The Gutenberg Webster's Unabridged Dictionary

Chapter 27

Chapter 272,671 wordsPublic domain

2. Improvement or progression, physically, mentally, morally, or socially; as, an advance in health, knowledge, or religion; an advance in rank or office.

3. An addition to the price; rise in price or value; as, an advance on the prime cost of goods .

4. The first step towards the attainment of a result; approach made to gain favor, to form an acquaintance, to adjust a difference, etc.; an overture; a tender; an offer; -- usually in the plural.

[He] made the like advances to the dissenters. Swift.

5. A furnishing of something before an equivalent is received (as money or goods), towards a capital or stock, or on loan; payment beforehand; the money or goods thus furnished; money or value supplied beforehand.

I shall, with pleasure, make the necessary advances . Jay.

The account was made up with intent to show what advances had been made. Kent.

In advance (a) In front; before. (b) Beforehand; before an equivalent is received. (c) In the state of having advanced money on account; as, A is advance to B a thousand dollars or pounds.

Advance <Xpage=25>

Ad*vance" (#) , a. Before in place, or beforehand in time; -- used for advanced ; as, an advance guard, or that before the main guard or body of an army; advance payment, or that made before it is due; advance proofs, advance sheets, pages of a forthcoming volume, received in advance of the time of publication.

Advanced <Xpage=25>

Ad*vanced" (#) , a. 1. In the van or front.

2. In the front or before others, as regards progress or ideas; as, advanced opinions, advanced thinkers .

3. Far on in life or time.

A gentleman advanced in years, with a hard experience written in his wrinkles. Hawthorne.

Advanced guard , a detachment of troops which precedes the march of the main body.

Advancement <Xpage=25>

Ad*vance"ment (#) , n. [OE. avancement , F. avancement . See Advance , v. t. ] 1. The act of advancing, or the state of being advanced; progression; improvement; furtherance; promotion to a higher place or dignity; as, the advancement of learning .

In heaven . . . every one (so well they love each other) rejoiceth and hath his part in each other's advancement . Sir T. More.

True religion . . . proposes for its end the joint advancement of the virtue and happiness of the people. Horsley.

2. An advance of money or value; payment in advance. See Advance , 5.

3. (Law) Property given, usually by a parent to a child, in advance of a future distribution.

4. Settlement on a wife, or jointure. [Obs.]

Bacon.

Advancer <Xpage=25>

Ad*van"cer (#) , n. 1. One who advances; a promoter.

2. A second branch of a buck's antler.

Howell.

Advancive <Xpage=25>

Ad*van"cive (#) , a. Tending to advance. [R.]

Advantage <Xpage=25>

Ad*van"tage (?; 61, 48) , n. [OE. avantage , avauntage , F. avantage , fr. avant before. See Advance , and cf. Vantage .] 1. Any condition, circumstance, opportunity, or means, particularly favorable to success, or to any desired end; benefit; as, the enemy had the advantage of a more elevated position .

Give me advantage of some brief discourse. Shak.

The advantages of a close alliance. Macaulay.

2. Superiority; mastery; -- with of or over .

Lest Satan should get an advantage of us. 2 Cor. ii. 11.

3. Superiority of state, or that which gives it; benefit; gain; profit; as, the advantage of a good constitution .

4. Interest of money; increase; overplus (as the thirteenth in the baker's dozen). [Obs.]

And with advantage means to pay thy love. Shak.

Advantage ground , vantage ground. [R.] Clarendon . -- To have the advantage of (any one), to have a personal knowledge of one who does not have a reciprocal knowledge. "You have the advantage of me; I don't remember ever to have had the honor." Sheridan . -- To take advantage of , to profit by; (often used in a bad sense) to overreach, to outwit.

Syn. -- Advantage , Advantageous , Benefit , Beneficial . We speak of a thing as a benefit , or as beneficial , when it is simply productive of good; as, the benefits of early discipline; the beneficial effects of adversity. We speak of a thing as an advantage , or as advantageous , when it affords us the means of getting forward, and places us on a "vantage ground" for further effort. Hence, there is a difference between the benefits and the advantages of early education; between a beneficial and an advantageous investment of money.

Advantage <Xpage=25>

Ad*van"tage , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Advantaged (#) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Advantaging (#) .] [F. avantager , fr. avantage . See Advance .] To give an advantage to; to further; to promote; to benefit; to profit.

The truth is, the archbishop's own stiffness and averseness to comply with the court designs, advantaged his adversaries against him. Fuller.

What is a man advantaged , if he gain the whole world, and lose himself, or be cast away? Luke ix. 25.

To advantage one's self of , to avail one's self of. [Obs.]

Advantageable <Xpage=25>

Ad*van"tage*a*ble (#) , a. Advantageous. [Obs.]

Advantageous <Xpage=25>

Ad`van*ta"geous (#) , a. [F. avantageux , fr. avantage .] Being of advantage; conferring advantage; gainful; profitable; useful; beneficial; as, an advantageous position; trade is advantageous to a nation.

Advabtageous comparison with any other country. Prescott.

You see . . . of what use a good reputation is, and how swift and advantageous a harbinger it is, wherever one goes. Chesterfield.

Advantageously <Xpage=25>

Ad`van*ta"geous*ly , adv. Profitably; with advantage.

Advantageousness <Xpage=25>

Ad`van*ta"geous*ness , n. Profitableness.

Advene <Xpage=25>

Ad*vene" (#) , v. i. [L. advenire ; ad + venire to come: cf. F. avenir , advenir . See Come .] To accede, or come ( to ); to be added to something or become a part of it, though not essential. [R.]

Where no act of the will advenes as a coefficient. Coleridge.

Advenient <Xpage=25>

Ad*ven"ient (#) , a. [L. adviens , p. pr.] Coming from outward causes; superadded. [Obs.]

Advent <Xpage=25>

Ad`vent (#) , n. [L. adventus , fr. advenire , adventum : cf. F. avent . See Advene .] 1. (Eccl.) The period including the four Sundays before Christmas.

Advent Sunday (Eccl.) , the first Sunday in the season of Advent, being always the nearest Sunday to the feast of St. Andrew (Now. 30).

Shipley.

2. The first or the expected second coming of Christ.

3. Coming; any important arrival; approach.

Death's dreadful advent . Young.

Expecting still his advent home. Tennyson.

Adventist <Xpage=25>

Ad"vent*ist (#) , n. One of a religious body, embracing several branches, who look for the proximate personal coming of Christ; -- called also Second Adventists .

Schaff-Herzog Encyc.

Adventitious <Xpage=25>

Ad`ven*ti"tious (#) , a. [L. adventitius .] 1. Added extrinsically; not essentially inherent; accidental or causal; additional; supervenient; foreign.

To things of great dimensions, if we annex an adventitious idea of terror, they become without comparison greater. Burke.

2. (Nat. Hist.) Out of the proper or usual place; as, adventitious buds or roots .

3. (Bot.) Accidentally or sparingly spontaneous in a country or district; not fully naturalized; adventive; -- applied to foreign plants.

4. (Med.) Acquired, as diseases; accidental.

-- Ad`ven*ti"tious*ly , adv. -- Ad`ven*ti"tious*ness , n.

Adventive <Xpage=25>

Ad*ven"tive (#) , a. 1. Accidental.

2. (Bot.) Adventitious.

Gray.

Adventive <Xpage=25>

Ad*ven"tive , n. A thing or person coming from without; an immigrant. [R.]

Bacon.

Adventual <Xpage=25>

Ad*ven"tu*al (?; 135) , a. Relating to the season of advent.

Sanderson.

Adventure <Xpage=25>

Ad*ven"ture (?; 135) , n. [OE. aventure , aunter , anter , F. aventure , fr. LL. adventura , fr. L. advenire , adventum , to arrive, which in the Romance languages took the sense of "to happen, befall." See Advene .]

1. That which happens without design; chance; hazard; hap; hence, chance of danger or loss.

Nay, a far less good to man it will be found, if she must, at all adventures , be fastened upon him individually. Milton.

2. Risk; danger; peril. [Obs.]

He was in great adventure of his life. Berners.

3. The encountering of risks; hazardous and striking enterprise; a bold undertaking, in which hazards are to be encountered, and the issue is staked upon unforeseen events; a daring feat.

He loved excitement and adventure . Macaulay.

4. A remarkable occurrence; a striking event; a stirring incident; as, the adventures of one's life .

Bacon.

5. A mercantile or speculative enterprise of hazard; a venture; a shipment by a merchant on his own account.

A bill of adventure (Com.) , a writing setting forth that the goods shipped are at the owner's risk.

Syn. -- Undertaking; enterprise; venture; event.

Adventure <Xpage=25>

Ad*ven"ture , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Adventured (#) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Adventuring (#) .] [OE. aventuren , auntren , F. aventurer , fr. aventure . See Adventure , n. ] 1. To risk, or hazard; jeopard; to venture.

He would not adventure himself into the theater. Acts xix. 31.

2. To venture upon; to run the risk of; to dare.

Yet they adventured to go back. Bunyan,

Discriminations might be adventured . J. Taylor.

Adventure <Xpage=25>

Ad*ven"ture , v. i. To try the chance; to take the risk.

I would adventure for such merchandise. Shak.

Adventureful <Xpage=25>

Ad*ven"ture*ful (#) , a. Given to adventure.

Adventurer <Xpage=25>

Ad*ven"tur*er (#) , n. [Cf. F. aventurier .]

1. One who adventures; as, the merchant adventurers ; one who seeks his fortune in new and hazardous or perilous enterprises.

2. A social pretender on the lookout for advancement.

Adventuresome <Xpage=25>

Ad*ven"ture*some (#) , a. Full of risk; adventurous; venturesome. -- Ad*ven"ture*some*ness , n.

Adventuress <Xpage=25>

Ad*ven"tur*ess (#) , n. A female adventurer; a woman who tries to gain position by equivocal means.

Adventurous <Xpage=25>

Ad*ven"tur*ous (#) , a. [OE. aventurous , aunterous , OF. aventuros , F. aventureux , fr. aventure . See Adventure , n. ] 1. Inclined to adventure; willing to incur hazard; prone to embark in hazardous enterprise; rashly daring; -- applied to persons.

Bold deed thou hast presumed, adventurous Eve. Milton.

2. Full of hazard; attended with risk; exposing to danger; requiring courage; rash; -- applied to acts; as, an adventurous undertaking, deed, song .

Syn. -- Rash; foolhardy; presumptuous; enterprising; daring; hazardous; venturesome. See Rash .

Adventurously <Xpage=25>

Ad*ven"tur*ous*ly , adv. In an adventurous manner; venturesomely; boldly; daringly.

Adventurousness <Xpage=25>

Ad*ven"tur*ous*ness , n. The quality or state of being adventurous; daring; venturesomeness.

Adverb <Xpage=25>

Ad"verb (#) , n. [L. adverbium ; ad + verbum word, verb: cf. F. adverbe .] (Gram.) A word used to modify the sense of a verb, participle, adjective, or other adverb, and usually placed near it; as, he writes well ; paper extremely white.

Adverbial <Xpage=25>

Ad*ver"bi*al (#) , a. [L. adverbialis : cf. F. adverbial .] Of or pertaining to an adverb; of the nature of an adverb; as, an adverbial phrase or form .

Adverbiality <Xpage=25>

Ad*ver`bi*al"i*ty (#) , n. The quality of being adverbial.

Earle.

Adverbialize <Xpage=25>

Ad*ver"bi*al*ize (#) , v. t. To give the force or form of an adverb to.

Adverbially <Xpage=25>

Ad*ver"bi*al*ly , adv. In the manner of an adverb.

Adversaria <Xpage=25>

Ad`ver*sa"ri*a (#) , n. pl. [L. adversaria (sc. scripta ), neut. pl. of adversarius .] A miscellaneous collection of notes, remarks, or selections; a commonplace book; also, commentaries or notes.

These parchments are supposed to have been St. Paul's adversaria . Bp. Bull.

Adversarious <Xpage=25>

Ad`ver*sa"ri*ous (#) , a. Hostile. [R.]

Southey.

Adversary <Xpage= Ad`ver*sa*ry (#) , n. ; pl. Adversaries (#) . [OE. adversarie , direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire , fr. OF. adversier , aversier , fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse .] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe. >

Ad`ver*sa*ry (#) , n. ; pl. Adversaries (#) . [OE. adversarie , direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire , fr. OF. adversier , aversier , fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse .] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose <page="26"> Page 26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.

His ancient knot of dangerous adversaries . Shak.

Agree with thine adversary quickly. Matt. v. 25.

It may be thought that to vindicate the permanency of truth is to dispute without an adversary . Beattie.

The Adversary , The Satan, or the Devil.

Syn. -- Adversary , Enemy , Opponent , Antagonist . Enemy is the only one of these words which necessarily implies a state of personal hostility. Men may be adversaries , antagonists , or opponents to each other in certain respects, and yet have no feelings of general animosity. An adversary may be simply one who is placed for a time in a hostile position, as in a lawsuit, an argument, in chess playing, or at fence. An opponent is one who is ranged against another (perhaps passively) on the opposing side; as a political opponent , an opponent in debate. An antagonist is one who struggles against another with active effort, either in a literal fight or in verbal debate.

Ad"ver*sa*ry (#) , a. 1. Opposed; opposite; adverse; antagonistic. [Archaic]

Bp. King.

2. (Law) Having an opposing party; not unopposed; as, an adversary suit .

Adversative <Xpage= Ad`ver*sa*ry (#) , n. ; pl. Adversaries (#) . [OE. adversarie , direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire , fr. OF. adversier , aversier , fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse .] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe. >

Ad*ver"sa*tive (#) , a. [L. adversativus , fr. adversari .] Expressing contrariety, opposition, or antithesis; as, an adversative conjunction ( but , however , yet , etc. ); an adversative force. -- Ad*ver"sa*tive*ly , adv.

Ad*ver"sa*tive , n. An adversative word.

Harris.

Adverse <Xpage= Ad`ver*sa*ry (#) , n. ; pl. Adversaries (#) . [OE. adversarie , direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire , fr. OF. adversier , aversier , fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse .] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe. >

Ad"verse (#) , a. [OE. advers , OF. avers , advers , fr. L. adversus , p. p. advertere to turn to. See Advert .]

1. Acting against, or in a contrary direction; opposed; contrary; opposite; conflicting; as, adverse winds; an adverse party; a spirit adverse to distinctions of caste.

2. Opposite. "Calpe's adverse height."

Byron.

3. In hostile opposition to; unfavorable; unpropitious; contrary to one's wishes; unfortunate; calamitous; afflictive; hurtful; as, adverse fates, adverse circumstances, things adverse .

Happy were it for us all if we bore prosperity as well and wisely as we endure an adverse fortune. Southey.

Adverse possession (Law) , a possession of real property avowedly contrary to some claim of title in another person.

Abbott.

Syn. -- Averse; reluctant; unwilling. See Averse .