Chapter 289

Age of coal plants . See Age of Acrogens , under Acrogen . -- Anthracite or Glance coal . See Anthracite . -- Bituminous coal . See under Bituminous . -- Blind coal . See under Blind . -- Brown coal , ∨ Lignite . See Lignite . -- Caking coal , a bituminous coal, which softens and becomes pasty or semi-viscid when heated. On increasing the heat, the volatile products are driven off, and a coherent, grayish black, cellular mass of coke is left. -- Cannel coal , a very compact bituminous coal, of fine texture and dull luster. See Cannel coal . -- Coal bed (Geol.) , a layer or stratum of mineral coal. -- Coal breaker , a structure including machines and machinery adapted for crushing, cleansing, and assorting coal. -- Coal field (Geol.) , a region in which deposits of coal occur. Such regions have often a basinlike structure, and are hence called coal basins . See Basin . -- Coal gas , a variety of carbureted hydrogen, procured from bituminous coal, used in lighting streets, houses, etc., and for cooking and heating. -- Coal heaver , a man employed in carrying coal, and esp. in putting it in, and discharging it from, ships. -- Coal measures . (Geol.) (a) Strata of coal with the attendant rocks. (b) A subdivision of the carboniferous formation, between the millstone grit below and the Permian formation above, and including nearly all the workable coal beds of the world. -- Coal oil , a general name for mineral oils; petroleum. -- Coal plant (Geol.) , one of the remains or impressions of plants found in the strata of the coal formation. -- Coal tar . See in the Vocabulary. -- To haul over the coals , to call to account; to scold or censure. [Colloq.] -- Wood coal . See Lignite .

Coal <Xpage=270>

Coal , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Coaled (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Coaling .] 1. To burn to charcoal; to char. [R.]

Charcoal of roots, coaled into great pieces. Bacon.

2. To mark or delineate with charcoal.

Camden.

3. To supply with coal; as, to coal a steamer .

Coal <Xpage=270>

Coal , v. i. To take in coal; as, the steaer coaled at Southampton .

Coal-black <Xpage=270>

Coal"-black (?) , a. As black as coal; jet black; very black.

Dryden.

Coalery <Xpage=270>

Coal"er*y (?) , n. [Obs.] See Colliery .

Coalesce <Xpage=270>

Co`a*lesce" (?) , v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Coalesced (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Coalescing .] [L. coalescere , coalitium ; co- + alescere to grow up, incho. fr. alere to nourish. See Aliment , n. ] 1. To grow together; to unite by growth into one body; as, the parts separated by a wound coalesce .

2. To unite in one body or product; to combine into one body or community; as, vapors coalesce .

The Jews were incapable of coalescing with other nations. Campbell.

Certain combinations of ideas that, once coalescing , could not be shaken loose. De Quincey.

Syn. -- See Add .

Coalescence <Xpage=270>

Co`a*les"cence (?) , n. The act or state of growing together, as similar parts; the act of uniting by natural affinity or attraction; the state of being united; union; concretion.

Coalescent <Xpage=270>

Co`a*les"cent (?) , a. [L. coalescens , p. pr.] Growing together; cohering, as in the organic cohesion of similar parts; uniting.

Coalfish <Xpage=270>

Coal"fish` (?) , n. [Named from the dark color of the back.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) The pollock; -- called also, coalsey , colemie , colmey , coal whiting , etc. See Pollock . (b) The beshow or candlefish of Alaska. (c) The cobia.

Coalgoose <Xpage=270>

Coal"goose` (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) The cormorant; -- so called from its black color.

Coalite <Xpage=270>

Co"a*lite (?) , v. i. [L. coalitus , p. p. of coalescere . See Coalesce .] To unite or coalesce. [Obs.]

Let them continue to coalite . Bolingbroke.

Coalite <Xpage=270>

Co"a*lite , v. t. To cause to unite or coalesce. [Obs.]

Time has by degrees blended . . . and coalited the conquered with the conquerors. Burke.

Coalition <Xpage=270>

Co`a*li"tion (?) , n. [LL. coalitio : cf. F. coalition . See Coalesce .] 1. The act of coalescing; union into a body or mass, as of separate bodies or parts; as, a coalition of atoms .

Bentley.

<page="271"> Page 271

2. A combination, for temporary purposes, of persons, parties, or states, having different interests.

A coalition of the puritan and the blackleg. J. Randolph.

The coalition between the religious and worldly enemies of popery. Macaulay.

Syn. -- Alliance; confederation; confederacy; league; combination; conjunction; conspiracy; union.

Coalitioner <Xpage=271>

Co`a*li"tion*er (?) , n. A coalitionist.

Coalitionist <Xpage=271>

Co`a*li"tion*ist , n. One who joins or promotes a coalition; one who advocates coalition.

Co-ally <Xpage=271>

Co`-al*ly" (?) , n. ; pl. Co-allies (#) . A joint ally.

Kent.

Coal-meter <Xpage=271>

Coal"-me`ter (?) , n. A licensed or official coal measurer in London. See Meter .

Simmonds.

Coalmouse <Xpage=271>

Coal"mouse` (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) A small species of titmouse, with a black head; the coletit.

Coalpit <Xpage=271>

Coal"pit` (?) , n. 1. A pit where coal is dug.

2. A place where charcoal is made. [U. S.]

Coal tar <Xpage=271>

Coal" tar` (?) . A thick, black, tarry liquid, obtained by the distillation of bituminous coal in the manufacture of illuminating gas; used for making printer's ink, black varnish, etc. It is a complex mixture from which many substances have been obtained, especially hydrocarbons of the benzene or aromatic series.

&hand; Among its important ingredients are benzene, aniline, phenol, naphtalene, anthracene, etc., which are respectively typical of many dye stuffs, as the aniline dyes, the phthale\'8bns, indigo, alizarin, and many flavoring extracts whose artificial production is a matter of great commercial importance.

Coal-whipper <Xpage=271>

Coal"-whip`per (?) , n. One who raises coal out of the hold of a ship. [Eng.]

Dickens.

Coal works <Xpage=271>

Coal" works (?) . A place where coal is dug, including the machinery for raising the coal.

Coaly <Xpage=271>

Coal"y (?) , a. [From Coal , n. ] Pertaining to, or resembling, coal; containing coal; of the nature of coal.

Coamings <Xpage=271>

Coam"ings (?) , n. pl. [Cf. Comb a crest.] (Naut.) Raised pieces of wood of iron around a hatchway, skylight, or other opening in the deck, to prevent water from running bellow; esp. the fore-and-aft pieces of a hatchway frame as distinguished from the transverse head ledges. [Written also combings .]

Coannex <Xpage=271>

Co`an*nex" (?) , v. t. To annex with something else.

Coaptation <Xpage=271>

Co`ap*ta"tion (?) , n. [L. coaptatio , fr. coaptare to fit together; co- + aptare . See Aptate .] The adaptation or adjustment of parts to each other, as of a broken bone or dislocated joint.

Coarct, Coarctate <Xpage=271>

Co*arct" (?) , Co*arc"tate (?) , v. t. [See Coarctate , a. ] 1. To press together; to crowd; to straiten; to confine closely. [Obs.]

Bacon.

2. To restrain; to confine. [Obs.]

Ayliffe.

Coarctate <Xpage=271>

Co*arc"tate (?) , a. [L. coarctatus , p. p. of coarctare to press together; co- + arctare to press together, from arctus , p. p. See Arctation .] (Zo\'94l.) Pressed together; closely connected; -- applied to insects having the abdomen separated from the thorax only by a constriction.

Coarctate pupa (Zo\'94l.) , a pupa closely covered by the old larval skin, as in most Diptera.

Coarctation <Xpage=271>

Co`arc*ta"tion (?) , n. [L. coarctatio .] 1. Confinement to a narrow space. [Obs.]

Bacon.

2. Pressure; that which presses. [Obs.]

Ray.

3. (Med.) A stricture or narrowing, as of a canal, cavity, or orifice.

Coarse <Xpage=271>

Coarse (?) , a. [ Compar. Coarser (?) ; superl. Coarsest .] [As this word was anciently written course , or cours , it may be an abbreviation of of course , in the common manner of proceeding, common, and hence, homely, made for common domestic use, plain, rude, rough, gross, e. g. , "Though the threads be course ." Gascoigne. See Course .]

1. Large in bulk, or composed of large parts or particles; of inferior quality or appearance; not fine in material or close in texture; gross; thick; rough; -- opposed to fine ; as, coarse sand; coarse thread; coarse cloth; coarse bread.

2. Not refined; rough; rude; unpolished; gross; indelicate; as, coarse manners; coarse language.

I feel Of what coarse metal ye are molded. Shak.

To copy, in my coarse English, his beautiful expressions. Dryden.

Syn. -- Large; thick; rough; gross; blunt; uncouth; unpolished; inelegant; indelicate; vulgar.

Coarse-grained <Xpage=271>

Coarse"-grained` (?) , a. Having a coarse grain or texture, as wood; hence, wanting in refinement.

Coarsely <Xpage=271>

Coarse"ly , adv. In a coarse manner; roughly; rudely; inelegantly; uncivilly; meanly.

<-- #### q4 -->

Coarsen <Xpage=271>

Coars"en (?) , v. t. To make coarse or vulgar; as, to coarsen one's character . [R.]

Graham.

Coarseness <Xpage=271>

Coarse"ness (?) , n. The quality or state of being coarse; roughness; melegance; vulgarity; grossness; as, coarseness of food, texture, manners, or language . "The coarseness of the sackcloth."

Dr. H. More.

Pardon the coarseness of the illustration. L'Estrange.

A coarseness and vulgarity in all the proceedings. Burke.

Coarticulation <Xpage=271>

Co`ar*tic`u*la"tion (?) , n. (Anat.) The unoin or articulation of bones to form a joint.

Co-assessor <Xpage=271>

Co`-as*sess"or (?) , n. A joint assessor.

Coast <Xpage=271>

Coast (?) , n. [OF. coste , F. c\'93te , rib, hill, shore, coast, L. costa rib, side. Cf. Accost , v. t. , Cutlet .] 1. The side of a thing. [Obs.]

Sir I. Newton.

2. The exterior line, limit, or border of a country; frontier border. [Obs.]

From the river, the river Euphrates, even to the uttermost sea, shall your coast be. Deut. xi. 24.

3. The seashore, or land near it.

He sees in English ships the Holland coast . Dryden.

We the Arabian coast do know At distance, when the species blow. Waller.

The coast is clear , the danger is over; no enemy in sight.

Dryden.

Fig.: There are no obstacles. "Seeing that the coast was clear , Zelmane dismissed Musidorus."

Sir P. Sidney.

Coast guard . (a) A body of men originally employed along the coast to prevent smuggling; now, under the control of the admiralty, drilled as a naval reserve. [Eng.] (b) The force employed in lifesaving stations along the seacoast. [U. S.] -- Coast rat (Zo\'94l.) , a South African mammal ( Bathyergus suillus ), about the size of a rabbit, remarkable for its extensive burrows; -- called also sand mole . -- Coast waiter , a customhouse officer who superintends the landing or shipping of goods for the coast trade. [Eng.]

Coast <Xpage=271>

Coast (?) , v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Coasted ; p. pr. & vb. n. Coasting .] [OE. costien , costeien , costen , OF. costier , costoier , F. c\'93toyer , fr . Of . coste coast, F. c\'93te . See Coast , n. ] 1. To draw or keep near; to approach. [Obs.]

Anon she hears them chant it lustily, And all in haste she coasteth to the cry. Shak.

2. To sail by or near the shore.

The ancients coasted only in their navigation. Arbuthnot.

3. To sail from port to port in the same country.

4. [Cf. OF. coste , F. c\'93te , hill, hillside.] To slide down hill; to slide on a sled, upon snow or ice. [Local, U. S.]

Coast <Xpage=271>

Coast , v. t. 1. To draw near to; to approach; to keep near, or by the side of. [Obs.]

Hakluyt.

2. To sail by or near; to follow the coast line of.

Nearchus, . . . not knowing the compass, was fain to coast that shore. Sir T. Browne.

3. To conduct along a coast or river bank. [Obs.]

The Indians . . . coasted me along the river. Hakluyt.

Coastal <Xpage=271>

Coast"al (?) , a. Of or pertaining to a cast.

Coaster <Xpage=271>

Coast"er (?) , n. 1. A vessel employed in sailing along a coast, or engaged in the coasting trade.

2. One who sails near the shore.

Coasting <Xpage=271>

Coast"ing (?) , a. Sailing along or near a coast, or running between ports along a coast.

Coasting trade , trade carried on by water between neighboring ports of the same country, as distinguished fron foreign trade or trade involving long voyages. -- Coasting vessel , a vessel employed in coasting; a coaster.

Coasting <Xpage=271>

Coast"ing , n. 1. A sailing along a coast, or from port to port; a carrying on a coasting trade.

2. Sliding down hill; sliding on a sled upon snow or ice. [Local, U. S.]

Coastwise, Coastways <Xpage=271>

Coast"wise` (?) , Coast"ways` (?) , adv. By way of, or along, the coast.

Coat <Xpage=271>

Coat (?; 110) , n. [OF. cote , F. cotte , petticoat, cotte d'armes coat of arms, cotte de mailles coat of mail, LL. cota , cotta , tunic, prob. of German origin; cf. OHG. chozzo coarse mantle, G. klotze , D. kot , hut, E. cot . Cf. Cot a hut.] 1. An outer garment fitting the upper part of the body; especially, such a garment worn by men.

Let each His adamantine coat gird well. Milton.

2. A petticoat. [Obs.] "A child in coats ."

Locke.

3. The habit or vesture of an order of men, indicating the order or office; cloth.

Men of his coat should be minding their prayers. Swift.

She was sought by spirits of richest coat . Shak.

4. An external covering like a garment, as fur, skin, wool, husk, or bark; as, the horses coats were sleek .

Fruit of all kinds, in coat Rough or smooth rined, or bearded husk, or shell. Milton.

5. A layer of any substance covering another; a cover; a tegument; as, the coats of the eye; the coats of an onion; a coat of tar or varnish.

6. Same as Coat of arms . See below.

Hark, countrymen! either renew the fight, Or tear the lions out of England's coat . Shak.

7. A coat card. See below. [Obs.]

Here's a trick of discarded cards of us! We were ranked with coats as long as old master lived. Massinger.

Coat armor . See under Armor . -- Coat of arms (Her.) , a translation of the French cotte d'armes , a garment of light material worn over the armor in the 15th and 16th centuries. This was often charged with the heraldic bearings of the wearer. Hence, an heraldic achievement; the bearings of any person, taken together. -- Coat card , a card bearing a coated figure; the king, queen, or knave of playing cards. "\'bfI am a coat card indeed.' \'bfThen thou must needs be a knave, for thou art neither king nor queen.'" Rowley. -- Coat link , a pair of buttons or studs joined by a link, to hold together the lappels of a double-breasted coat; or a button with a loop for a single-breasted coat. -- Coat of mail , a defensive garment of chain mail. See Chain mail , under Chain . -- Mast coat (Naut.) , a piece of canvas nailed around a mast, where it passes through the deck, to prevent water from getting below. -- Sail coat (Naut.) , a canvas cover laced over furled sails, and the like, to keep them dry and clean.

Coat <Xpage=271>

Coat (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Coated ; p. pr. & vb. n. Coating .] 1. To cover with a coat or outer garment.

2. To cover with a layer of any substance; as, to coat a jar with tin foil; to coat a ceiling.

Coatee <Xpage=271>

Coat*ee" (?) , n. A coat with short flaps.

Coati <Xpage=271>

Co*a"ti (? &or; <?/) , n. [From the native name: cf. F. coati .] (Zo\'94l.) A mammal of tropical America of the genus Nasua , allied to the raccoon, but with a longer body, tail, and nose.

&hand; The red coati ( N. socialis ), called also coati mondi , inhabits Mexico and Central America. The brown coati ( N. narica ) is found in Surinam and Brazil.

Coating <Xpage=271>

Coat"ing (?) , n. 1. A coat or covering; a layer of any substance, as a cover or protection; as, the coating of a retort or vial .

2. Cloth for coats; as, an assortment of coatings .

Coatless <Xpage=271>

Coat"less (?) , a. Not wearing a coat; also, not possessing a coat.

Coax <Xpage=271>

Coax (?; 110) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Coaxed (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Coaxing .] [Cf. OE. cokes fool, a person easily imposed upon, W. coeg empty, foolish; F. coquin knave, rogue.] To persuade by gentle, insinuating courtesy, flattering, or fondling; to wheedle; to soothe.

Syn. -- To wheedle; cajole; flatter; persuade; entice.

Coax <Xpage=271>

Coax , n. A simpleton; a dupe. [Obs.]

Beau & Fl.

Coaxation <Xpage=271>

Co`ax*a"tion (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ the noise of frogs.] The act of croaking. [R]

Dr. H. More.

Coaxer <Xpage=271>

Coax"er (?) , n. One who coaxes.

Coaxingly <Xpage=271>

Coax"ing*ly , adv. In a coaxing manner; by coaxing.

Cob <Xpage=271>