

4. (Law) Payment, by each of several jointly liable, of a share in a loss suffered or an amount paid by one of their number for the common benefit.

Contributional <Xpage=316>

Con`tri*bu"tion*al (?) , a. Pertaining to, or furnishing, a contribution.

Contributive <Xpage=316>

Con*trib"u*tive (?) , a. Contributing, or tending to contribute.

Fuller.

Contributer <Xpage=316>

Con*trib"u*ter (?) , n. One who, or that which, contributes; specifically, one who writes articles for a newspaper or magazine.

Contributory <Xpage=316>

Con*trib"u*to*ry (?) , a. Contributing to the same stock or purpose; promoting the same end; bringing assistance to some joint design, or increase to some common stock; contributive.

Milton.

Bonfires of contributory wood. Chapman.

Contributory negligence (Law) , negligence by an injured party, which combines with the negligence of the injurer in producing the injury, and which bars recovery when it is the proximate cause of the injury.

Wharton.

Contributory <Xpage=316>

Con*trib"u*to*ry , n. ; pl. Contributories (<?/) . One who contributes, or is liable to be called upon to contribute, as toward the discharge of a common indebtedness.

Abbott.

Contrist <Xpage=316>

Con*trist" (?) , v. t. [Cf. F. contrister . See Contristate .] To make sad. [Obs.]

To deject and contrist myself. Sterne.

Contristate <Xpage=316>

Con*tris"tate (?) , v. t. & i. [L. contristatus , p.p. of contristare to sadden; con- + tristis sad.] To make sorrowful. [Obs.]

Bacon.

Contrite <Xpage=316>

Con"trite (?; 277) , a. [L. contritus bruised, p. p. of contrere to grind, bruise; con- + terere to rub, grind: cf. F. contrit See Trite .] 1. Thoroughly bruised or broken. [Obs.]

2. Broken down with grief and penitence; deeply sorrowful for sin because it is displeasing to God; humbly and thoroughly penitent.

A contrite heart, O God, thou wilt not despise. Ps. li. 17.

Be penitent, and for thy fault contrite . Milton.

Syn. -- Penitent; repentant; humble; sorrowful.

Contrite <Xpage=316>

Con"trite , n. A contrite person.

Hooker.

Contrite <Xpage=316>

Con"trite , v. In a contrite manner.

Contriteness <Xpage=316>

Con"trite`ness , n. Deep sorrow and penitence for sin; contrition.

Contrition <Xpage=316>

Con*tri"tion (?) , n. [F. contrition , L. contritio .] 1. The act of grinding or ribbing to powder; attrition; friction; rubbing. [Obs.]

The breaking of their parts into less parts by contrition . Sir I. Newton.

2. The state of being contrite; deep sorrow and repentance for sin, because sin is displeasing to God; humble penitence; through repentance.

My future days shall be one whole contrition . Dryden.

Syn. -- repentance; penitence; humiliation; compunction; self-reproach; remorse. -- Contrition , Attrition , repentance . -- Contrition is deep sorrow and self-condemnation, with through repetance for sin because it is displeasing to God, and implies a feeling of love toward God. Attrition is sorrow for sin, or imperfect repentance produced by fear of punishment or a sense of the baseness of sin. Repentance is a penitent renunciation of, and turning from, sin; thorough repentance produces a new life. Repentance is often used as synonymous with contrition . See Compunction .

Contriturate <Xpage=316>

Con*trit"u*rate (?; 135) , v. t. To triturate; to pulverize. [R.]

Contrivble <Xpage=316>

Con*triv"*ble (?) , a. Capable of being contrived, planned, invented, or devised.

A perpetual motion may seem easily contrivable . Bp. Wilkins.

Contrivance <Xpage=316>

Con*triv"ance (?) , n. 1. The act or faculty of contriving, inventing, devising, or planning.

The machine which we are inspecting demonstrates, by its construction, contrivance and design. Contrivance must have had a contriver. Paley.

2. The thing contrived, invented, or planned; disposition of parts or causes by design; a scheme; plan; atrifice; arrangement.

Government is a contrivance of human wisdom to provide for human wants. Burke.

Syn. -- Device; plan; scheme; invention; machine; project; design; artifice; shift. See Device .

Contrive <Xpage=316>

Con*trive" (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p.p. Contrived (?) ; p.pr. & vb.n. Contriving .] [OE. contriven , contreven , controven , to invent, OF. controver , contruver ; con- + trouver to find. See Troubadour , trover .] To form by an exercise of ingenuity; to devise; to invent; to design; to plan.

What more likely to contrive this admirable frame of the universe than infinite wisdom. Tillotson.

neither do thou imagine that I shall contrive aught against his life. Hawthorne.

Syn. -- To invent; discover; plan; design; project; plot; concert; hatch.

Contrive <Xpage=316>

Con*trive" , v. i. To make devices; to form designs; to plan; to scheme; to plot.

The Fates with traitors do contrive . Shak.

Thou hast contrived against th very life Of the defendant. Shak.

Contrivement <Xpage=316>

Con*trive"ment (?) , n. Contrivance; invention; arrangement; design; plan. [Obs.]

Consider the admirable contrivement and artifice of this great fabric. Glanvill.

Active to meet their contrivements . Sir G. Buck.

Contriver <Xpage=316>

Con*triv"er (?) , n. One who contrives, devises, plans, or schemas.

Swift.

Control <Xpage=316>

Con*trol" (?) , n. [F. contr\'93le a counter register, contr. fr. contr-r\'93le ; contre (L. contra ) + r\'93le roll, catalogue. See Counter and Roll , and cf. Counterroll .] 1. A duplicate book, register, or account, kept to correct or check another account or register; a counter register. [Obs.]

Johnson.

2. That which serves to check, restrain, or hinder; restraint. "Speak without control ."

Dryden.

3. Power or authority to check or restrain; restraining or regulating influence; superintendence; government; as, children should be under parental control .

The House of Commons should exercise a control over all the departments of the executive administration. Macaulay.

Board of control . See under Board .

Control <Xpage=316>

Con*trol" , v. t. [ imp. & p.p. Controlled (?) ; p.pr. & vb.n. Controlling .] [F. contr\'93ler , fr. contr\'93le .] [Formerly written comptrol and controul .] 1. To check by a counter register or duplicate account; to prove by counter statements; to confute. [Obs.]

This report was controlled to be false. Fuller.

2. To exercise restraining or governing influence over; to check; to counteract; to restrain; to regulate; to govern; to overpower.

Give me a staff of honor for mine age, But not a scepter to control the world. Shak.

I feel my virtue struggling in my soul: But stronger passion does its power control . Dryden.

Syn. -- To restrain; rule; govern; manage; guide; regulate; hinder; direct; check; curb; counteract; subdue.

Controllability <Xpage=316>

Con*trol`la*bil"i*ty (?) , n. Capability of being controlled; controllableness.

Controllable <Xpage=316>

Con*trol"la*ble (?) , a. Capable of being controlled, checked, or restrained; amenable to command.

Passion is the drunkeness of the mind, and, therefore, . . . not always controllable by reason. South.

Controllableness <Xpage=316>

Con*trol"la*ble*ness , n. Capability of being controlled.

Controller <Xpage=316>

Con*trol"ler (?) , n. [From control , v.t.: cf. F. contr\'93leur .] 1. One who, or that which, controls or restraines; one who has power or authority to regulate or control; one who governs.

The great controller of our fate Deigned to be man, and lived in low estate. Dryden.

2. An officer appointed to keep a counter register of accounts, or to examine, rectify, or verify accounts. [More commonly written controller .]

3. (Naut.) An iron block, usually bolted to a ship's deck, for controlling the running out of a chain cable. The links of the cable tend to drop into hollows in the block, and thus hold fast until disengaged.

Controllership <Xpage=316>

Con*trol"ler*ship , n. The office of a controller.

Controlment <Xpage=316>

Con*trol"ment (?) , n. 1. The power or act of controlling; the state of being rstrained; control; restraint; regulation; superintendence.

You may do it without controlment . Shak.

2. Opposition; resistance; hostility. [Obs.]

Here have we war for war, and blood for blood, Controlment for controlment. Shak.

Controversal <Xpage=316>

Con`tro*ver"sal (?) , a. 1. Turning or looking opposite ways. [Obs.]

The temple of Janus, with his two controversal faces. Milton.

2. Controversal. [Obs.]

Boyle.

Controversary <Xpage=316>

Con`tro*ver"sa*ry (?) , a. Controversial. [Obs.]

Bp. Hall.

Controverse <Xpage=316>

Con"tro*verse (?) , n. [Cf. F. controverse .] Controversy. [Obs.]

Spenser.

Controverse <Xpage=316>

Con"tro*verse , v. t. [L. controversari , fr. controversus turned against, disputed.] To dispute; to controvert. [Obs.] " Controversed causes."

Hooker.

Controverser <Xpage=316>

Con"tro*ver`ser (?) , n. A disputant. [Obs.]

Controversial <Xpage=316>

Con`tro*ver"sial (?) , a. [Cf. LL. controversialis .] Relating to, or consisting of, controversy; disputatious; polemical; as, controversial divinity .

Whole libraries of controversial books. Macaulay.

Controversialist <Xpage=316>

Con`tro*ver"sial*ist , n. One who carries on a controversy; a disputant.

He [Johnson] was both intellectually and morally of the stuff of which controversialists are made. Macaulay.

Controversially <Xpage=316>

Con`tro*ver"sial*ly , adv. In a controversial manner.

Controversion <Xpage=316>

Con`tro*ver"sion (?) , n. Act of controverting; controversy. [Obs.]

Hooker.

Controversor <Xpage=316>

Con"tro*ver`sor (?) , n. A controverser. [Obs.]

Controversy <Xpage=316>

Con"tro*ver`sy (?) , n. ; pl. Controversies (#) . [L. controversia , fr. controversus turned against, disputed; contro- = contra + versus , p.p. of vertere to turn. See Verse .] 1. Contention; dispute; debate; discussion; agitation of contrary opinions.

This left no room for controversy about the title. Locke.

A dispute is commonly oral, and a controversy in writing. Johnson.

2. Quarrel; strife; cause of variance; difference.

The Lord hath a controversy with the nations. Jer. xxv. 31.

3. A suit in law or equity; a question of right. [Obs.]

When any man that had a controversy came to the king for judgment. 2 Sam. xv. 2.

Syn. -- Dispute; debate; disputation; disagreement; altercation; contention; wrangle; strife; quarrel.

Controvert <Xpage=316>

Con"tro*vert (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p.p. Controverted ; p.pr. & vb.n. Controverting .] [See Controversy .] To make matter of controversy; to dispute or oppose by reasoning; to contend against in words or writings; to contest; to debate.

Some controverted points had decided according to the sense of the best jurists. Macaulay.

Controverter <Xpage=316>

Con"tro*ver`ter (?) , n. One who controverts; a controversial writer; a controversialist.

Some controverters in divinity are like swaggerers in a tavern. B. Jonson.

Controvertible <Xpage=316>

Con`tro*ver"ti*ble (?) , a. Capable of being controverted; disputable; admitting of question. -- Con`tro*ver"ti*bly , adv .

Controvertist <Xpage=316>

Con"tro*ver`tist (?) , n. One skilled in or given to controversy; a controversialist.

How unfriendly is the controvertist to the discernment of the critic! Campbell.

Contubernal, Contubernial <Xpage=316>

Con*tu"ber*nal (?) , Con`tu*ber"ni*al (?) , a. [L. contubernalis a tent companion, fr. contubernium tent companionship.] Living or messing together; familiar; in companionship.

Humble folk ben Christes friends: they ben contubernial with the Lord, thy King. Chaucer.

Contumacious <Xpage=316>

Con`tu*ma"cious (?) , a. [L. contumax , -acis . See Contumacy .] 1. Exhibiting contumacy; contemning authority; obstinate; perverse; stubborn; disobedient.

There is another very, efficacious method for subding the most obstinate, contumacious sinner . Hammond.

2. (Law) Willfully disobedient to the summous or prders of a court.

Blackstone.

Syn. -- Stubborn; obstinate; obdurate; disobedient; perverse; unyielding; headstrong.

-- Con`tu*ma"cious*ly , adv. -- Con`tu*ma"cious*ness , n.

Contumacy <Xpage=316>

Con"tu*ma*cy (?) , n. ; pl. Contumacies (#) . [L. contumacia , fr. contumax , -acis , insolent; prob. akin to contemnere to despise: cf. F. contumace . Cf. Contemn .] 1. Stubborn perverseness; pertinacious resistance to authority.

The bishop commanded him . . . to be thrust into the stocks for his manifest and manifold contumacy . Strype.

2. (Law) A willful contempt of, and disobedience to, any lawful summons, or to the rules and orders of court, as a refusal to appear in court when legally summoned.

Syn. -- Stubbornness; perverseness; obstinacy.

Contumelious <Xpage=316>

Con`tu*me"li*ous (?&or; ?; 106) , a. [L. contumeliosus .] 1. Exhibiting contumely; rudely contemptuous; insolent; disdainful.

Scoffs, and scorns, and contumelious taunts. Shak.

Curving a contumelious lip. Tennyson.

2. Shameful; disgraceful. [Obs.]

Dr. H. More.

-- Con`tu*me"li*ous*ly , adv. -- Con`tu*me"li*ous*ness , n.

Contumely <Xpage=316>

Con"tu*me*ly (?) , n. [L. contumelia , prob. akin to contemnere to despise: cf. OF. contumelie . Cf. Contumacy .] Rudeness compounded of haughtiness and contempt; scornful insolence; despiteful treatment; disdain; contemptuousness in act or speech; disgrace.

The oppressor's wrong, the proud man's contumely . Shak.

Nothing aggravates tyranny so much as contumely . Burke.

Contuse <Xpage=316>

Con*tuse" (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p.p. Contused (?) ; p.pr. & vb.n. Contusing .] [L. contusus , p.p. of contundere to beat, crush; con- + tundere to beat, akin to Skr. tud (for stud ) to strike, Goth. stautan . See Stutter .] 1. To beat, pound, or together.

Roots, barks, and seeds contused together. Bacon.

2. To bruise; to injure or disorganize a part without breaking the skin.

Contused wound , a wound attended with bruising.

Contusion <Xpage=316>

Con*tu"sion (?) , n. [L. contusio : cf. F. contusion .] 1. The act or process of beating, bruising, or pounding; the state of being beaten or bruised.

2. (Med.) A bruise; an injury attended with more or less disorganization of the subcutaneous tissue and effusion of blood beneath the skin, but without apparent wound.

Conundrum <Xpage=316>

Co*nun"drum (?) , n. [Origin unknown.] 1. A kind of riddle based upon some fanciful or fantastic resemblance between things quite unlike; a puzzling question, of which the answer is or involves a pun.

Or pun ambiguous, or conundrum quaint. J. Philips.

2. A question to which only a conjectural answer can be made.

Do you think life is long enough to let me speculate on conundrums like that? W. Black.

Conure <Xpage=316>

Co*nure" (?) , n. [NL. conurus , fr. Gr. <?/ a cone + <?/ tail. The name alludes to the tapering tail.] (Zo\'94l.) An American parrakeet of the genus Conurus . Many species are known. See Parrakeet .

Conus <Xpage=316>

Co"nus (?) , n. [L., a cone.] 1. A cone.

2. (Zo\'94l.) A Linnean genus of mollusks having a conical shell. See Cone , n. , 4.

Conusable <Xpage=316>

Con"u*sa*ble (?) , a. Cognizable; liable to be tried or judged. [Obs.]

Bp. Barlow.

Conusant <Xpage=316>

Con"u*sant (?) , a. (Law) See Cognizant .

Conusor <Xpage=316>

Con`u*sor" (?) , n. (Law) See Cognizor .

Convalesce <Xpage=316>

Con`va*lesce" (?) , v. i. [ imp. & p.p. Convalesced (?) ; p.pr. & vb.n. Convalescing .] [L. convalscere ; con- + valescere to grow strong, v. incho. of valere to be strong. See Vallant .] To recover health and strength gradually, after sickness or weakness; as, a patient begins to convalesce .

Convalesced <Xpage=316>

Con`va*lesced" (?) , a. Convalescent. [R.]

He found the queen somewhat convalesced . J. Knox.

Convalescence, Convalescency <Xpage=316>

Con`va*les"cence (?) , Con`va*les"cen*cy (?) , n. [L. convalescentia : cf. F. convalescence .] The recovery of heath and strength after disease; the state of a body renewing its vigor after sickness or weakness; the time between the subsidence of a disease and complete restoration to health.

Convalescent <Xpage=316>