Chapter 328

4. Relating to a constitution, or establishment form of government; as, a constitutional risis .

The anient constitutional traditions of the state. Macaulay.

5. For the benefit or one's constitution or health; as, a constitutional walk . [Colloq.]

Constitutional law , law that relates to the constitution, as a permanent system of political and juridical government, as distinguished from statutory and common law, which relate to matters subordinate to such constitution.

Constitutional <Xpage=310>

Con`sti*tu"tion*al , n. A walk or other exercise taken for one's health or constitution. [Colloq.]

Thackeray.

The men trudged diurnal constitutionals along the different roads. Compton Reade.

Constitutionalism <Xpage=310>

Con`sti*tu"tion*al*ism (?) , n. The theory, principles, or authority of constitutional government; attachment or adherene to a constitution or constitutional government.

Carlyle.

Constitutionalist <Xpage=310>

Con`sti*tu"tion*al*ist , n. One who advocates a constitutional form of government; a constitutionalist.

Constitutionality <Xpage=310>

Con`sti*tu`tion*al"i*ty (?) , n. ; pl. - ties (#) . [f. F. constitutionalit\'82 .] 1. The quality or state of being constitutional, or inherent in the natural frame.

2. The state of being consistent with the constitution or frame of government, or of being authorized by its provisions.

Burke.

Constitutionalities , bottomless cavilings and questionings about written laws. Carlyle.

Constitutionally <Xpage=310>

Con`sti*tu"tion*al*ly (?) , adv. 1. In accordance with the constitution or natural disposition of the mind or body; naturally; as, he was constitutionally timid .

The English were constitutionally humane. Hallam.

2. In accordance with the constitution or fundamental law; legally; as, he was not constitutionally appointed .

Nothing would indue them to acknowledge that [such] an assembly . . . was constitutionally a Parliament. Macaulay.

Constitutionist <Xpage=310>

Con`sti*tu"tion*ist , n. One who adheres to the constitution of the country.

Bolingbroke.

Constitutive <Xpage=310>

Con"sti*tu`tive (?) , a. 1. Tending or assisting to constitute or compose; elemental; essential.

An ingredient and constitutive part of every virtue. Barrow.

2. Having power to enact, establish, or create; instituting; determining.

Sir W. Hamilton.

Constitutively <Xpage=310>

Con"sti*tu`tive*ly , adv. In a constitutive manner.

Constrain <Xpage=310>

Con*strain" (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p.p. Constrained (?) ; p.pr. & vb.n. Constraining .] [OF. constraindre , F. contrainde , L. constringere ; con- + stringere to draw tight. See Strain , and. cf. Constrict , Conbstringere .] 1. To secure by bonds; to chain; to bond or con<?/; to hold tightly; to constringe.

He binds in hains The droway prophet, and his limbs constrains . Dryden.

When winter frosts constrain the fields with old. Dryden.

2. To bring into a narrow compass; to compress.

How the strait stays the slender waist constrain . Gay.

3. To hold back by force; to restrain; to repress.

My sire in caves constrains the winds. Dryden.

4. To compel; to force; to necessiate; to oblige.

The love of Christ constraineth us. 2. Cor. v. 14.

I was constrained to appeal unto C<?/sar. Acts xxviii. 19.

5. To violate; to ravish. [Obs.]

Shak.

6. To produce in such a manner as to give an unnatural effet; as, a constrained voice .

Syn. -- To compel; force; drive; impel; urge; press.

Constrainable <Xpage=310>

Con*strain"a*ble (?) , a. [Cf. OF. constraignable , F. contraignable .] Capable of being constrained; liable to constraint, or to restraint.

Hooker.

Constrained <Xpage=310>

Con*strained" (?) , a. Marked by constraint; not free; not voluntary; embarrassed; as, a constrained manner; a constrained tone.

Constrainedly <Xpage=310>

Con*strain"ed*ly (?) , adv. By constraint or compulsion; in a constrained manner.

Hooker.

Constrainer <Xpage=310>

Con*strain"er (?) , n. One who constrains.

Constraint <Xpage=310>

Con*straint" (?) , n. [OF. constrainte , F. constrainte .] The act of constraining, or the state of being constrained; that which compels to, or restrains from, action; compulsion; restraint; necessity.

Long imprisonment and hard constraint . Spenser.

Not by constraint , but b<?/ my choice, I came. Dryden.

Syn. -- Compulsion; violence; necessity; urgency. -- Constraint , Compulsion . Constraint implies strong binding force; as, the constraint of necessity; the constraint of fear. Compulsion implies the exertion of some urgent impelling force; as, driven by compulsion . The former prevents us from acting agreeably to our wishes; the latter forces us to act contrary to our will. Compulsion is always produced by some active agent; a constraint may be laid upon us by the forms of civil society, or by other outward circumstances.

Crabb.

Constraintive <Xpage=310>

Con*straint"ive (?) , a. Constraining; compulsory. [R.] "Any constraintive vow."

R. Carew.

Constrict <Xpage=310>

Con*strict" (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p.p. Constricted ; p.pr. & vb.n. Constricting .] [L. constrictus , p.p. of constringere . See Constrain .] To draw together; to render narrower or smaller; to bind; to cramp; to contract or ause to shrink.

Such things as constrict the fibers. Arbuthnot.

Membranous organs inclosing a cavity which their contraction constrict . Todd & Bowman.

Constricted <Xpage=310>

Con*strict"ed , a. 1. Drawn together; bound; contracted; cramped.

2. (Bot.) Contracted or compressed so as to be smaller in certain places or parts than in others.

Constriction <Xpage=310>

Con*stric"tion (?) , n. [L. constrictio : cf. F. constriction .] 1. The act of constricting by means of some inherent power or by movement or change in the thing itself, as distinguished from compression .

2. The state of being constricted; the point where a thing is constricted; a narrowing or binding.

A constriction of the parts inservient to speech. Grew.

Constrictive <Xpage=310>

Con*strict"ive (?) , a. Serving or tending to bind or constrict.

Constrictor <Xpage=310>

Con*strict"or (?) , n. 1. That which constricts, draws together, or contracts.

2. (Anat.) A muscle which contracts or closes an orifice, or which compresses an organ; a sphincter.

3. (Zo\'94l.) A serpent that kills its prey by inclosing and crushing it with its folds; as, the boa constrictor .

Constringe <Xpage=310>

Con*stringe" (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p.p. Constringed (?) ; p.pr. & vb.n. Constringing .] [L. constringere . See onstrain .] To dawn together; to contract; to force to contract itself; to constrict; to cause to shrink. [R.]

Strong liquors . . . intoxicate, constringe , harden the fibers, and coagulate the fluids. Arbuthnot.

Constringent <Xpage=310>

Con*strin"gent (?) , a. [L. constringens , p.pr.] Having the quality of contracting, binding, or compressing.

Thomson.

Construct <Xpage=310>

Con*struct" (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p.p. Constructed ; p.pr. & vb.n. Constructing .] [L. constructus , p.p. of construere to bring together, to construct; con- + struere to pile up, set in order. See Structure , and cf. Construe .] 1. To put together the constituent parts of (something) in their proper place and order; to build; to form; to make; as, to construct an edlifice .

2. To devise; to invent; to set in order; to arrange; as, to construct a theory of ethics .

Syn. -- To build; erect; form; compile; make; fabricate; originate; invent.

Construct <Xpage=310>

Con"struct (?) , a. Formed by, or relating to, construction, interpretation, or inference.

Construct form &or; state (Heb. Gram.) , that of a noun used before another which has the genitive relation to it.

Constructer <Xpage=310>

Con*struct"er (?) , n. One who, or that which, constructs or frames.

Construction <Xpage=310>

Con*struc"tion (?) , n. [L. constructio : cf. F. construction .] 1. The process or art of constructing; the act of building; erection; the act of devising and forming; fabrication; composition.

2. The form or manner of building or putting together the parts of anything; structure; arrangement.

An astrolabe of peculiar construction . Whewell.

3. (Gram.) The arrangement and connection of words in a sentence; syntactical arrangement.

Some particles . . . in certain constructions have the sense of a whole sentence contained in them. Locke.

4. The method of construing, interpreting, or explaining a declaration or fact; an attributed sense or meaning; understanding; explanation; interpretation; sense.

Any person . . . might, by the sort of construction that would be put on this act, become liable to the penalties of treason. Hallam.

Strictly , the term [ construction ] signifies determining the meaning and proper effect of language by a consideration of the subject matter and attendant circumstances in connection with the words employed. Abbott.

Interpretation properly precedes construction , but it does not go beyond the written text. Parsons.

Construction of an equation (Math.) , the drawing of such lines and figures as will represent geometrically the quantities in the equation, and their relations to each other. -- Construction train (Railroad) , a train for transporting men and materials for construction or repairs.

Constructional <Xpage=310>

Con*struc"tion*al (?) , a. Pertaining to, or deduced from, construction or interpretation.

Constructionist <Xpage=310>

Con*struc"tion*ist , n. One who puts a certain construction upon some writing or instrument, as the Constitutions of the United States; as, a strict constructionist ; a broad constructionist .

Constructive <Xpage=310>

Con*struct"ive (?) , a. [Cf. F. constructif .] 1. Having ability to construct or form; employed in construction; as, to exhibit constructive power .

The constructive fingers of Watts. Emerson.

2. Derived from, or depending on, construction or interpretation; not directly expressed, but inferred.

Constructive crimes (Law) , acts having effects analogous to those of some statutory or common law crimes; as, constructive treason. Constructive crimes are no longer recognized by the courts. -- Constructive notice , notice imputed by construction of law. -- Constructive trust , a trust which may be assumed to exist, though no actual mention of it be made.

Constructively <Xpage=310>

Con*struct"ive*ly , adv. In a constructive manner; by construction or inference.

A neutral must have notice of a blockade, either actually by a formal information, or constructively by notice to his government. Kent.

Constructiveness <Xpage=310>

Con*struct"ive*ness , n. 1. Tendency or ability to form or construct.

2. (Phren.) The faculty which enables one to construct, as in mechanical, artistic, or literary matters.

Constructor <Xpage=310>

Con*struct"or (?) , n. [Cf. LL. constructor .] A constructer.

Constructure <Xpage=310>

Con*struc"ture (?; 135) , n. That which is constructed or formed; an edifice; a fabric. [Obs.]

Construe <Xpage=310>

Con*strue (?; Archaic ?) , v. t. [ imp & p. p. Construed (#) ; p. pr & vb. n. Construing (#) .] [L. construere : cf. F. construire . See Construct .] 1. To apply the rules of syntax to (a sentence or clause) so as to exhibit the structure, arrangement, or connection of, or to discover the sense; to explain the construction of; to interpret; to translate.

2. To put a construction upon; to explain the sense or intention of; to interpret; to understand.

Thus we are put to construe and paraphrase our own words to free ourselves either from the ignorance or malice of our enemies. Bp. Stilingfleet.

And to be dull was construed to be good. Pope.

Constuprate <Xpage=310>

Con"stu*prate (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p.p. Construprated ; p.p. & vb.n. Constuprating .] [L. constupratus , p.p. of constuprare to ravish; con- + stuprare to ravish, stuprum rape.] To ravish; to debauch.

Burton.

Constupration <Xpage=310>

Con`stu*pra"tion (?) , n. The act of ravishing; violation; defilement.

Bp. Hall.

Consubstantial <Xpage=310>

Con`sub*stan"tial (?) , a. [L. consubstantialis ; con- + substantialis : cf. F. consubstantiel . See Substantial .] Of the same kind or nature; having the same substance or essence; coessential.

Christ Jesus . . . coeternal and consubstantial with the Father and with the Holy Ghost. Foxe.

Consubstantialism <Xpage=310>

Con`sub*stan"tial*ism (?) , n. The doctrine of consubstantiation.

Consubstantialist <Xpage=310>

Con`sub*stan"tial*ist , n. One who believes in consubstantiation.

Barrow.

Consubstantiality <Xpage=310>

Con`sub*stan"ti*al"i*ty (?; 106) , n. [Cf. F. consubstantialit\'82 .] Participation of the same nature; coexistence in the same substance. "His [the Son's] . . . consubstantiality with the Father."

Hammend.

Consubstantially <Xpage=310>

Con`sub*stan"tial*ly (?) , adv. In a consubstantial manner; with identity of substance or nature.

Consubstantiate <Xpage=310>

Con`sub*stan"ti*ate (?; 106) , v. t. [ imp & p. p. Consubstantiated ; p.pr & vb. n. Consubstantiating .] To cause to unite, or to regard as united, in one common substance or nature. [R.]

His soul must be consubstantiated with reason. Jer. Taylor.

Consubstantiate <Xpage=310>

Con`sub*stan"ti*ate , v. i. To profess or belive the doctrine of consubstantion.

The consubstantiating church and priest. Dryden.

Consubstantiate <Xpage=310>

Con`sub*stan"ti*ate (?) , a. Partaking of the same substance; united; consubstantial.

We must love her [the wife] that is thus consubstantiate with us. Feltham.

Consubstantiation <Xpage=310>

Con`sub*stan`ti*a"tion (?; 106) , n. 1. An identity or union of substance.

2. (Theol.) The actual, substantial presence of the body of Christ with the bread and wine of the sacrament of the Lord's Supper; impanation; -- opposed to transubstantiation .

&hand; This view, held by Luther himself, was called consubstantiation by non Lutheran writers in contradistinction to transsubstantiation, the Catholic view.

Consuetude <Xpage=310>

Con"sue*tude (?; 144) , n. [L. consuetudo . See Custom .] Custom, habit; usage. [R.]

To observe this consuetude or law. Barnes .

Consuetudinal <Xpage=310>

Con`sue*tu"di*nal (?) , a. [LL. consuetudinalis .] According to custom; customary; usual. [R.]

Consuetudinary <Xpage=310>

Con`sue*tu"di*na"ry (?) , a. [LL. consuetudinarius .] Customary.

<page="311"> Page 311

Cussuetudinary <Xpage=311>

Cus`sue*tu"di*na*ry (?) , n. ; pl. Consuetudinaries (<?/) . A manual or ritual of customary devotional exercises.

Consul <Xpage=311>

Con"sul (?) , n. [L., prob. fr. consulere to deliberate. See Consult .] 1. (Rom. Antiq.) One of the two chief magistrates of the republic.

&hand; They were chosen annually, originally from the patricians only, but later from the plebeians also.

2. A senator; a counselor. [Obs.]

Many of the consuls , raised and met, Are at the duke's already. Shak.

With kings and consuls of the earth. Job. iii. 14 (Douay Ver. )

3. (Fr. Hist.) One of the three chief magistrates of France from 1799 to 1804, who were called, respectively, first, second, and third consul.

4. An official comissioned to reside in some foreign country, to care for the commercial interests of the citizens of the appointing government, and to protect its seamen.

Consul general , a consul of the first rank, stationed in an important place, or having jurisdiction in several places or over several consula. -- Vice consul , a consular officer holding the place of a consul during the consul's absence or after he has been relieved.

Consulage <Xpage=311>

Con"sul*age (?) , n. (Com.) A duty or tax paid by merchants for the protection of their connerce by means of a consul in a foreign place.

Consular <Xpage=311>

Con"su*lar (?) , a. [L. consularis ; cf. F. consulaire .] Of or pertaining to a consul; performing the duties of a consul; as, consular power; consular dignity; consular officers.

Consulary <Xpage=311>

Con"su*la"ry (?) , a. Consular. [Obs.]

Holland.

Consulate <Xpage=311>

Con"su*late (?) , n. [L. consulatus : cf. F. consulat .] 1. The office of a consul.

Addison.

2. The jurisdiction or residence of a consul.

Kent.

3. Consular government; term of office of a consul.

Consulship <Xpage=311>

Con"sul*ship (?) , n. 1. The office of a consul; consulate.

2. The term of office of a consul.

Consult <Xpage=311>

Con*sult" (?) , v. i. [ imp. & p.p. Consulted ; p.pr. & vb.n. Consulting .] [L. consultare , fr. consulere to consult: cf. f. consulter . Cf. Counsel .] To seek the opinion or advice of another; to take consel; to deliberate together; to confer.

Let us consult upon to-morrow's business. Shak.

All the laws of England have been made by the kings England, consulting with the nobility and commons. Hobbes.

Consult <Xpage=311>