Chapter 262

Cheese cake , a cake made of or filled with, a composition of soft curds, sugar, and butter. Prior . -- Cheese fly (Zo\'94l.) , a black dipterous insect ( Piophila casei ) of which the larv\'91 or maggots, called ckippers or hoppers , live in cheese. -- Cheese mite (Zo\'94l.) , a minute mite ( Tryoglyhus siro ) in cheese and other articles of food. -- Cheese press , a press used in making cheese, to separate the whey from the curd, and to press the curd into a mold. -- Cheese rennet (Bot.) , a plant of the Madder family ( Golium verum , or yellow bedstraw ), sometimes used to coagulate milk. The roots are used as a substitute for madder. -- Cheese vat , a vat or tub in which the curd is formed and cut or broken, in cheese making.

Cheeselep <Xpage=245>

Cheese"lep (?) , n. [Cf. Keslop .] A bag in which rennet is kept.

Cheesemonger <Xpage=245>

Cheese"mon`ger (?) , n. One who deals incheese.

B. Jonson.

Cheeseparing <Xpage=245>

Cheese"par`ing (?) , n. A thin portion of the rind of a cheese. -- a. Scrimping; mean; as, cheeseparing economy .

Cheesiness <Xpage=245>

Chees"i*ness (?) , n. The quality of being cheesy.

Cheesy <Xpage=245>

Chees"y (?) , a. Having the nature, qualities, taste, form, consistency, or appearance of cheese.

Cheetah <Xpage=245>

Chee"tah (?) , n. [Hind. ch\'c6t\'be .] (Zo\'94l.) A species of leopard ( Cyn\'91lurus jubatus ) tamed and used for hunting in India. The woolly cheetah of South Africa is C. laneus . [Written also chetah .]

Chef <Xpage=245>

Chef (?) , n. [F.] 1. A chief of head person.

2. The head cook of large establishment, as a club, a family, etc.

3. (Her.) Same as Chief .

Chef-d'\'d2uvre <Xpage=245>

Chef`-d'\'d2uvre" (?) , n. ; pl. Chefs-d'\'d2uvre (#) . [F.] A masterpiece; a capital work in art, literature, etc.

Chegoe, Chegre <Xpage=245>

Cheg"oe (?) , Cheg"re (?) , n. See Chigoe .

Cheiloplasty <Xpage=245>

Chei"lo*plas`ty (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ a lip + -plasty .] (Surg.) The process of forming an artificial tip or part of a lip, by using for the purpose a piece of healthy tissue taken from some neighboring part.

Cheilopoda <Xpage=245>

Chei*lop"o*da (?) , n. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) See Ch<?/lopoda .

Cheirepter <Xpage=245>

Chei*rep"ter (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Cheiroptera.

Cheiroptera <Xpage=245>

Chei*rop"te*ra (?) , n. ; pl. [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ hand + <?/ wing.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of mammalia, including the bats, having four toes of each of the anterior limbs elongated and connected by a web, so that they can be used like wings in flying. See Bat .

Cheiropterous <Xpage=245>

Chei*rop"ter*ous (?) , a. (Zo\'94l.) Belonging to the Cheiroptera, or Bat family.

Cheiropterygium <Xpage=245>

Chei*rop`te*ryg"i*um (?) , n. ; pl. Cheiropterygia (#) . [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ hand + <?/; <?/ wing, fin.] (Anat.) The typical pentadactyloid limb of the higher vertebrates.

Cheirosophy <Xpage=245>

Chei*ros"o*phy (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ hand + <?/ knowledge.] The art of reading character as it is delineated in the hand.

-- Chei*ros"o*phist (<?/) , n .

Cheirotherium <Xpage=245>

Chei`ro*the"ri*um (?) , n. [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ hand + <?/ beast.] (Poleon.) A genus of extinct animals, so named from fossil footprints rudely resembling impressions of the human hand, and believed to have been made by labyrinthodont reptiles. See Illustration in Appendix.

Chekelatoun <Xpage=245>

Chek`e*la*toun" (?) , n. See Ciclatoun . [Obs.]

Chaucer.

Chekmak <Xpage=245>

Chek"mak (?) , n. A turkish fabric of silk and cotton, with gold thread interwoven.

Chela <Xpage=245>

Che"la (?) , n. ; pl. Chel\'91 (#) . [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ claw.] (Zo\'94l.) The pincherlike claw of Crustacea and Arachnida.

Chelate <Xpage=245>

Che"late (?) , a. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Cheliferous .

Chelerythrine <Xpage=245>

Chel`e*ryth"rine (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ celandine + <?/ red.] (Chem.) Am alkaloidal principle obtained from the celandine, and named from the red color of its salts, It is a coloriess crystalline substance, and acts as an acrid narcotic poison. It is identical with sanguinarine .

Chelicera <Xpage=245>

Che*lic"e*ra (?) , n. ; pl. Chelicer\'91 (#) [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ claw + <?/ horn.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the anterior pair of mouth organs, terminated by a pincherlike claw, in scorpions and allied Arachnida. They are homologous with the falcers of spiders, and probably with the mandibles of insects.

Chelidon <Xpage=245>

Chel"i*don (?) , n. [NL., fr. Gr. <?/.] (Anat.) The hollow at the flexure of the arm.

Chelidonic <Xpage=245>

Chel`i*don"ic (?) , a. [See Celandine .] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or derived from, the celandine.

Cheidonic acid , a weak acid extracted fron the celandine ( Chelidonium majus ), as a white crystalline substance.

Chelidonius <Xpage=245>

Chel`i*do"ni*us (?) , n. [L. (sc. lapillus .)] A small stone taken from the gizzard of a young swallow. -- anciently worn as a medicinal charm.

Chelifer <Xpage=245>

Chel"i*fer (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ claw + -fer .] (Zo\'94l.) See Book scorpion , under Book .

Cheliferous <Xpage=245>

Che*lif"er*ous (?) , a. [Gr. <?/ claw + -ferous .] (Zo\'94l.) Having cheliform claws, like a crab.

Cheliform <Xpage=245>

Chel"i*form (?) , a. [Gr. <?/ claw + -form .] (Zo\'94l.) Having a movable joint or finger closing againts a preceding joint or a projecting part of it, so that the whole may be ised for grasping, as the claw of a crab; pincherlike.

Chelone <Xpage=245>

Che*lo"ne (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ a tortoise. So named from shape of the upper lip of the corolla.] (Bot.) A genus of hardy perennial flowering plants, of the order Scrophulariacea\'91 ., natives of North America; -- called also snakehead , turtlehead , shellflower , etc.

Chelonia <Xpage=245>

Che*lo"ni*a (?) , n. ; pl. [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a tortoise.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of reptiles, including the tortoises and turtles, perculiar in having a part of the vertebr\'91, ribs, and sternum united with the dermal plates so as to form a firm shell. The jaws are covered by a horny beak. See Reptilia ; also, Illust . in Appendix.

Chelonian <Xpage=245>

Che*lo"ni*an (?) , a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to animals of the tortoise kind. -- n. One of the Chelonia.

Chelura <Xpage=245>

Che*lu"ra (?) , n. [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ claw + <?/ tail.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of marine amphipod crustacea, which bore into and sometimes destroy timber.

Chely <Xpage=245>

Che"ly (?) , n. A claw. See Chela . [Obs.]

Chemic <Xpage=245>

Chem"ic (?) , n. [See Chenistry .] 1. A chemist; an alchemist. [Obs.]

2. (Bleaching) A solution of chloride of line.

Chemic <Xpage=245>

Chem"ic , a. Chemical.

Blackw. Mag.

Chemical <Xpage=245>

Chem"ic*al (?) , a. Pertaining to chemistry; characterized or produced by the forces and operations of chemistry; employed in the processes of chemistry; as, chemical changes; chemical comnbinations.

Chemical attraction &or; affinity . See under Attraction .

Chemical <Xpage=245>

Chem"ic*al , n. A substance used for producing a chemical effect; a reagent.

Chemically <Xpage=245>

Chem"ic*al*ly , adv. According to chemical principles; by chemical process or operation.

Chemiglyphic <Xpage=245>

Chem`i*glyph"ic (?) , a. [ Chemical + <?/ to engrave.] Engraved by a voltaic battary.

Chemiloon <Xpage=245>

Chem`i*loon" (?) , n. A garment for women, consisting of chemise and drawers united in one. [U. S.]

Chemise <Xpage=245>

Che*mise" (?) , n. [F., shirt, fr. LL. camisa , camisia , shirt, thin dress; cf. G. hemd , or Olr. coimumse sort of garment. Cf. Camis .] 1. A shift, or undergarment, worn by women.

2. A wall that lines the face of a bank or earthwork.

Chemisette <Xpage=245>

Chem`i*sette" (?) , n. [F., dim. of chemise .] An under-garment, worn by women, usually covering the neck, shoulders, and breast.

Chemism <Xpage=245>

Chem"ism (?) , n. [Cf. F. chimisme . See Chemistry .] The force exerted between the atoms of elementary substance whereby they unite to form chemical compounds; chemical attaction; affinity; -- sometimes used as a general expression for chemical activity or relationship.

Chemist <Xpage=245>

Chem"ist , n. [Shortened from alchemist ; cf. F. chimiste .] A person versed in chemistry or given to chemical investigation; an analyst; a maker or seller of chemicals or drugs.

Chemistry <Xpage=245>

Chem"is*try (?) , n. [From Chemist . See Alchemy .] 1. That branch of science which treats of the composition of substances, and of the changes which they undergo in consequence of alterations in the constitution of the molecules, which depend upon variations of the number, kind, or mode of arrangement, of the constituent atoms. These atoms are not assumed to be indivisible, but merely the finest grade of subdivision hitherto attained. Chemistry deals with the changes in the composition and constitution of molecules. See Atom , Molecule .

&hand; Historically, chemistry is an outgrowth of alchemy (or alchemistry), with which it was anciently identified.

2. An application of chemical theory and method to the consideration of some particular subject; as, the chemistry of iron; the chemistry of indigo.

3. A treatise on chemistry.

&hand; This word and its derivatives were formerly written with y , and sometimes with i, instead of e , in the first syllable, chymistry , chymist , chymical , etc., or chimistry , chimist , chimical , etc.; and the pronunciation was conformed to the orthography.

Inorganic chemistry , that which treats of inorganic or mineral substances. -- Organic chemistry , that which treats of the substances which from the structure of organized beings and their products, whether animal or vegetable; -- called also chemistry of the carbon compounds . There is no fundamental difference between organic and inorganic chemistry. -- Physiological chemistry , the chemistry of the organs and tissues of the body, and of the various physiological processes incident to life. -- Practical chemistry , or Applied chemistry , that which treats of the modes of manufacturing the products of chemistry that are useful in the arts, of their applications to economical purposes, and of the conditions essential to their best use. -- Pure chemistry , the consideration of the facts and theories of chemistry in their purely scientific relations, without necessary reference to their practical applications or mere utility.

Chemitype <Xpage=245>

Chem"i*type (?) , n. [ Chemi cal + -type .] (Engraving) One of a number of processes by which an impression from an engraved plate is obtained in relief, to be used for printing on an ordinary printing press.

Chemolysis <Xpage=245>

Che*mol"y*sis (?) , n. [ Chemi cal + Gr. <?/ a loosing.] A term sometimes applied to the decomposition of organic substance into more simple bodies, by the use of chemical agents alone.

Thudichum.

Chemosmosis <Xpage=245>

Chem`os*mo"sis (?) , n. [ Chemi cal + osmosis .] Chemical action taking place through an intervening membrane.

Chemosmotic <Xpage=245>

Chem`os*mot"ic (?) , a. Pertaining to, or produced by, chemosmosis. [R.]

Chemung period <Xpage=245>

Che*mung" pe"ri*od (?) , (Geol.) A subdivision in the upper part of the Devonian system in America, so named from the Chemung River, along which the rocks are well developed. It includes the Portage and Chemung groups or epochs. See the Diagram under Geology .

Cheng <Xpage=245>

Cheng (?) , n. [Chinese.] A chinese reed instrument, with tubes, blown by the mouth.

Chenille <Xpage=245>

Che*nille" (?) , n. [F., prop., a caterpillar.] Tufted cord, of silk or worsted, for the trimimg of ladies' dresses, for embroidery and fringes, and for the weft of chenille rugs.

Chenomorph\'91 <Xpage=245>

Che`no*mor"ph\'91 (?) , n. ; pl. [NL., from Gr. <?/ the wild goose + <?/ form.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of birds, including the swans, ducks, geese, flamingoes and screamers.

Chepster <Xpage=245>

Chep"ster (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) The European starling. [Local, Eng.]

Cheque <Xpage=245>

Cheque (?) , n. See Check .

Chequer <Xpage=245>

Cheq"uer (?) , n. & v. Same as Checker .

Chequing <Xpage=245>

Che*quing" (?) , n. A coin. See Sequin .

Shak.

Chequy <Xpage=245>

Cheq"uy (?) , n. (Her.) Same as Checky .

Cherif <Xpage=245>

Cher"if (?) , n. See Cherif .

Cherimoyer <Xpage=245>

Cher`i*moy"er (?) , n. [F. ch\'82rimolier .] (Bot.) 1. A small downy-leaved tree ( Anona Cherimolia ), with fragrant flowers. It is a native of Peru.

2. Its delicious fruit, which is succulent, dark purple, and similar to the custard apple of the West Indies.

Cherish <Xpage=245>

Cher"ish (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Cherished (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Cherising .] [F. ch\'82rir , fr. cher dear, fr. L. carus . See Caress , Finish .] 1. To treat with tenderness and affection; to nurture with care; to protect and aid.

We were gentle among you, even as a nurse cherisheth her children. 1 Thess. ii. 7.

2. To hold dear; to embrace with interest; to indulge; to encourage; to foster; to promote; as, to cherish religious principle .

To cherish virtue and humanity. Burke.

Syn. -- To nourish; foster; nurse; nurture; entertain; encourage; comfort; protect; support; See Nurture .

Cherisher <Xpage=245>

Cher"ish*er (?) , n. One who cherishes.

The cherisher of my flesh and blood. Shak.

Cherishment <Xpage=245>

Cher"ish*ment (?) , n. Encouragement; comfort. [Obs.]

Rich bounty and dear cherishment . Spenser.

Chermes <Xpage=245>

Cher"mes (?) , n. See Kermes .

Cherogril <Xpage=245>

Cher"o*gril (?) , n. [L. choerogryllus , Gr. <?/; <?/ a yuong swine + <?/ a pig.] (Zo\'94l.) See Cony .

Cherokees <Xpage=245>

Cher`o*kees" (?) , n. pl. ; sing. Cherokee . (Ethnol.) An Appalachian tribe of Indians, formerly inhabiting the region about the head waters of the Tennessee River. They are now mostly settled in the Indian Territory, and have become one of the most civilized of the Indian Tribes.

Cheroot <Xpage=245>

Che*root" (?) , n. [Tamil shuruttu , prop., a roll.] A kind of cigar, originally brought from Mania, in the Philippine Islands; now often made of inferior or adulterated tabacco.

Cherry <Xpage=245>

Cher"ry (?) , n. [OE. chery , for cherys , fr. F. cerise (cf. AS. cyrs cherry), fr. LL. ceresia , fr. L. cerasus Cherry tree, Gr. <?/, perh. fr. <?/ horn, from the hardness of the wood.] 1. (Bot.) A tree or shrub of the genus Prunus ( Which also includes the plum ) bearing a fleshy drupe with a bony stone ; (a) The common garden cherry ( Prunus Cerasus ), of which several hundred varieties are cultivated for the fruit, some of which are, the begarreau, blackheart, black Tartarian, oxheart, morelle or morello, May-duke (corrupted from M\'82doc in France). (b) The wild cherry; as, prunus serotina (wild black cherry), valued for its timber; P. Virginiana (choke cherry), an American shrub which bears astringent fruit; P. avium and P. Padus , European trees (bird cherry).

2. The fruit of the cherry tree, a drupe of various colors and flavors.

3. The timber of the cherry tree, esp. of the black cherry, used in cabinetmaking, etc.

4. A peculiar shade of red, like that of a cherry.

Barbadoes cherry . See under Barbadoes . -- Cherry bird (Zo\'94l.) , an American bird; the cedar bird; -- so called from its fondness for cherries. -- Cherry bounce , cherry brandy and sugar. -- Cherry brandy , brandy in which cherries have been steeped. -- Cherry laurel (Bot.) , an evergren shrub ( Prunus Lauro-cerasus ) common in shrubberies, the poisonous leaves of which have a flavor like that of bitter almonds. -- Cherry pepper (Bot.) , a species of Capsicum ( C. cerasiforme ), with small, scarlet, intensely piquant cherry-shaped fruit. -- Cherry pit . (a) A child's play, in which cherries are thrown into a hole. Shak . (b) A cherry stone. -- Cherry rum , rum in which cherries have been steeped. -- Cherry sucker (Zo\'94l.) , the European spotted flycatcher ( Musicapa grisola ); -- called also cherry chopper cherry snipe . Cherry tree , a tree that bears cherries. -- Ground cherry , Winter cherry , See Alkekengi .

<page="246"> Page 246

Cherry <Xpage=246>

Cher"ry (?) , a. Like a red cherry in color; ruddy; blooming; as, a cherry lip; cherry cheeks.

Chersonese <Xpage=246>

Cher"so*nese (?) , n. [Gr. <?/; <?/ land + <?/ island.] A peninsula; a tract of land nearly surrounded by water, but united to a larger tract by a neck of land or isthmus; as, the Cimbric Chersonese , or Jutland; the Tauric Chersonese , or Crimea.

Chert <Xpage=246>

Chert (?) , n. [Ir. ceart stone, perh. akin to E. crag .] (Min.) An impure, massive, flintlike quartz or hornstone, of a dull color.

Cherty <Xpage=246>

Chert"y (?) , a. Like chert; containing chert; flinty.

Cherub <Xpage=246>

Cher"ub (?) , n. ; pl. Cherubs (#) ; but the Hebrew plural Cherubim (#) is also used. [Heb. ker\'d4b .] 1. A mysterious composite being, the winged footstool and chariot of the Almighty, described in Ezekiel i. and x.