Chapter 274

3. (Arch.) The fillet, listel, or band next to the apophyge at the extremity of the shaft of a column.

Cinctured <Xpage=256>

Cinc"tured (?) , n. Having or wearing a cincture or gridle.

Cinder <Xpage=256>

Cin"der (?) , n. [AS. sinder slag, dross; akin to Icel. sindr dross, Sw. sinder , G. sinter , D. sintel ; perh. influenced by F. cendre ashes, fr. L. cinis . Cf. Sinter .]

1. Partly burned or vitrified coal, or other combustible, in which fire is extinct.

2. A hot coal without flame; an ember.

Swift.

3. A scale thrown off in forging metal.

4. The slag of a furnace, or scoriaceous lava from a volcano.

Cinder frame , a framework of wire in front of the tubes of a locomotive, to arrest the escape of cinders. -- Cinder notch (Metal.) , the opening in a blast furnace, through which melted cinder flows out.

Cindery <Xpage=256>

Cin"der*y (?) , a. Resembling, or composed of, cinders; full of cinders.

Cinefaction <Xpage=256>

Cin`e*fac"tion (?) , n. [LL. cinefactio : L. cinis ashes + facere to make: cf. F. cin\'82faction .] Cineration; reduction to ashes. [Obs.]

Cinematic, Cinematical <Xpage=256>

Cin`e*mat"ic (?) , Cin`e*mat"ic*al (?) , a. See Kinematic .

Cinematics <Xpage=256>

Cin`e*mat"ics (?) , n. sing. See Kinematics .

Cineraceous <Xpage=256>

Cin`er*a"ceous (?) , a. [L. cineraceus , fr. cinis ashes.] Like ashes; ash-colored; cinerous.

Cineraria <Xpage=256>

Cin`e*ra"ri*a (?) , n. [NL., fr. LL. cinerarius pert. to ashes, fr. cinis ashes. So called from the ash-colored down on the leaves.] (Bot.) A Linn\'91an genus of free-flowering composite plants, mostly from South Africa. Several species are cultivated for ornament.

Cinerary <Xpage=256>

Cin"er*a*ry (?) , a. [L. cinerarius , fr. cinis ashes.] Pertaining to ashes; containing ashes.

Cinerary urns , vessels used by the ancients to preserve the ashes of the dead when burned.

Cineration <Xpage=256>

Cin`er*a"tion (?) , n. [L. cinis ashes: cf. F. cin\'82ration .] The reducing of anything to ashes by combustion; cinefaction.

Cinereous <Xpage=256>

Ci*ne"re*ous (?) , a. [L. cinereus , fr. cinis ashes.] Like ashes; ash-colored; grayish.

Cinerescent <Xpage=256>

Cin`er*es"cent (?) , a. Somewhat cinereous; of a color somewhat resembling that of wood ashes.

Cineritious <Xpage=256>

Cin`er*i"tious (?) , a. [L. cineritius , cinericius , fr. cinis ashes.] Like ashes; having the color of ashes, -- as the cortical substance of the brain.

Cinerulent <Xpage=256>

Ci*ner"u*lent (?) , a. Full of ashes. [Obs.]

Cingalese <Xpage=256>

Cin`ga*lese" (?) , n. sing. & pl. [Cf. F. Cingalais .] A native or natives of Ceylon descended from its primitive inhabitants; also ( sing. ), the language of the Cingalese. -- a. Of or pertaining to the Cingalese. [Written also Singhalese .]

&hand; Ceylonese is applied to the inhabitants of the island in general.

Cingle <Xpage=256>

Cin"gle (?) , n. [L. cingula , cingulum , fr. cingere to gird.] A girth. [R.] See Surcingle .

Cingulum <Xpage=256>

Cin"gu*lum (?) , n. [L., a girdle.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) A distinct girdle or band of color; a raised spiral line as seen on certain univalve shells. (b) The clitellus of earthworms. (c) The base of the crown of a tooth.

Cinnabar <Xpage=256>

Cin"na*bar (?) , n. [L. cinnabaris , Gr. <?/; prob. of Oriental origin; cf. Per. qinb\'ber , Hind. shangarf .]

1. (Min.) Red sulphide of mercury, occurring in brilliant red crystals, and also in red or brown amorphous masses. It is used in medicine.

2. The artificial red sulphide of mercury used as a pigment; vermilion.

Cinnabar Gr\'91corum (<?/) . [L. Graecorum , gen. pl., of the Greeks.] (Med.) Same as Dragon's blood . -- Green cinnabar , a green pigment consisting of the oxides of cobalt and zinc subjected to the action of fire. -- Hepatic cinnabar (Min.) , an impure cinnabar of a liver-brown color and submetallic luster.

Cinnabarine <Xpage=256>

Cin"na*ba*rine (?) , a. [Cf. F. cinabarin .] Pertaining to, or resembling, cinnabar; consisting of cinnabar, or containing it; as, cinnabarine sand .

Cinnamene <Xpage=256>

Cin"na*mene (?) , n. [From Cinnamic .] (Chem.) Styrene (which was formerly called cinnamene because obtained from cinnamic acid). See Styrene .

Cinnamic <Xpage=256>

Cin*nam"ic (?) , a. [From Cinnamon .] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or obtained from, cinnamon.

Cinnamic acid (Chem.) , a white, crystalline, odorless substance. C6H5.C2H2C2H2.CO2H , formerly obtained from storax and oil of cinnamon, now made from certain benzene derivatives in large quantities, and used for the artificial production of indigo.

Cinnamomic <Xpage=256>

Cin`na*mom"ic (?) , a. [L. cinnamomum cinnamon.] (Chem.) See Cinnamic .

Cinnamon <Xpage=256>

Cin"na*mon (?) , n. [Heb. qinn\'bem\'d3n ; cf. Gr. <?/, <?/, cinnamomum , cinnamon. The Heb. word itself seems to have been borrowed from some other language; cf. Malay k\'bej\'d4 m\'benis sweet wood.] (a) The inner bark of the shoots of Cinnamomum Zeylanicum , a tree growing in Ceylon. It is aromatic, of a moderately pungent taste, and is one of the best cordial, carminative, and restorative spices. (b) Cassia.

Cinnamon stone (Min.) , a variety of garnet, of a cinnamon or hyacinth red color, sometimes used in jewelry. -- Oil of cinnamon , a colorless aromatic oil obtained from cinnamon and cassia, and consisting essentially of cinnamic aldehyde, C6H5.C2H2.CHO . -- Wild cinnamon . See Canella .

Cinnamone <Xpage=256>

Cin"na*mone (?) , n. [ Cinnamic + -one .] A yellow crystalline substance, (C6H5.C2H2)2CO , the ketone of cinnamic acid.

<page="257"> Page 257

Cinnamyl <Xpage=257>

Cin"na*myl (?) , n. [ Cinnamic + -yl .] (Chem.) The hypothetical radical, (C6H5.C2H2)2C , of cinnamic compounds. [Formerly written also cinnamule .]

Cinnoline <Xpage=257>

Cin"no*line (?) , n. [ Cinn amic + quin oline .] A nitrogenous organic base, C8H6N2 , analogous to quinoline, obtained from certain complex diazo compounds.

Cinque <Xpage=257>

Cinque (?) , n. [F. cinq , fr. L. quinque five. See Five .] Five; the number five in dice or cards.

Cinquecento <Xpage=257>

Cin`que*cen"to (?) , n. & a. [It., five hundred, abbrev. for fifteen hundred. The Cinquecento style was so called because it arose after the year 1500.] The sixteenth century, when applied to Italian art or literature; as, the sculpture of the Cinquecento ; Cinquecento style.

Cinquefoil <Xpage=257>

Cinque"foil` (?) , n. [ Cinque five + foil , F. feuille leaf. See Foil .] 1. (Bot.) The name of several different species of the genus Potentilla ; -- also called five-finger , because of the resemblance of its leaves to the fingers of the hand.

2. (Arch.) An ornamental foliation having five points or cups, used in windows, panels, etc.

Gwilt.

Marsh cinquefoil , the Potentilla palustris , a plant with purple flowers which grows in fresh-water marshes.

Cinque-pace <Xpage=257>

Cinque"-pace` (?) , n. [ Cinque + pace .] A lively dance (called also galliard ), the steps of which were regulated by the number five. [Obs.]

Nares. Shak.

Cinque Ports <Xpage=257>

Cinque" Ports` (?) . [ Cinque + port .] (Eng. Hist.) Five English ports, to which peculiar privileges were anciently accorded; -- viz., Hastings, Romney, Hythe, Dover, and Sandwich; afterwards increased by the addition of Winchelsea, Rye, and some minor places.

Baron of the Cinque Ports . See under Baron .

Cinque-spotted <Xpage=257>

Cinque"-spot`ted , a. Five-spotted. [R.]

Shak.

Cinter <Xpage=257>

Cin"ter (?) , n. [F. cintre .] (Arch.) See Center .

Cinura <Xpage=257>

Ci*nu"ra (?) , n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ To move + <?/ tail.] (Zo\'94l.) The group of Thysanura which includes Lepisma and allied forms; the bristletails. See Bristletail , and Lepisma .

Cion <Xpage=257>

Ci"on (?) , n. [OF. cion . See Scion .] See Scion .

The cion overruleth the stock; and the stock is but passive, and giveth aliment, but no motion, to the graft. Bacon.

Cipher <Xpage=257>

Ci"pher (?) , n. [OF. cifre zero, F. Chiffre figure (cf. Sp. cifra , LL. cifra ), fr. Ar. \'87ifrun , \'87afrun , empty, cipher, zero, fr. \'87afira to be empty. Cf. Zero .]

1. (Arith.) A character [0] which, standing by itself, expresses nothing, but when placed at the right hand of a whole number, increases its value tenfold.

2. One who, or that which, has no weight or influence.

Here he was a mere cipher . W. Irving.

3. A character in general, as a figure or letter. [Obs.]

This wisdom began to be written in ciphers and characters and letters bearing the forms of creatures. Sir W. Raleigh.

4. A combination or interweaving of letters, as the initials of a name; a device; a monogram; as, a painter's cipher , an engraver's cipher , etc. The cut represents the initials N. W .

5. A private alphabet, system of characters, or other mode of writing, contrived for the safe transmission of secrets; also, a writing in such characters.

His father . . . engaged him when he was very young to write all his letters to England in cipher . Bp. Burnet.

Cipher key , a key to assist in reading writings in cipher.

Cipher <Xpage=257>

Ci"pher , a. Of the nature of a cipher; of no weight or influence. "Twelve cipher bishops."

Milton.

Cipher <Xpage=257>

Ci"pher , v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Ciphered (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Ciphering .] To use figures in a mathematical process; to do sums in arithmetic.

"T was certain he could write and cipher too. Goldsmith.

Cipher <Xpage=257>

Ci"pher , v. t. 1. To write in occult characters.

His notes he ciphered with Greek characters. Hayward.

2. To get by ciphering; as, to cipher out the answer .

3. To decipher. [Obs.]

Shak.

4. To designate by characters. [Obs.]

Shak.

Cipherer <Xpage=257>

Ci"pher*er (?) , n. One who ciphers.

Cipherhood <Xpage=257>

Ci"pher*hood (?) , n. Nothingness. [R.]

Goodwin.

Cipolin <Xpage=257>

Cip"o*lin (?) , n. [It. cippollino , prop., a little onion, fr. cipolla onion (cf. E. cibol ). So called because its veins consist, like onions, of different strata, one lying upon another.] (Min.) A whitish marble, from Rome, containiing pale greenish zones. It consists of calcium carbonate, with zones and cloudings of talc.

Cippus <Xpage=257>

Cip"pus (?) , n. ; pl. Cippi (#) . [L., stake, post.] A small, low pillar, square or round, commonly having an inscription, used by the ancients for various purposes, as for indicating the distances of places, for a landmark, for sepulchral inscriptions, etc.

Gwilt.

Circ <Xpage=257>

Circ (?) , n. [See Circus .] An amphitheatrical circle for sports; a circus. [R.]

T. Warton.

Circar <Xpage=257>

Cir*car" (?) , n. [See Sircar .] A district, or part of a province. See Sircar . [India]

Circassian <Xpage=257>

Cir*cas"sian (?) , a. Of or pertaining to Circassia, in Asia. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Circassia.

Circean <Xpage=257>

Cir*ce"an (?) , a. [L. Circaeus .] Having the characteristics of Circe, daughter of Sol and Perseis, a mythological enchantress, who first charmed her victims and then changed them to the forms of beasts; pleasing, but noxious; as, a Circean draught .

Circensial, Circensian <Xpage=257>

Cir*cen"sial (?) , Cir*cen"sian (?) , a. [L. Circensis , ludi Circenses , the games in the Circus Maximus.] Of or pertaining to, or held in, the Circus, In Rome.

The pleasure of the Circensian shows. Holyday.

Circinal <Xpage=257>

Cir"ci*nal (?) , a. [Gr. <?/ a circle.] (Bot.) Circinate.

Circinate <Xpage=257>

Cir"ci*nate (?) , a. [L. circinatus , p. p. of circinare to make round, fr. circinus a pair of compasses, from Gr. <?/ a circle.] (Bot.) Rolled together downward, the tip occupying the center; -- a term used in reference to foliation or leafing, as in ferns.

Gray.

Circinate <Xpage=257>

Cir"ci*nate (?) , v. t. To make a circle around; to encompass. [Obs.]

Bailey.

Circination <Xpage=257>

Cir`ci*na"tion (?) , n. [L. circinatio circle.]

1. An orbicular motion. [Obs.]

bailey.

2. A circle; a concentric layer. [Obs.] "The circinations and spherical rounds of onions."

Sir T. Browne.

Circle <Xpage=257>

Cir"cle (?) , n. [OE. cercle , F. cercle , fr. L. circulus (Whence also AS. circul ), dim. of circus circle, akin to Gr. <?/, <?/, circle, ring. Cf. Circus , Circum- .]

1. A plane figure, bounded by a single curve line called its circumference , every part of which is equally distant from a point within it, called the center .

2. The line that bounds sush a figure; a circumference; a ring.

3. (Astron.) An instrument of observation, the graduated limb of which consists of an entire circle.

&hand; When it is fixed to a wall in an observatory, it is called a mural circle ; when mounted with a telescope on an axis and in Y's, in the plane of the meridian, a meridian or transit circle ; when involving the principle of reflection, like the sextant, a reflecting circle ; and when that of repeating an angle several times continuously along the graduated limb, a repeating circle .

4. A round body; a sphere; an orb.

It is he that sitteth upon the circle of the earth. Is. xi. 22.

5. Compass; circuit; inclosure.

In the circle of this forest. Shak.

6. A company assembled, or conceived to assemble, about a central point of interest, or bound by a common tie; a class or division of society; a coterie; a set.

As his name gradually became known, the circle of his acquaintance widened. Macaulay.

7. A circular group of persons; a ring.

8. A series ending where it begins, and repeating itself.

Thus in a circle runs the peasant's pain. Dryden.

9. (Logic) A form of argument in which two or more unproved statements are used to prove each other; inconclusive reasoning.

That heavy bodies descend by gravity; and, again, that gravity is a quality whereby a heavy body descends, is an impertinent circle and teaches nothing. Glanvill.

10. Indirect form of words; circumlocution. [R.]

Has he given the lie, In circle , or oblique, or semicircle. J. Fletcher.

11. A territorial division or district.

&hand; The Circles of the Holy Roman Empire , ten in number, were those principalities or provinces which had seats in the German Diet.

Azimuth circle . See under Azimuth . -- Circle of altitude (Astron.) , a circle parallel to the horizon, having its pole in the zenith; an almucantar. -- Circle of curvature . See Osculating circle of a curve (Below). -- Circle of declination . See under Declination . -- Circle of latitude . (a) (Astron.) A great circle perpendicular to the plane of the ecliptic, passing through its poles. (b) (Spherical Projection) A small circle of the sphere whose plane is perpendicular to the axis. -- Circles of longitude , lesser circles parallel to the ecliptic, diminishing as they recede from it. -- Circle of perpetual apparition , at any given place, the boundary of that space around the elevated pole, within which the stars never set. Its distance from the pole is equal to the latitude of the place. -- Circle of perpetual occultation , at any given place, the boundary of the space around the depressed pole, within which the stars never rise. -- Circle of the sphere , a circle upon the surface of the sphere, called a great circle when its plane passes through the center of the sphere; in all other cases, a small circle . -- Diurnal circle . See under Diurnal . -- Dress circle , a gallery in a theater, generally the one containing the prominent and more expensive seats. -- Druidical circles (Eng. Antiq.) , a popular name for certain ancient inclosures formed by rude stones circularly arranged, as at Stonehenge, near Salisbury. -- Family circle , a gallery in a theater, usually one containing inexpensive seats. -- Horary circles (Dialing) , the lines on dials which show the hours. -- Osculating circle of a curve (Geom.) , the circle which touches the curve at some point in the curve, and close to the point more nearly coincides with the curve than any other circle. This circle is used as a measure of the curvature of the curve at the point, and hence is called circle of curvature . -- Pitch circle . See under Pitch . -- Vertical circle , an azimuth circle. -- Voltaic circle or circuit . See under Circuit . -- To square the circle . See under Square .

Syn. -- Ring; circlet; compass; circuit; inclosure.

Circle <Xpage=257>

Cir"cle , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Circled (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Circling (?) .] [OE. cerclen , F. cercler , fr. L. circulare to make round. See Circle , n. , and cf. Circulate .]

1. To move around; to revolve around.

Other planets circle other suns. Pope.

2. To encompass, as by a circle; to surround; to inclose; to encircle.

Prior. Pope.

Their heads are circled with a short turban. Dampier.