Chapter 256

Soft chancre . A chancroid. See Chancroid .

Chancroid <Xpage=238>

Chan"croid (?) , n. [ Chancre + -oil .] (Med.) A venereal sore, resembling a chancre in its seat and some external characters, but differing from it in being the starting point of a purely local process and never of a systemic disease; -- called also soft chancre .

Chancrous <Xpage=238>

Chan"crous (?) , a. [Cf. F. chancreux .] (Med.) Of the nature of a chancre; having chancre.

Chandelier <Xpage=238>

Chan`de*lier" (?) , n. [F. See Chandler .] 1. A candlestick, lamp, stand, gas fixture, or the like, having several branches; esp., one hanging from the ceiling.

2. (Fort.) A movable parapet, serving to support fascines to cover pioneers. [Obs.]

Chandler <Xpage=238>

Chan"dler (?) , n. [F. chandelier a candlestick, a maker or seller of candles, LL. candelarius chandler, fr. L. candela candle. See Candle , and cf. Chandelier .] 1. A maker or seller of candles.

The chandler's basket, on his shoulder borne, With tallow spots thy coat. Gay.

2. A dealer in other commodities, which are indicated by a word prefixed; as, ship chandler , corn chandler .

Chandlerly <Xpage=238>

Chan"dler*ly (?) , a. Like a chandler; in a petty way. [Obs.]

Milton.

Chandlery <Xpage=238>

Chan"dler*y (?) , n. Commodities sold by a chandler.

Chandoo <Xpage=238>

Chan*doo" (?) , n. An extract or preparation of opium, used in China and India for smoking.

Balfour.

Chandry <Xpage=238>

Chan"dry (?) , n. Chandlery. [Obs.] "Torches from the chandry ."

B. Jonson.

Chanfrin <Xpage=238>

Chan"frin (?) , n. [F. chanfrein . Cf. Chamfron .] The fore part of a horse's head.

Change <Xpage=238>

Change (?) , v. t. [ Imp. & p. p. Changed (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Changing .] [F. changer , fr. LL. cambiare , to exchange, barter, L. cambire . Cf. Cambial .] 1. To alter; to make different; to cause to pass from one state to another; as, to change the position, character, or appearance of a thing; to change the countenance.

Therefore will I change their glory into shame. Hosea. iv. 7.

2. To alter by substituting something else for, or by giving up for something else; as, to change the clothes; to change one's occupation; to change one's intention.

They that do change old love for new, Pray gods, they change for worse! Peele.

3. To give and take reciprocally; to exchange; -- followed by with ; as, to change place, or hats, or money, with another .

Look upon those thousands with whom thou wouldst not, for any interest, change thy fortune and condition. Jer. Taylor.

4. Specifically: To give, or receive, smaller denominations of money (technically called change ) for; as, to change a gold coin or a bank bill .

He pulled out a thirty-pound note and bid me change it. Goldsmith.

To change a horse, or To change hand (Man.) , to turn or bear the horse's head from one hand to the other, from the left to right, or from the right to the left. -- To change hands , to change owners. -- To change one's tune , to become less confident or boastful. [Colloq.] -- To change step , to take a break in the regular succession of steps, in marching or walking, as by bringing the hollow of one foot against the heel of the other, and then stepping off with the foot which is in advance.

Syn. -- To alter; vary; deviate; substitute; innovate; diversify; shift; veer; turn. See Alter .

Change <Xpage=238>

Change , v. i. 1. To be altered; to undergo variation; as, men sometimes change for the better .

For I am Lord, I change not. Mal. iii. 6.

2. To pass from one phase to another; as, the moon changes to-morrow night .

Change <Xpage=238>

Change , n. [F. change , fr. changer . See Change . v. t. ] 1. Any variation or alteration; a passing from one state or form to another; as, a change of countenance; a change of habits or principles.

Apprehensions of a change of dynasty. Hallam.

All the days of my appointed time will I wait, till my change come. Job xiv. 14.

2. A succesion or substitution of one thing in the place of another; a difference; novelty; variety; as, a change of seasons .

Our fathers did for change to France repair. Dryden.

The ringing grooves of change . Tennyson.

3. A passing from one phase to another; as, a change of the moon .

4. Alteration in the order of a series; permutation.

5. That which makes a variety, or may be substituted for another.

Thirty change (R.V. changes ) of garments. Judg. xiv. 12.

6. Small money; the money by means of which the larger coins and bank bills are made available in small dealings; hence, the balance returned when payment is tendered by a coin or note exceeding the sum due.

7. [See Exchange .] A place where merchants and others meet to transact business; a building appropriated for mercantile transactions. [Colloq. for Exchange.]

8. A public house; an alehouse. [Scot.]

They call an alehouse a change . Burt.

9. (Mus.) Any order in which a number of bells are struck, other than that of the diatonic scale.

Four bells admit twenty-four changes in ringing. Holder.

Change of life , the period in the life of a woman when menstruation and the capacity for conception cease, usually occurring between forty-five and fifty years of age. -- Change ringing , the continual production, without repetition, of changes on bells, See def. 9. above. -- Change wheel (Mech.) , one of a set of wheels of different sizes and number of teeth, that may be changed or substituted one for another in machinery, to produce a different but definite rate of angular velocity in an axis, as in cutting screws, gear, etc. -- To ring the changes on , to present the same facts or arguments in variety of ways.

Syn. -- Variety; variation; alteration; mutation; transition; vicissitude; innovation; novelty; transmutation; revolution; reverse.

Changeability <Xpage=238>

Change`a*bil"i*ty (?) , n. Changeableness.

Changeable <Xpage=238>

Change"a*ble (?) , a. [Cf. F. changeable .] 1. Capable of change; subject to alteration; mutable; variable; fickle; inconstant; as, a changeable humor .

2. Appearing different, as in color, in different lights, or under different circumstances; as, changeable silk .

Syn. -- Mutable; alterable; variable; inconstant; fitful; vacillating; capricious; fickle; unstable; unsteady; unsettled; wavering; erratic; giddy; volatile.

Changeableness <Xpage=238>

Change"a*ble*ness , n. The quality of being changeable; fickleness; inconstancy; mutability.

Changeably <Xpage=238>

Change"a*bly , adv. In a changeable manner.

Changeful <Xpage=238>

Change"ful (?) , a. Full of change; mutable; inconstant; fickle; uncertain.

Pope.

His course had been changeful . Motley.

-- Change"ful*ly , adv. -- Change"ful*ness , n.

Changeless <Xpage=238>

Change"less , a. That can not be changed; constant; as, a changeless purpose .

-- Change"less*ness , n .

Changeling <Xpage=238>

Change"ling , n. [ Change + -ling .] 1. One who, or that which, is left or taken in the place of another, as a child exchanged by fairies.

Such, men do changelings call, so changed by fairies' theft. Spenser.

The changeling [a substituted writing] never known. Shak.

2. A simpleton; an idiot.

Macaulay.

Changelings and fools of heaven, and thence shut out.

Wildly we roam in discontent about.

Dryden.

3. One apt to change; a waverer. "Fickle changelings ."

Shak.

Changeling <Xpage=238>

Change"ling , a. 1. Taken or left in place of another; changed. "A little changeling boy."

Shak.

2. Given to change; inconstant. [Obs.]

Some are so studiously changeling . Boyle.

Changer <Xpage=238>

Chan"ger (?) , n. 1. One who changes or alters the form of anything.

2. One who deals in or changes money.

John ii. 14.

3. One apt to change; an inconstant person.

Chank <Xpage=238>

Chank" (?) , n. [Skr. \'87a\'efkha . See Conch .] (Zo\'94l.) The East Indian name for the large spiral shell of several species of sea conch much used in making bangles, esp. Turbinella pyrum . Called also chank chell .

Channel <Xpage=238>

Chan"nel (?) , n. [OE. chanel , canel , OF. chanel , F. chenel , fr. L. canalis . See Canal .] 1. The hollow bed where a stream of water runs or may run.

2. The deeper part of a river, harbor, strait, etc., where the main current flows, or which affords the best and safest passage for vessels.

3. (Geog.) A strait, or narrow sea, between two portions of lands; as, the British Channel .

4. That through which anything passes; means of passing, conveying, or transmitting; as, the news was conveyed to us by different channels .

The veins are converging channels . Dalton.

At best, he is but a channel to convey to the National assembly such matter as may import that body to know. Burke.

5. A gutter; a groove, as in a fluted column.

6. pl. [Cf. Chain wales .] (Naut.) Flat ledges of heavy plank bolted edgewise to the outside of a vessel, to increase the spread of the shrouds and carry them clear of the bulwarks.

Channel bar , Channel iron (Arch.) , an iron bar or beam having a section resembling a flat gutter or channel. -- Channel bill (Zo\'94l.) , a very large Australian cucko ( Scythrops Nov\'91hollandi\'91 . -- Channel goose . (Zo\'94l.) See Gannet .

Channel <Xpage=238>

Chan"nel , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Channeled (?) , or Channelled ; p. pr. & vb. n. Channeling , or Channelling .] 1. To form a channel in; to cut or wear a channel or channels in; to groove.

No more shall trenching war channel her fields. Shak.

2. To course through or over, as in a channel.

Cowper.

Channeling <Xpage=238>

Chan"nel*ing , n. 1. The act or process of forming a channel or channels.

2. A channel or a system of channels; a groove.

Chanson <Xpage=238>

Chan"son , n. [F., fr. L. cantion song. See Cantion , Canzone .] A song.

Shak.

Chansonnette <Xpage=238>

Chan`son*nette" (?) , n. ; pl. Chansonnettes (#) . [F., dim. of chanson .] A little song.

These pretty little chansonnettes that he sung. Black.

Chant <Xpage=238>

Chant (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Chanted ; p. pr. & vb. n. Chanting .] [F. chanter , fr. L. cantare , intens. of canere to sing. Cf. Cant affected speaking, and see Hen .] 1. To utter with a melodious voice; to sing.

The cheerful birds . . . do chant sweet music. Spenser.

2. To celebrate in song.

The poets chant in the theaters. Bramhall.

3. (Mus.) To sing or recite after the manner of a chant, or to a tune called a chant.

Chant <Xpage=238>

Chant , v. i. 1. To make melody with the voice; to sing. " Chant to the sound of the viol."

Amos vi. 5.

2. (Mus.) To sing, as in reciting a chant.

To chant (&or; chaunt ) horses , to sing their praise; to overpraise; to cheat in selling. See Chaunter .

Thackeray.

Chant <Xpage=238>

Chant , n. [F. chant , fr. L. cantus singing, song, fr. canere to sing. See Chant , v. t. ] 1. Song; melody.

2. (Mus.) A short and simple melody, divided into two parts by double bars, to which unmetrical psalms, etc., are sung or recited. It is the most ancient form of choral music.

3. A psalm, etc., arranged for chanting.

4. Twang; manner of speaking; a canting tone. [R.]

His strange face, his strange chant . Macaulay.

Ambrosian chant , See under Ambrosian . Chant royal [F.] , in old French poetry, a poem containing five strophes of eleven lines each, and a concluding stanza. -- each of these six parts ending with a common refrain. -- Gregorian chant . See under Gregorian .

Chantant <Xpage=238>

Chan`tant" (?) , a. [F. singing.] (Mus.) Composed in a melodious and singing style.

Chanter <Xpage=238>

Chant"er (?) , n. [Cf. F. chanteur .] 1. One who chants; a singer or songster.

Pope.

2. The chief singer of the chantry.

J. Gregory.

3. The flute or finger pipe in a bagpipe. See Bagpipe .

4. (Zo\'94l.) The hedge sparrow.

Chanterelle <Xpage=238>

Chan`te*relle" (?) , n. [F.] (Bot.) A name for several species of mushroom, of which one ( Cantharellus cibrius ) is edible, the others reputed poisonous.

Chanticleer <Xpage=238>

Chan"ti*cleer (?) , n. [F. Chanteclair , name of the cock in the Roman du Renart ( Reynard the Fox ); chanter to chant + clair clear. See Chant , and Clear .] A cock, so called from the clearness or loundness of his voice in crowing.

Chanting <Xpage=238>

Chant"ing (?) , n. Singing, esp. as a chant is sung.

Chanting falcon (Zo\'94l.) , an African falcon ( Melierax canorus or musicus ). The male has the habit, remarkable in a bird of prey, of singing to his mate, while she is incubating.

Chantor <Xpage=238>

Chant"or (?) , n. A chanter.

Chantress <Xpage=238>

Chant"ress (?) , n. [Cf. OF. chanteresse .] A female chanter or singer.

Milton.

<page="240"> Page 240

Chantry <Xpage=240>

Chant"ry (?) , n. ; pl. Chantries (#) . [OF. chanterie , fr. chanter to sing.] 1. An endowment or foundation for the chanting of masses and offering of prayers, commonly for the founder.

2. A chapel or altar so endowed.

Cowell.

Chaomancy <Xpage=240>

Cha"o*man`cy (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ the atmosphere + -mancy .] Divination by means of apperances in the air.

Chaos <Xpage=240>

Cha"os (?) , n. [L. chaos chaos (in senses 1 & 2), Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ (root <?/) to yawn, to gape, to open widely. Cf. Chasm .] 1. An empty, immeasurable space; a yawning chasm. [Archaic]

Between us and there is fixed a great chaos . Luke xvi. 26 (Rhemish Trans. ).

2. The confused, unorganized condition or mass of matter before the creation of distinct and order forms.

3. Any confused or disordered collection or state of things; a confused mixture; confusion; disorder.

Chaotic <Xpage=240>

Cha*ot"ic (?) , a. Resembling chaos; confused.

Chaotically <Xpage=240>

Cha*ot"ic*al*ly (?) , adv. In a chaotic manner.

Chap <Xpage=240>

Chap (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Chapped (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Chapping .] [See Chop to cut.] 1. To cause to open in slits or chinks; to split; to cause the skin of to crack or become rough.

Then would unbalanced heat licentious reign, Crack the dry hill, and chap the russet plain. Blackmore.

Nor winter's blast chap her fair face. Lyly.

2. To strike; to beat. [Scot.]

Chap <Xpage=240>

Chap , v. i. 1. To crack or open in slits; as, the earth chaps ; the hands chap .

2. To strike; to knock; to rap. [Scot.]

Chap <Xpage=240>

Chap , n. [From Chap , v. t. & i. ] 1. A cleft, crack, or chink, as in the surface of the earth, or in the skin.

2. A division; a breach, as in a party. [Obs.]

Many clefts and chaps in our council board. T. Fuller.

3. A blow; a rap. [Scot.]

Chap <Xpage=240>

Chap (?) , n. [OE. chaft ; of Scand. origin; cf. Icel kjaptr jaw, Sw. K\'84ft , D. ki\'91ft ; akin to G. kiefer , and E. jowl . Cf. Chops .] 1. One of the jaws or the fleshy covering of a jaw; -- commonly in the plural, and used of animals, and colloquially of human beings.

His chaps were all besmeared with crimson blood. Cowley.

He unseamed him [Macdonald] from the nave to the chaps . Shak.

2. One of the jaws or cheeks of a vise, etc.

Chap <Xpage=240>

Chap (?) , n. [Perh. abbreviated fr. chapman , but used in a more general sense; or cf. Dan. ki\'91ft jaw, person, E. chap jaw.] 1. A buyer; a chapman. [Obs.]

If you want to sell, here is your chap . Steele.

2. A man or boy; a youth; a fellow. [Colloq.]

Chap <Xpage=240>

Chap , v. i. [See Cheapen .] To bargain; to buy. [Obs.]

Chaparral <Xpage=240>

Cha`par*ral" (?) , n. [Sp., fr. chaparro an evergeen oak.] 1. A thicket of low evergreen oaks.

2. An almost impenetrable thicket or succession of thickets of thorny shrubs and brambles.

Chaparral cock ; fem . Chaparral hen (Zo\'94l.) , a bird of the cuckoo family ( Geococcyx Californianus ), noted for running with great speed. It ranges from California to Mexico and eastward to Texas; -- called also road runner , ground cuckoo , churea , and snake killer <--; it is the state bird of New Mexico -->.

Chapbook <Xpage=240>

Chap"book` (?) , n. [See Chap to cheapen.] Any small book carried about for sale by chapmen or hawkers. Hence, any small book; a toy book.

Chape <Xpage=240>