Chapter 272

Chub (?) , n. [This word seems to signify a large or thick fish. Cf. Sw. kubb a short and thick piece of wood, and perh. F. chabot chub.] (Zo\'94l.) A species to fresh-water fish of the Cyprinid\'91 or Carp family. The common European species is Leuciscus cephalus ; the cheven. In America the name is applied to various fishes of the same family, of the genera Semotilus , Squalius , Ceratichthys , etc., and locally to several very different fishes, as the tautog , black bass , etc.

Chub mackerel (Zo\'94l.) , a species of mackerel ( Scomber colias ) in some years found in abundance on the Atlantic coast, but absent in others; -- called also bull mackerel , thimble-eye , and big-eye mackerel . -- Chub sucker (Zo\'94l.) , a fresh-water fish of the United States ( Erimyzon sucetta ); -- called also creekfish .

Chubbed <Xpage=254>

Chub"bed (?) , a. Chubby. [R.]

H. Brooke.

Chubbedness <Xpage=254>

Chub"bed*ness , n. The state of being chubby.

Chubby <Xpage=254>

Chub"by (?) , a. Like a chub; plump, short, and thick. " Chubby faces."

I. Taylor.

Chub-faced <Xpage=254>

Chub"-faced` (?) , a. Having a plump, short face.

Chuck <Xpage=254>

Chuck (?) , v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Chucked (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Chucking .] [Imitative of the sound.] 1. To make a noise resembling that of a hen when she calls her chickens; to cluck.

2. To chuckle; to laugh. [R.]

Marston.

Chuck <Xpage=254>

Chuck , v. t. To call, as a hen her chickens.

Dryden.

Chuck <Xpage=254>

Chuck , n. 1. The chuck or call of a hen.

2. A sudden, small noise.

3. A word of endearment; -- corrupted from chick . "Pray, chuck , come hither."

Shak.

Chuck <Xpage=254>

Chuck , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Chucked (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Chucking .] [F. choquer to strike. Cf. Shock , v. t. ] 1. To strike gently; to give a gentle blow to.

Chucked the barmaid under the chin. W. Irving.

2. To toss or throw smartly out of the hand; to pitch. [Colloq.] "Mahomet Ali will just be chucked into the Nile."

Lord Palmerson.

3. (Mech.) To place in a chuck, or hold by means of a chuck, as in turning; to bore or turn (a hole) in a revolving piece held in a chuck.

Chuck <Xpage=254>

Chuck , n. 1. A slight blow or pat under the chin.

2. A short throw; a toss.

3. (Mach.) A contrivance or machine fixed to the mandrel of a lathe, for holding a tool or the material to be operated upon.

<page="255"> Page 255

Chuck farthing , a play in which a farthing is pitched into a hole; pitch farthing. -- Chuck hole , a deep hole in a wagon rut. -- Elliptic chuck , a chuck having a silder and an eccentric circle, which, as the work turns round, give it a sliding motion across the center which generates an ellipse.

Knight.

Chuck <Xpage=255>

Chuck (?) , n. 1. A small pebble; -- called also chuckstone and chuckiestone . [Scot.]

2. pl. A game played with chucks, in which one or more are tossed up and caught; jackstones. [Scot.]

Chuck <Xpage=255>

Chuck , n. A piece of the backbone of an animal, from between the neck and the collar bone, with the adjoining parts, cut for cooking; as, a chuck steak; a chuck roast. [Colloq.]

Chuckle <Xpage=255>

Chuc"kle (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Chuckled (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Chuckling (?) .] [From lst Chuck .]

1. To call, as a hen her chickens; to cluck. [Obs.]

Dryden.

2. To fondle; to cocker. [Obs.]

Dryden.

Chuckle <Xpage=255>

Chuc"kle , n. A short, suppressed laugh; the expression of satisfaction, exultation, or derision.

Chuckle <Xpage=255>

Chuc"kle , v. i. [From lst Chuck .] To laugh in a suppressed or broken manner, as expressing inward satisfaction, exultation, or derision.

Chucklehead <Xpage=255>

Chuc"kle*head` (?) , n. A person with a large head; a numskull; a dunce. [Low]

Knowles.

Chuckleheaded <Xpage=255>

Chuc"kle*head`ed , a. Having a large head; thickheaded; dull; stupid.

Smart.

Chuck-Will's-widow <Xpage=255>

Chuck`-Will's-wid"ow (?) , n. (Zool.) A species of goatsucker ( Antrostomus Carolinensis ), of the southern United States; -- so called from its note.

Chud <Xpage=255>

Chud (?) , v. t. [Cf. Chew , Cud .] To champ; to bite. [Obs.]

A. Stafford.

Chuet <Xpage=255>

Chu"et (?) , n. [From Chew , v. t.] Minced meat. [Obs.]

Bacon.

Chufa <Xpage=255>

Chu"fa (?) , n. [Sp.] (Bot.) A sedgelike plant ( Cyperus esculentus ) producing edible tubers, native about the Mediterranean, now cultivated in many regions; the earth almond.

Chuff <Xpage=255>

Chuff (?) , n. [Perh. a modification of chub : cf. W. cyff stock, stump.] A coarse or stupid fellow.

Shak.

Chuff <Xpage=255>

Chuff , a. Stupid; churlish. [Prov. Eng.]

Wright.

Chuffily <Xpage=255>

Chuff"i*ly (?) , adv. Clownishly; surlily.

Chuffiness <Xpage=255>

Chuff"i*ness , n. The quality of being chuffy.

Chuffy <Xpage=255>

Chuff"y (?) , a. 1. Fat or puffed out in the cheeks.

2. Rough; clownish; surly.

Chulan <Xpage=255>

Chu"lan (?) , n. (Bot.) The fragrant flowers of the Chloranthus inconspicuus , used in China for perfuming tea.

Chum <Xpage=255>

Chum (?) , n. [Perh. a contraction fr. comrade or chamber fellow : cf. also AS. cuma a comer, guest.] A roommate, especially in a college or university; an old and intimate friend.

Chum <Xpage=255>

Chum , v. i. [ imp. p. p. Chummed (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Chumming .] To occupy a chamber with another; as, to chum together at college . [U. S.]

Chum <Xpage=255>

Chum , n. Chopped pieces of fish used as bait. [U. S.]

Chump <Xpage=255>

Chump (?) , n. [Cf. Icel. kumbr a chopping, E. chop .] A short, thick, heavy piece of wood.

Morton.

Chump end , the thick end; as, the chump end of a joint of meat.

Dickens.

Chunam <Xpage=255>

Chu*nam" (?) , n. [Hind. ch\'d4n\'be , from Skr. c\'d4r\'c9a powder, dust; or a Dravidian word.] Quicklime; also, plaster or mortar. [India]

Whitworth.

Chunk <Xpage=255>

Chunk (?) , n. [Cf. Chump .] A short, thick piece of anything. [Colloq. U. S. & Prov. Eng.]

Chunky <Xpage=255>

Chunk"y (?) , a. Short and thick. [U. S.]

Kane.

Church <Xpage=255>

Church (?) , n. [OE. chirche , chireche , cherche , Scot. kirk , from AS. circe , cyrice ; akin to D. kerk , Icel. kirkja , Sw. kyrka , Dan. kirke , G. kirche , OHG. chirihha ; all fr. Gr. <?/ the Lord's house, fr. <?/ concerning a master or lord, fr. <?/ master, lord, fr. <?/ power, might; akin to Skr. \'87\'d4ra hero, Zend. \'87ura strong, OIr. caur , cur , hero. Cf. Kirk .]

1. A building set apart for Christian worship.

2. A Jewish or heathen temple. [Obs.]

Acts xix. 37.

3. A formally organized body of Christian believers worshiping together. "When they had ordained them elders in every church ."

Acts xiv. 23.

4. A body of Christian believers, holding the same creed, observing the same rites, and acknowledging the same ecclesiastical authority; a denomination; as, the Roman Catholic church ; the Presbyterian church .

5. The collective body of Christians.

6. Any body of worshipers; as, the Jewish church ; the church of Brahm.

7. The aggregate of religious influences in a community; ecclesiastical influence, authority, etc.; as, to array the power of the church against some moral evil .

Remember that both church and state are properly the rulers of the people, only because they are their benefactors. Bulwer.

&hand; Church is often used in composition to denote something belonging or relating to the church; as, church authority; church history; church member; church music, etc.

Apostolic church . See under Apostolic . -- Broad church . See Broad Church . -- Catholic &or; Universal church , the whole body of believers in Christ throughout the world. -- Church of England , &or; English church , the Episcopal church established and endowed in England by law. -- Church living , a benefice in an established church. -- Church militant . See under Militant . -- Church owl (Zo\'94l.) , the white owl. See Barn owl . -- Church rate , a tax levied on parishioners for the maintenance of the church and its services. -- Church session . See under Session . -- Church triumphant . See under Triumphant . -- Church work , work on, or in behalf of, a church; the work of a particular church for the spread of religion. -- Established church , the church maintained by the civil authority; a state church.

Church <Xpage=255>

Church , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Churched (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Churching .] To bless according to a prescribed form, or to unite with in publicly returning thanks in church, as after deliverance from the dangers of childbirth; as, the churching of women .

Church-ale <Xpage=255>

Church"-ale` (?) , n. A church or parish festival (as in commemoration of the dedication of a church), at which much ale was used.

Wright. Nares.

Church-bench <Xpage=255>

Church"-bench` (?) , n. A seat in the porch of a church.

Shak.

Churchdom <Xpage=255>

Church"dom (?) , n. The institution, government, or authority of a church. [R.]

Bp. Pearson.

Churchgoer <Xpage=255>

Church"go`er (?) , n. One who attends church.

Churchgoing <Xpage=255>

Church"go`ing , a. 1. Habitually attending church.

2. Summoning to church.

The sound of the churchgoing bell. Cowper.

Church-haw <Xpage=255>

Church"-haw` (?) , n. [ Church + haw a yard.] Churchyard. [Obs.]

Chaucer.

Churchism <Xpage=255>

Church"ism (?) , n. Strict adherence to the forms or principles of some church organization; sectarianism.

Churchless <Xpage=255>

Church"less (?) , a. Without a church.

T. Fuller.

Churchlike <Xpage=255>

Church"like` (?) , a. Befitting a church or a churchman; becoming to a clergyman.

Shak.

Churchliness <Xpage=255>

Church"li*ness (?) , n. Regard for the church.

Churchly <Xpage=255>

Church"ly , a. Pertaining to, or suitable for, the church; ecclesiastical.

Churchman <Xpage=255>

Church"man (?) , n. ; pl. Churchmen (#) . 1. An ecclesiastic or clergyman.

2. An Episcopalian, or a member of the Established Church of England. "A zealous churchman ."

Macaulay.

3. One was is attached to, or attends, church.

Churchmanly <Xpage=255>

Church"man*ly , a. Pertaining to, or becoming, a churchman.

Milman.

Churchmanship <Xpage=255>

Church"man*ship , n. The state or quality of being a churchman; attachment to the church.

Church modes <Xpage=255>

Church" modes` (?) . (Mus.) The modes or scales used in ancient church music. See Gregorian .

Churchship <Xpage=255>

Church"ship , n. State of being a church.

South.

Churchwarden <Xpage=255>

Church"ward`en (?) , n. 1. One of the officers (usually two) in an Episcopal church, whose duties vary in different dioceses, but always include the provision of what is necessary for the communion service.

2. A clay tobacco pipe, with a long tube. [Slang, Eng.]

There was a small wooden table placed in front of the smoldering fire, with decanters, a jar of tobacco, and two long churchwardens . W. Black.

Churchwardenship <Xpage=255>

Church"ward`en*ship , n. The office of a churchwarden.

Churchy <Xpage=255>

Church"y , a. Relating to a church; unduly fond of church forms. [Colloq.]

Churchyard <Xpage=255>

Church"yard` (?) , n. The ground adjoining a church, in which the dead are buried; a cemetery.

Like graves in the holy churchyard . Shak.

Syn. -- Burial place; burying ground; graveyard; necropolis; cemetery; God's acre.

Churl <Xpage=255>

Churl (?) , n. [AS. ceorl a freeman of the lowest rank, man, husband; akin to D. karel , kerel , G. kerl , Dan. & Sw. karl , Icel. karl , and to the E. proper name Charles (orig., man , male ), and perh. to Skr. j\'bera lover. Cf. Carl , Charles's Wain .] 1. A rustic; a countryman or laborer. "A peasant or churl ."

Spenser.

Your rank is all reversed; let men of cloth Bow to the stalwart churls in overalls. Emerson.

2. A rough, surly, ill-bred man; a boor.

A churl's courtesy rarely comes, but either for gain or falsehood. Sir P. Sidney.

3. A selfish miser; an illiberal person; a niggard.

Like to some rich churl hoarding up his pelf. Drayton.

Churl <Xpage=255>

Churl , a. Churlish; rough; selfish. [Obs.]

Ford.

Churlish <Xpage=255>

Churl"ish , a. 1. Like a churl; rude; cross-grained; ungracious; surly; illiberal; niggardly. " Churlish benefits."

Ld. Burleigh.

Half mankind maintain a churlish strife. Cowper.

2. Wanting pliancy; unmanageable; unyielding; not easily wrought; as, a churlish soil; the churlish and intractable nature of some minerals.

Boyle.

Churlishly <Xpage=255>

Churl"ish*ly , adv. In a churlish manner.

Churlishness <Xpage=255>

Churl"ish*ness , n. Rudeness of manners or temper; lack of kindness or courtesy.

Churly <Xpage=255>

Churl"y (?) , a. Rude; churlish; violent.

Longfellow.

Churme, Chirm <Xpage=255>

Churme (?) , Chirm (?) , n. [See Chirm .] Clamor, or confused noise; buzzing. [Obs.]

The churme of a thousand taunts and reproaches. Bacon.

Churn <Xpage=255>

Churn (?) , n. [OE. chirne , cherne , AS. ceren , cyrin ; akin to D. karn , Dan. kierne . See Churn , v. t. ] A vessel in which milk or cream is stirred, beaten, or otherwise agitated (as by a plunging or revolving dasher) in order to separete the oily globules from the other parts, and obtain butter.

Churn <Xpage=255>

Churn , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Churned (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Churning .] [OE. chernen , AS. cernan ; akin to LG. karnen , G. kernen , D. karnen , Dan. kierne , Sw. k\'84rna , and also to E. corn , kernel , the meaning coming from the idea of extracting the kernel or marrow. See Kernel .] 1. To stir, beat, or agitate, as milk or cream in a churn, in order to make butter.

2. To shake or agitate with violence.

Churned in his teeth, the foamy venom rose. Addison.

Churn <Xpage=255>

Churn , v. i. To perform the operation of churning.

Churning <Xpage=255>

Churn"ing , n. 1. The act of one who churns.

2. The quantity of butter made at one operation.

Churrus <Xpage=255>

Chur"rus (?) , n. [Hind. charas .] A powerfully narcotic and intoxicating gum resin which exudes from the flower heads, seeds, etc., of Indian hemp.

Churrworm <Xpage=255>

Churr"worm` (?) , n. [AS. cyrran , cerran , to turn.] (Zo\'94l.) An insect that turns about nimbly; the mole cricket; -- called also fan cricket .

Johnson.

Chuse <Xpage=255>

Chuse (?) , v. t. See Choose. [Obs.]

Chute <Xpage=255>

Chute (?) , n. [F. chute , prop. a fall.] 1. A framework, trough, or tube, upon or through which objects are made to slide from a higher to a lower level, or through which water passes to a wheel.

2. See Shoot .

Chutney, Chutnee <Xpage=255>

Chut"ney (?) , Chut"nee (?) , n. [Hind. chatn\'c6 .] A warm or spicy condiment or pickle made in India, compounded of various vegetable substances, sweets, acids, etc.

Chylaceous <Xpage=255>

Chy*la"ceous (?) , a. (Physiol.) Possessed of the properties of chyle; consisting of chyle.

Chylaqueous <Xpage=255>

Chy*la"que*ous (?) , a. [ Chyle + aqueous .] (Zo\'94l.) Consisting of chyle much diluted with water; -- said of a liquid which forms the circulating fluid of some inferior animals.

Chyle <Xpage=255>

Chyle (?) , n. [NL. chylus , Gr. <?/ juice, chyle, fr. <?/ to pour: cf. F. chyle ; prob. akin to E. fuse to melt.] (Physiol.) A milky fluid containing the fatty matter of the food in a state of emulsion, or fine mechanical division; formed from chyme by the action of the intestinal juices. It is absorbed by the lacteals, and conveyed into the blood by the thoracic duct.

Chylifaction <Xpage=255>

Chyl`i*fac"tion (?) , n. [ Chyle + L. facere to make.] (Physiol.) The act or process by which chyle is formed from food in animal bodies; chylification, -- a digestive process.

Chylifactive <Xpage=255>

Chyl`i*fac"tive (?) , a. (Physiol.) Producing, or converting into, chyle; having the power to form chyle.

Chyliferous <Xpage=255>

Chy*lif"er*ous (?) , a. [ Chyle + -ferous : cf. F. chylif\'8are .] (Physiol.) Transmitting or conveying chyle; as, chyliferous vessels .

Chylific <Xpage=255>

Chy*lif"ic (?) , a. Chylifactive.

Chylification <Xpage=255>

Chyl`i*fi*ca"tion (?) , n. (Physiol.) The formation of chyle. See Chylifaction .

Chylificatory <Xpage=255>