Chapter 29

Advocacy <Xpage= Ad`ver*sa*ry (#) , n. ; pl. Adversaries (#) . [OE. adversarie , direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire , fr. OF. adversier , aversier , fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse .] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe. >

Ad"vo*ca*cy (#) , n. [OF. advocatie , LL. advocatia . See Advocate .] The act of pleading for or supporting; work of advocating; intercession.

Advocate <Xpage= Ad`ver*sa*ry (#) , n. ; pl. Adversaries (#) . [OE. adversarie , direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire , fr. OF. adversier , aversier , fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse .] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe. >

Ad"vo*cate (#) , n. [OE. avocat , avocet , OF. avocat , fr. L. advocatus , one summoned or called to another; properly the p. p. of advocare to call to, call to one's aid; ad + vocare to call. See Advowee , Avowee , Vocal .] 1. One who pleads the cause of another. Specifically: One who pleads the cause of another before a tribunal or judicial court; a counselor.

&hand; In the English and American Law, advocate is the same as "counsel," "counselor," or "barrister." In the civil and ecclesiastical courts, the term signifies the same as "counsel" at the common law.

2. One who defends, vindicates, or espouses any cause by argument; a pleader; as, an advocate of free trade, an advocate of truth .

3. Christ, considered as an intercessor.

We have an Advocate with the Father. 1 John ii. 1.

Faculty of advocates (Scot.) , the Scottish bar in Edinburgh. -- Lord advocate (Scot.) , the public prosecutor of crimes, and principal crown lawyer. -- Judge advocate . See under Judge .

Advocate <Xpage= Ad`ver*sa*ry (#) , n. ; pl. Adversaries (#) . [OE. adversarie , direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire , fr. OF. adversier , aversier , fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse .] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe. >

Ad"vo*cate (#) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Advocated (#) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Advocating (#) .] [See Advocate , n. , Advoke , Avow .] To plead in favor of; to defend by argument, before a tribunal or the public; to support, vindicate, or recommend publicly.

To advocate the cause of thy client. Bp. Sanderson (1624).

This is the only thing distinct and sensible, that has been advocated . Burke.

Eminent orators were engaged to advocate his cause. Mitford.

Advocate <Xpage= Ad`ver*sa*ry (#) , n. ; pl. Adversaries (#) . [OE. adversarie , direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire , fr. OF. adversier , aversier , fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse .] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe. >

Ad"vo*cate , v. i. To act as advocate. [Obs.]

Fuller.

Advocateship <Xpage= Ad`ver*sa*ry (#) , n. ; pl. Adversaries (#) . [OE. adversarie , direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire , fr. OF. adversier , aversier , fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse .] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe. >

Ad"vo*cate*ship , n. Office or duty of an advocate.

Advocation <Xpage= Ad`ver*sa*ry (#) , n. ; pl. Adversaries (#) . [OE. adversarie , direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire , fr. OF. adversier , aversier , fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse .] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe. >

Ad`vo*ca"tion (#) , n. [L. advocatio : cf. OF. avocation . See Advowson .] 1. The act of advocating or pleading; plea; advocacy. [Archaic]

The holy Jesus . . . sits in heaven in a perpetual advocation for us. Jer. Taylor.

2. Advowson. [Obs.]

The donations or advocations of church livings. Sanderson.

3. (Scots Law) The process of removing a cause from an inferior court to the supreme court.

Bell.

Advocatory <Xpage= Ad`ver*sa*ry (#) , n. ; pl. Adversaries (#) . [OE. adversarie , direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire , fr. OF. adversier , aversier , fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse .] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe. >

Ad"vo*ca*to*ry (#) , a. Of or pertaining to an advocate. [R.]

Advoke <Xpage= Ad`ver*sa*ry (#) , n. ; pl. Adversaries (#) . [OE. adversarie , direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire , fr. OF. adversier , aversier , fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse .] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe. >

Ad*voke" (#) , v. t. [L. advocare . See Advocate .] To summon; to call. [Obs.]

Queen Katharine had privately prevailed with the pope to advoke the cause to Rome. Fuller.

Advolution <Xpage= Ad`ver*sa*ry (#) , n. ; pl. Adversaries (#) . [OE. adversarie , direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire , fr. OF. adversier , aversier , fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse .] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe. >

Ad`vo*lu"tion (#) , n. [L. advolvere , advolutum , to roll to.] A rolling toward something. [R.]

Advoutrer <Xpage= Ad`ver*sa*ry (#) , n. ; pl. Adversaries (#) . [OE. adversarie , direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire , fr. OF. adversier , aversier , fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse .] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe. >

Ad*vou"trer (#) , n. [OF. avoutre , avoltre , fr. L. adulter . Cf. Adulterer .] An adulterer. [Obs.]

Advoutress <Xpage= Ad`ver*sa*ry (#) , n. ; pl. Adversaries (#) . [OE. adversarie , direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire , fr. OF. adversier , aversier , fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse .] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe. >

Ad*vou"tress (#) , n. An adulteress. [Obs.]

Bacon.

Advoutry, Advowtry <Xpage= Ad`ver*sa*ry (#) , n. ; pl. Adversaries (#) . [OE. adversarie , direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire , fr. OF. adversier , aversier , fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse .] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe. >

Ad*vou"try , Ad*vow"try (#) , n. [OE. avoutrie , avouterie , advoutrie , OF. avoutrie , avulterie , fr. L. adulterium . Cf. Adultery .] Adultery. [Obs.]

Bacon.

Advowee <Xpage= Ad`ver*sa*ry (#) , n. ; pl. Adversaries (#) . [OE. adversarie , direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire , fr. OF. adversier , aversier , fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse .] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe. >

Ad*vow*ee" (#) , n. [OE. avowe , F. avou\'82 , fr. L. advocatus . See Advocate , Avowee , Avoyer .] One who has an advowson.

Cowell.

Advowson <Xpage= Ad`ver*sa*ry (#) , n. ; pl. Adversaries (#) . [OE. adversarie , direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire , fr. OF. adversier , aversier , fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse .] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe. >

Ad*vow"son (?; 277) , n. [OE. avoweisoun , OF. avo\'89son , fr. L. advocatio . Cf. Advocation .] (Eng. Law) The right of presenting to a vacant benefice or living in the church. [Originally, the relation of a patron ( advocatus ) or protector of a benefice, and thus privileged to nominate or present to it.]

&hand; The benefices of the Church of England are in every case subjects of presentation. They are nearly 12,000 in number; the advowson of more than half of them belongs to private persons, and of the remainder to the crown, bishops, deans and chapters, universities, and colleges.

Amer. Cyc.

Advoyer <Xpage= Ad`ver*sa*ry (#) , n. ; pl. Adversaries (#) . [OE. adversarie , direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire , fr. OF. adversier , aversier , fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse .] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe. >

Ad*voy"er (#) , n. See Avoyer . [Obs.]

Adward <Xpage= Ad`ver*sa*ry (#) , n. ; pl. Adversaries (#) . [OE. adversarie , direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire , fr. OF. adversier , aversier , fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse .] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe. >

Ad*ward" (#) , n. Award. [Obs.]

Spenser.

Adynamia <Xpage= Ad`ver*sa*ry (#) , n. ; pl. Adversaries (#) . [OE. adversarie , direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire , fr. OF. adversier , aversier , fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse .] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe. >

Ad`y*na"mi*a (#) , n. [NL. adynamia , fr. Gr. <?/ want of strength; <?/ priv + <?/ power, strength.] (Med.) Considerable debility of the vital powers, as in typhoid fever.

Dunglison.

Adynamic <Xpage= Ad`ver*sa*ry (#) , n. ; pl. Adversaries (#) . [OE. adversarie , direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire , fr. OF. adversier , aversier , fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse .] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe. >

Ad`y*nam"ic (#) , a. [Cf. F. adynamique . See Adynamy .] 1. (Med.) Pertaining to, or characterized by, debility of the vital powers; weak.

2. (Physics) Characterized by the absence of power or force.

Adynamic fevers , malignant or putrid fevers attended with great muscular debility.

Adynamy <Xpage= Ad`ver*sa*ry (#) , n. ; pl. Adversaries (#) . [OE. adversarie , direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire , fr. OF. adversier , aversier , fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse .] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe. >

A*dyn"a*my (#) , n. Adynamia. [R.]

Morin.

Adytum <Xpage= Ad`ver*sa*ry (#) , n. ; pl. Adversaries (#) . [OE. adversarie , direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire , fr. OF. adversier , aversier , fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse .] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe. >

Ad"y*tum (#) , n. Adyta (#) . [L., fr. Gr. <?/, n., fr. <?/, a., not to be entered; <?/ priv. + <?/ to enter.] The innermost sanctuary or shrine in ancient temples, whence oracles were given. Hence: A private chamber; a sanctum.

Adz, Adze <Xpage= Ad`ver*sa*ry (#) , n. ; pl. Adversaries (#) . [OE. adversarie , direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire , fr. OF. adversier , aversier , fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse .] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe. >

Adz , Adze (#) , n. [OE. adese , adis , adse , AS. adesa , adese , ax, hatchet.] A carpenter's or cooper's tool, formed with a thin arching blade set at right angles to the handle. It is used for chipping or slicing away the surface of wood.

Adz <Xpage= Ad`ver*sa*ry (#) , n. ; pl. Adversaries (#) . [OE. adversarie , direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire , fr. OF. adversier , aversier , fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse .] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe. >

Adz , v. t. To cut with an adz. [R.]

Carlyle.

\'92 or Ae <Xpage= Ad`ver*sa*ry (#) , n. ; pl. Adversaries (#) . [OE. adversarie , direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire , fr. OF. adversier , aversier , fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse .] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe. >

\'92 or Ae . A diphthong in the Latin language; used also by the Saxon writers. It answers to the Gr. <?/. The Anglo-Saxon short \'91 was generally replaced by a , the long <?/ by e or ee . In derivatives from Latin words with ae , it is mostly superseded by e . For most words found with this initial combination, the reader will therefore search under the letter E.

\'92cidium <Xpage= Ad`ver*sa*ry (#) , n. ; pl. Adversaries (#) . [OE. adversarie , direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire , fr. OF. adversier , aversier , fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse .] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe. >

\'92*cid"i*um (#) , n. ; pl. \'92cidia (#) . [NL., dim. of Gr. <?/ injury.] (Bot.) A form of fruit in the cycle of development of the Rusts or Brands, an order of fungi, formerly considered independent plants.

\'92dile <Xpage= Ad`ver*sa*ry (#) , n. ; pl. Adversaries (#) . [OE. adversarie , direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire , fr. OF. adversier , aversier , fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse .] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe. >

\'92"dile (#) , n. [L. aedilis , fr. aedes temple, public building. Cf. Edify .] A magistrate in ancient Rome, who had the superintendence of public buildings, highways, shows, etc.; hence, a municipal officer.

\'92dileship <Xpage= Ad`ver*sa*ry (#) , n. ; pl. Adversaries (#) . [OE. adversarie , direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire , fr. OF. adversier , aversier , fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse .] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe. >

\'92"dile*ship , n. The office of an \'91dile.

T. Arnold.

\'92gean <Xpage= Ad`ver*sa*ry (#) , n. ; pl. Adversaries (#) . [OE. adversarie , direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire , fr. OF. adversier , aversier , fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse .] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe. >

\'92*ge"an (#) , a. [L. Aegeus ; Gr. <?/.] Of or pertaining to the sea, or arm of the Mediterranean sea, east of Greece. See Archipelago .

\'92gicrania <Xpage= Ad`ver*sa*ry (#) , n. ; pl. Adversaries (#) . [OE. adversarie , direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire , fr. OF. adversier , aversier , fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse .] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe. >

\'92`gi*cra"ni*a (#) , n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, goat + <?/, n. pl., heads.] (Arch.) Sculptured ornaments, used in classical architecture, representing rams' heads or skulls.