Chapter 271

Chrome alum (Chem.) , a dark violet substance, (SO4)3Cr2.K2SO4.24H2O , analogous to, and crystallizing like, common alum. It is regarded as a double sulphate of chromium and potassium. -- Chrome green (a) The green oxide of chromium, Cr2O3 , used in enamel painting, and glass staining. (b) A pigment made by mixing chrome yellow with Prussian blue. -- Chrome red , a beautiful red pigment originally prepared from the basic chromate of lead, but now made from red oxide of lead. -- Chrome yellow , a brilliant yellow pigment, PbCrO4 , used by painters.

Chromic <Xpage=253>

Chro"mic (?) , a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or obtained from, chromium; -- said of the compounds of chromium in which it has its higher valence.

Chromic acid , an acid, H2CrO4 , analogous to sulphuric acid, not readily obtained in the free state, but forming well known salts, many of which are colored pigments, as chrome yellow, chrome red, etc. -- Chromic anhydride , a brilliant red crystalline substance, CrO3 , regarded as the anhydride of chromic acid. It is one of the most powerful oxidizers known.

Chromid <Xpage=253>

Chro"mid (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ a kind of fish.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the Chromid\'91 , a family of fresh-water fishes abundant in the tropical parts of America and Africa. Some are valuable food fishes, as the bulti of the Nile.

Chromidrosis <Xpage=253>

Chro`mi*dro"sis (?) , n. [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ color + <?/ sweat.] (Med.) Secretion of abnormally colored perspiration.

Chromism <Xpage=253>

Chro"mism (?) , n. Same as Chromatism .

Chromite <Xpage=253>

Chro"mite (?) , n. 1. (Min.) A black submetallic mineral consisting of oxide of chromium and iron; -- called also chromic iron .

2. (Chem.) A compound or salt of chromous hydroxide regarded as an acid. [R.]

Chromium <Xpage=253>

Chro"mi*um (?) , n. [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ color.] (Chem.) A comparatively rare element occurring most abundantly in the mineral chromite. Atomic weight 52.5. Symbol Cr. When isolated it is a hard, brittle, grayish white metal, fusible with difficulty. Its chief commercial importance is for its compounds, as potassium chromate, lead chromate, etc., which are brilliantly colored and are used dyeing and calico printing. Called also chrome . <-- used as an ingredient in stainless steel, or chrome steel. The yellow pigments are also used in paints, as in painting yellow stripes on macadam highways. -->

Chromo <Xpage=253>

Chro"mo (?) , n. ; pl. Chromos (#) . [Abbrev. from chromo lithograph.] A chromolithograph.

Chromoblast <Xpage=253>

Chro"mo*blast (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ color + -blast .] An embryonic cell which develops into a pigment cell.

Chromogen <Xpage=253>

Chro"mo*gen (?) , [Gr. <?/ color + -gen .]

1. (Biol.) Vegetable coloring matter other than green; chromule.

2. (Chem.) Any colored compound, supposed to contain one or more chromophores.

Chromogenic <Xpage=253>

Chro"mo*gen"ic (?) , a. (Biol.) Containing, or capable of forming, chromogen; as, chromogenic bacteria .

Chromograph <Xpage=253>

Chro"mo*graph (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ color + -graph .] An apparatus by which a number of copies of written matter, maps, plans, etc., can be made; -- called also hectograph .

<page="254"> Page 254

Chromoleucite <Xpage=254>

Chro`mo*leu"cite (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ color + E. leucite .] (Bot.) A chromoplastid.

Chromolithograph <Xpage=254>

Chro`mo*lith"o*graph (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ color + E. lithograph .] A picture printed in tints and colors by repeated impressions from a series of stones prepared by the lithographic process.

Chromolithographer <Xpage=254>

Chro`mo*li*thog"ra*pher (?) , n. One who is engaged in chromolithography.

Chromolithographic <Xpage=254>

Chro"mo*lith`o*graph"ic (?) , a. Pertaining to, or made by, chromolithography.

Chromolithohraphy <Xpage=254>

Chro"mo*li*thoh"ra*phy (?) , n. Lithography adapted to printing in inks of various colors.

Chromophane <Xpage=254>

Chro"mo*phane (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ color + <?/ to show.] (Physiol.) A general name for the several coloring matters, red, green, yellow, etc., present in the inner segments in the cones of the retina, held in solution by fats, and slowly decolorized by light; distinct from the photochemical pigments of the rods of the retina.

Chromophore <Xpage=254>

Chro"mo*phore (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ color + <?/ to bear.] (Chem.) Any chemical group or residue (as NO<?/; N<?/; or O<?/) which imparts some decided color to the compound of which it is an ingredient.

Chromophotography <Xpage=254>

Chro`mo*pho*tog"ra*phy (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ color + E. photography .] The art of producing photographs in colors.

Chromophotolithograph <Xpage=254>

Chro"mo*pho`to*lith"o*graph (?) , n. A photolithograph printed in colors.

Chromoplastid <Xpage=254>

Chro`mo*plas"tid (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ + E. plastid .] (Bot.) A protoplasmic granule of some other color than green; -- also called chromoleucite .

Chromosome <Xpage=254>

Chro"mo*some` (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ color + <?/ the body.] (Biol.) One of the minute bodies into which the chromatin of the nucleus is resolved during mitotic cell division; the idant of Weismann.

Chromosphere <Xpage=254>

Chro"mo*sphere (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ color + E. sphere .] (Astron.) An atmosphere of rare matter, composed principally of incandescent hydrogen gas, surrounding the sun and enveloping the photosphere. Portions of the chromosphere are here and there thrown up into enormous tongues of flame.

Chromospheric <Xpage=254>

Chro`mo*spher"ic (?) , a. Of or pertaining to the chromosphere.

Chromotype <Xpage=254>

Chro"mo*type (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ color + -type .] 1. A sheet printed in colors by any process, as a chromolithograph. See Chromolithograph .

2. A photographic picture in the natural colors.

Chromous <Xpage=254>

Chro"mous (?) , a. Of, pertaining to, or derived from, chromium, when this element has a valence lower than that in chromic compounds.

Chromous acid , a bluish gray powder, CrO.OH, of weak acid properties and regard as an acid.

Chromule <Xpage=254>

Chro"mule (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ color + <?/ matter.] (Bot.) A general name for coloring matter of plants other than chlorophyll, especially that of petals.

Chronic <Xpage=254>

Chron"ic (?) , a. [L. chronicus , Gr. <?/ concerning time, from <?/ time: cf. F. chronique .] 1. Relating to time; according to time.

2. Continuing for a long time; lingering; habitual.

Chronic disease , one which is inveterate, of long continuance, or progresses slowly, in distinction from an acute disease, which speedly terminates.

Chronical <Xpage=254>

Chron"ic*al (?) , a. Chronic.

Partly on a chronical , and partly on a topical method. J. A. Alexander.

Chronicle <Xpage=254>

Chron"i*cle (?) , n. [OE. cronicle , fr. cronique , OF. cronique , F. chronique , L. chronica , fr. Gr. <?/, neut. pl. of <?/. See Chronic .] 1. An historical register or account of facts or events disposed in the order of time.

2. A narrative of events; a history; a record.

3. pl. The two canonical books of the Old Testament in which immediately follow 2 Kings.

Syn. - Register; record; annals. See History .

Chronicle <Xpage=254>

Chron"i*cle , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Chronicled (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Chronicling (?) .] To record in a history or chronicle; to record; to register.

Shak.

Chronicler <Xpage=254>

Chron"i*cler (?) , n. A writer of a chronicle; a recorder of events in the order of time; an historian.

Such an honest chronicler as Griffith. Shak.

Chronique <Xpage=254>

Chro`nique" (?) , n. [F. See Chronicle .] A chronicle.

L. Addison.

Chronogram <Xpage=254>

Chron"o*gram (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ time + <?/ writing, character: cf. F. chronogramme .] 1. An inscription in which certain numeral letters, made to appear specially conspicuous, on being added together, express a particular date or epoch, as in the motto of a medal struck by Gustavus Adolphus in 1632: ChrIstVs DVX; ergo trIVMphVs. - the capitals of which give, when added as numerals, the sum 1632.

2. The record or inscription made by a chronograph.

Chronogrammatic, Chronogrammatical <Xpage=254>

Chron`o*gram*mat"ic (?) , Chron`o*gram*mat"ic*al (?) , a. [Cf. F. chronogrammatique .] Belonging to a chronogram, or containing one.

Chronogrammatist <Xpage=254>

Chron`o*gram"ma*tist (?) , n. A writer of chronograms.

Chronograph <Xpage=254>

Chron"o*graph (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ time + -graph : cf. F. chronographe .] 1. An instrument for measuring or recording intervals of time, upon a revolving drum or strip of paper moved by clockwork. The action of the stylus or pen is controlled by electricity.

2. Same as Chronogram , 1. [R.]

3. A chronoscope.

Chronographer <Xpage=254>

Chro*nog"ra*pher (?) , n. One who writes a chronography; a chronologer.

Tooke.

Chronographic <Xpage=254>

Chron`o*graph"ic (?) , a. Of or pertaining to a chronograph.

Chronography <Xpage=254>

Chro*nog"ra*phy (?) , n. [Gr. <?/. See Chronograph .] A description or record of past time; history. [Obs.]

Bp. Hall.

Chronologer <Xpage=254>

Chro*nol"o*ger (?) , n. Same as Chronologist .

Chronologic, Chronological <Xpage=254>

Chron`o*log"ic (?) , Chron`o*log"ic*al (?) , a. [Gr. <?/.] Relating to chronology; containing an account of events in the order of time; according to the order of time; as, chronological tables . Raleigh . -- Chron`o*log"ic*al*ly , adv.

Chronologist, Chronologer <Xpage=254>

Chro*nol"o*gist (?) , Chro*nol"o*ger (?) , n. [Gr. <?/.] A person who investigates dates of events and transactions; one skilled in chronology.

That learned noise and dust of the chronologist is wholly to be avoided. Locke.

THe most exact chronologers tell us that Christ was born in October, and not in December. John Knox.

Chronology <Xpage=254>

Chro*nol"o*gy (?) , n. ; pl. Chronologies (#) . [Gr. <?/; <?/ time + <?/ discourse: cf. F. chronologie .] The science which treats of measuring time by regular divisions or periods, and which assigns to events or transactions their proper dates.

If history without chronology is dark and confused, chronology without history is dry and insipid. A. Holmes.

Chronometer <Xpage=254>

Chro*nom"e*ter (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ time + -meter : cf. F. chronom\'8atre .] 1. An instrument for measuring time; a timekeeper.

2. A portable timekeeper, with a heavy compensation balance, and usually beating half seconds; -- intended to keep time with great accuracy for use an astronomical observations, in determining longitude, etc.

3. (Mus.) A metronome.

Box chronometer . See under Box . -- Pocket chronometer , a chronometer in the form of a large watch. -- To rate a chronometer . See Rate , v. t.

Chronometric, Chronometrical <Xpage=254>

Chron`o*met"ric (?) , Chron`o*met"ric*al (?) , a. [Cf. F. chronom\'82trique .] Pertaining to a chronometer; measured by a chronometer.

Chronometry <Xpage=254>

Chro*nom"e*try (?) , n. [Cf. F. chronom\'82trie .] The art of measuring time; the measuring of time by periods or divisions.

Chronopher <Xpage=254>

Chron"o*pher (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ time + <?/ to carry.] An instrument signaling the correct time to distant points by electricity.

Chronoscope <Xpage=254>

Chron"o*scope (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ time + -scope .] An instrument for measuring minute intervals of time; used in determining the velocity of projectiles, the duration of short-lived luminous phenomena, etc.

Chrysalid <Xpage=254>

Chrys"a*lid (?) , a. Pertaining to a chrysalis; resembling a chrysalis.

Chrysalid <Xpage=254>

Chrys"a*lid , n. ; pl. Chrysalids . See Chrysalis .

Chrysalis <Xpage=254>

Chrys"a*lis (?) , n. ; pl. Chrysalides (#) . [L. chrysallis the gold-colored pupa of butterflies, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ gold. Cf. Aurelia .] (Zo\'94l.) The pupa state of certain insects, esp. of butterflies, from which the perfect insect emerges. See Pupa , and Aurelia (a) .

Chrysaniline <Xpage=254>

Chrys*an"i*line (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ gold + E. anilene .] (Chem.) A yellow substance obtained as a by-product in the manufacture of rosaniline. It dyes silk a fine golden-yellow color.

Chrysanthemum <Xpage=254>

Chrys*an"the*mum (?) , n. [L., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ gold + <?/ flower.] (Bot.) A genus of composite plants, mostly perennial, and of many species including the many varieties of garden chrysanthemums (annual and perennial), and also the feverfew and the oxeye daisy.

Chrysarobin <Xpage=254>

Chrys`a*ro"bin (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ gold + araroba a foreign name of Goa powder + -in .] (Chem.) A bitter, yellow substance forming the essential constituent of Goa powder, and yielding chrysophanic acid proper; hence formerly called also chrysphanic acid .

Chrysaurin <Xpage=254>

Chrys*au"rin (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ gold + L. aurum gold. So called from its color.] An orange-colored dyestuff, of artificial production.

Chryselephantine <Xpage=254>

Chrys`el*e*phan"tine (?) , a. [Gr. <?/ gold + <?/ made of ivory, fr. <?/ ivory, elephant.] Composed of, or adorned with, gold and ivory.

&hand; The chryselephantine statues of the Greeks were built up with inferior materials, veneered, as it were, with ivory for the flesh, and gold decorated with color for the hair and garments.

Chrysene <Xpage=254>

Chry"sene (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ gold.] (Chem.) One of the higher aromatic hydrocarbons of coal tar, allied to napthalene and anthracene. It is a white crystalline substance, C18H12 , of strong blue fluorescence, but generally colored yellow by impurities.

Chrysoberyl <Xpage=254>

Chrys"o*ber`yl (?) , n. [L. chrysoberyllus , Gr. <?/; <?/ gold + <?/ beryl.] (Min.) A mineral, found in crystals, of a yellow to green or brown color, and consisting of aluminia and glucina. It is very hard, and is often used as a gem.

Chrysochlore <Xpage=254>

Chrys"o*chlore (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ gold + <?/ light green: cf. F. chrysochlore .] (Zo\'94l.) A South African mole of the genus Chrysochloris ; the golden mole, the fur of which reflects brilliant metallic hues of green and gold.

Chrysocolla <Xpage=254>

Chrys"o*col`la (?) , n. [L., fr. Gr. <?/ gold solder; <?/ gold + <?/ glue.] (Min.) A hydrous silicate of copper, occurring massive, of a blue or greenish blue color.

Chrysogen <Xpage=254>

Chrys"o*gen (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ gold + -gen .] (Chem.) A yellow crystalline substance extracted from crude anthracene.

Chrysography <Xpage=254>

Chry*sog"ra*phy (?) , n. [Gr. <?/; <?/ gold + <?/ to write.] 1. The art of writing in letters of gold.

2. A writing executed in letters of gold.

Chryso\'8bdine <Xpage=254>

Chrys*o"\'8b*dine (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ gold + -oid + -ine .] (Chem.) An artificial, yellow, crystalline dye, C6H5N2.C6H3(NH2)2 . Also, one of a group of dyestuffs resembling chryso\'8bdine proper.

Chrysolite <Xpage=254>

Chrys"o*lite (?) , n. [L. chrysolithos , Gr. <?/; <?/ gold + <?/ stone: cf. F. chrysolithe .] (Min.) A mineral, composed of silica, magnesia, and iron, of a yellow to green color. It is common in certain volcanic rocks; -- called also olivine and peridot . Sometimes used as a gem. The name was also early used for yellow varieties of tourmaline and topaz.

Chrysology <Xpage=254>

Chry*sol"o*gy (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ gold + -logy .] That branch of political economy which relates to the production of wealth.

Chrysopa <Xpage=254>

Chrys*o"pa (?) , n. [NL., from Gr. <?/ gold + <?/, <?/, eye, face.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of neuropterous insects. See Lacewing .

Chrysophane <Xpage=254>

Chrys"o*phane (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ gold + <?/ to show.] (Chem.) A glucoside extracted from rhubarb as a bitter, yellow, crystalline powder, and yielding chrysophanic acid on decomposition.

Chrysophanic <Xpage=254>

Chrys`o*phan"ic (?) , a. Pertaining to, or derived from, or resembling, chrysophane.

Chrysophanic acid (Chem.) , a yellow crystalline substance extracted from rhubarb, yellow dock, sienna, chrysarobin, etc., and shown to be a derivative of an anthracene. It is used in the treatment of skin diseases; -- called also rhein , rheic acid , rhubarbarin , etc.

Chrysoprase <Xpage=254>

Chrys"o*prase (?) , n. [OE. crisopace , OF. crisoprace , F. chrysoprase , L. chrysoprasus , fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ gold + <?/ leek.] (Min.) An apple-green variety of chalcedony, colored by nickel. It has a dull flinty luster, and is sometimes used in jewelry.

Chrysoprasus <Xpage=254>

Chry*sop"ra*sus (?) , n. [L.] See Chrysoprase .

Rev. xxi. 20.

Chrysosperm <Xpage=254>

Chrys"o*sperm (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ gold + <?/ seed.] The seed of gold; a means of creating gold. [Obs.]

B. Jonson.

Chrysotype <Xpage=254>

Chrys"o*type (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ gold + -type .] 1. A photographic picture taken upon paper prepared by the use of a sensitive salt of iron and developed by the application of chloride of gold.

Abney.

2. 2process, invented by Sir J.Herschel.

Chthonic <Xpage=254>

Chthon"ic (?) , a. [Gr. <?/, <?/, the earth.] Pertaining to the earth; earthy; as, chthonic religions .

[The] chthonic character of the wife of Zeus. Max M\'81ller.

Chthonophagia, Chthonophagy <Xpage=254>

Chthon`o*pha"gi*a (?) , Chtho*noph"a*gy (?) , n. [NL. chthonophagia ; Gr. <?/, <?/, earth + <?/ to eat.] A disease characterized by an irresistible desire to eat earth, observed in some parts of the southern United States, the West Indies, etc.

Chub <Xpage=254>