Chapter 248

Celt`i*be"ri*an (?) , a. [L. Celtiber , Celtibericus .] Of or pertaining to the ancient Celtiberia (a district in Spain lying between the Ebro and the Tagus) or its inhabitants the Celtiberi (Celts of the river Iberus). -- n. An inhabitant of Celtiberia.

Celtic <Xpage=230>

Celt"ic (?) , a. [L. Celticus , Gr. <?/. See Celt .] Of or pertaining to the Celts; as, Celtic people, tribes, literature, tongue . [Written also Keltic .]

Celtic <Xpage=230>

Celt"ic , n. The language of the Celts.

&hand; The remains of the old Celtic language are found in the Gaelic, the Erse or Irish the Manx, and the Welsh and its cognate dialects Cornish and Bas Breton.

Celticism <Xpage=230>

Celt"i*cism (?) , n. A custom of the Celts, or an idiom of their language.

Warton.

Celticize <Xpage=230>

Celt"i*cize` (?) , v. t. To render Celtic; to assimilate to the Celts.

Cembalo <Xpage=230>

Cem"ba*lo (?) , n. [It. See Cymbal .] An old mname for the harpsichord.

Cement <Xpage=230>

Ce*ment" (?) , n. [OF. cement , ciment , F. ciment , fr. L. caementum a rough, unhewn stone, pieces or chips of marble, from which mortar was made, contr. fr. caedimentum , fr. caedere to cut, prob. akin to scindere to cleave, and to E. shed , v. t.] 1. Any substance used for making bodies adhere to each other, as mortar, glue, etc.

2. A kind of calcined limestone, or a calcined mixture of clay and lime, for making mortar which will harden under water.

3. The powder used in cementation. See Cementation , n. ., 2.

4. Bond of union; that which unites firmly, as persons in friendship, or men in society. "The cement of our love ."

5. (Anat.) The layer of bone investing the root and neck of a tooth; -- called also cementum .

Hydraulic cement . See under Hydraulic .

Cement <Xpage=230>

Ce*ment" (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Cemented ; p. pr. & vb. n. Cementing .] [Cf. F. cimenter . See Cement , n. ] 1. To unite or cause to adhere by means of a cement.

Bp. Burnet.

2. To unite firmly or closely.

Shak.

3. To overlay or coat with cement; as, to cement a cellar bottom .

Cement <Xpage=230>

Ce*ment" , v. i. To become cemented or firmly united; to cohere.

S. Sharp.

Cemental <Xpage=230>

Ce*ment"al (?) , a. Of or pertaining to cement, as of a tooth; as, cemental tubes .

R. Owen.

Cementation <Xpage=230>

Cem`en*ta"tion (?) , n. 1. The act or process of cementing.

2. (Chem.) A process which consists in surrounding a solid body with the powder of other substances, and heating the whole to a degree not sufficient to cause fusion, the physical properties of the body being changed by chemical combination with powder; thus iron becomes steel by cementation with charcoal, and green glass becomes porcelain by cementation with sand.

Cementatory <Xpage=230>

Ce*ment"a*to*ry (?) , a. Having the quality of cementating or uniting firmly.

Cementer <Xpage=230>

Ce*ment"er (?) , n. A person or thing that cements.

Cementitious <Xpage=230>

Cem`en*ti"tious (?) , a. [L. caementitius pertaining to quarry stones. See Cement , n. ] Of the nature of cement. [R.]

Forsyth.

Cemeterial <Xpage=230>

Cem`e*te"ri*al (?) , a. Of or pertaining to a cemetery. " Cemeterial cells." [R.]

Sir T. Browne.

Cemetery <Xpage=230>

Cem"e*ter*y (?) , n. ; pl. Cemeteries (<?/) . [L. cemeterium , Gr. <?/ a sleeping chamber, burial place, fr. <?/ to put to sleep.] A place or ground set apart for the burial of the dead; a graveyard; a churchyard; a necropolis.

Cenanthy <Xpage=230>

Ce*nan"thy (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ empty + <?/ a flower.] (Bot.) The absence or suppression of the essential organs (stamens and pistil) in a flower.

Cenation <Xpage=230>

Ce*na"tion (?) , n. [L. cenatio .] Meal-taking; dining or supping. [Obs.]

Sir T. Browne.

Cenatory <Xpage=230>

Cen"a*to*ry (?) , a. [L. cenatorius , fr. cenare to dine, sup, fr. cena , coena , dinner, supper.] Of or pertaining to dinner or supper. [R.]

The Romans washed, were anointed, and wore a cenatory garment. Sir T. Browne.

Cenobite <Xpage=230>

Cen"o*bite (?) , n. [L. coenobita , fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ common + <?/ life: cf. F. c\'82nobite .] One of a religious order, dwelling in a convent, or a community, in opposition to an anchoret, or hermit, who lives in solitude.

Gibbon.

Cenobitic, Cenobitical <Xpage=230>

Cen`o*bit"ic (?) , Cen`o*bit"ic*al (?) a. [Cf. F. c\'82nobitique .] Of or pertaining to a cenobite.

Cenobitism <Xpage=230>

Cen"o*bi*tism (?) , n. The state of being a cenobite; the belief or practice of a cenobite.

Milman.

Cenogamy <Xpage=230>

Ce*nog"a*my (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ common + <?/ marriage.] The state of a communty which permits promiseuous sexual intercourse among its members, as in certain societies practicing communism.

Cenotaph <Xpage=230>

Cen"o*taph (?) , n. [Gr. <?/; <?/ empty + <?/ burial, tomb: cf. F. c\'82notaphe .] An empty tomb or a monument erected in honor of a person who is buried elsewhere.

Dryden.

A cenotaph in Westminster Abbey. Macaulay.

Cenotaphy <Xpage=230>

Cen"o*taph`y (?) , n. A cenotaph. [R.]

Lord Cobham honored him with a cenotaphy . Macaulay.

Cenozoic <Xpage=230>

Ce`no*zo"ic (?) , a. [Gr. <?/ recent + <?/ life.] (Geol.) Belonging to the most recent division of geological time, including the tertiary, or Age of mammals, and the Quaternary, or Age of man. [Written also c\'91nozoic , cainozoic , kainozoic .] See Geology .

&hand; This word is used by many authors as synonymous with Tertiary , the Quaternary Age not being included.

Cense <Xpage=230>

Cense (?) , n. [OF. cense , F. cens , L. census . See Census .] 1. A census; -- also, a public rate or tax. [Obs.]

Howell. Bacon.

2. Condition; rank. [Obs.]

B. Jonson.

Cense <Xpage=230>

Cense , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Censed (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Censing .] [Abbrev. from incense .] To perfume with odors from burning gums and spices.

The Salii sing and cense his altars round. Dryden.

Cense <Xpage=230>

Cense , v. i. To burn or scatter incense.

Censer <Xpage=230>

Cen"ser (?) , n. [For incenser , fr. OF. encensier , F. encensoir , fr. LL. incensarium , incensorium , fr. L. incensum incense. See Incense , and cf. Incensory .] A vessel for perfumes; esp. one in which incense is burned.

&hand; The ecclesiastical censer is usually cup-shaped, has a cover pierced with holes, and is hung by chains. The censer bearer swings it to quicken the combustion.

Her thoughts are like the fume of frankincense Which from a golden censer forth doth rise. Spenser.

Censor <Xpage=230>

Cen"sor (?) , n. [L. censor , fr. censere to value, tax.] 1. (Antiq.) One of two magistrates of Rome who took a register of the number and property of citizens, and who also exercised the office of inspector of morals and conduct.

2. One who is empowered to examine manuscripts before they are committed to the press, and to forbid their publication if they contain anything obnoxious; -- an official in some European countries.

3. One given to fault-finding; a censurer.

Nor can the most circumspect attention, or steady rectitude, escape blame from censors who have no inclination to approve. Rambler.

4. A critic; a reviewer.

Received with caution by the censors of the press. W. Irving.

Censorial <Xpage=230>

Cen*so"ri*al (?) , a. 1. Belonging to a censor, or to the correction of public morals.

Junius.

2. Full of censure; censorious.

The censorial declamation of Juvenal. T. Warton.

Censorian <Xpage=230>

Cen*so"ri*an (?) , a. Censorial. [R.]

Bacon.

Censorious <Xpage=230>

Cen*so"ri*ous (?) , a. [L. censorius pertaining to the censor. See Censor .] 1. Addicted to censure; apt to blame or condemn; severe in making remarks on others, or on their writings or manners.

A dogmatical spirit inclines a man to be consorious of his neighbors. Watts.

2. Implying or expressing censure; as, censorious remarks .

Syn. -- Fault-finding; carping; caviling; captious; severe; condemnatory; hypercritical.

-- Cen*so"ri*ous*ly , adv. -- Cen*so"ri*ous*ness , n.

Censorship <Xpage=230>

Cen"sor*ship (?) , n. The office or power of a censor; as, to stand for a censorship .

Holland.

The press was not indeed at that moment under a general censorship . Macaulay.

Censual <Xpage=230>

Cen"su*al (?) , a. [L. censualis , fr. census .] Relating to, or containing, a census.

He caused the whole realm to be described in a censual roll. Sir R. Baker.

Censurable <Xpage=230>

Cen"sur*a*ble (?) , a. Deserving of censure; blamable; culpable; reprehensible; as, a censurable person, or censurable conduct .

-- Cen"sur*a*bleness , n. -- Cen"sur*a*bly , adv.

Censure <Xpage=230>

Cen"sure (?) , n. [L. censura fr. censere : cf. F. censure . Cf. Censor .] 1. Judgment either favorable or unfavorable; opinion. [Obs.]

Take each man's censure , but reserve thy judgment. Shak.

2. The act of blaming or finding fault with and condemning as wrong; reprehension; blame.

Both the censure and the praise were merited. Macaulay.

3. Judicial or ecclesiastical sentence or reprimand; condemnatory judgment.

Excommunication or other censure of the church. Bp. Burnet.

Syn. -- Blame; reproof; condemnation; reprobation; disapproval; disapprobation; reprehension; animadversion; reprimand; reflection; dispraise; abuse.

Censure <Xpage=230>

Cen"sure , v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Censured (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Censuring .] [Cf. F. ensurer .] 1. To form or express a judgment in regard to; to estimate; to judge. [Obs.] "Should I say more, you might well censure me a flatterer."

Beau. & Fl.

2. To find fault with and condemn as wrong; to blame; to express disapprobation of.

I may be censured that nature thus gives way to loyalty. Shak.

3. To condemn or reprimand by a judicial or ecclesiastical sentence.

Shak.

Syn. -- To blame; reprove; rebuke; condemn; reprehend; reprimand.

Censure <Xpage=230>

Cen"sure , v. i. To judge. [Obs.]

Shak.

Censurer <Xpage=230>

Cen"sur*er (?) , n. One who censures.

Sha.

Census <Xpage=230>

Cen"sus (?) , n. [L. census , fr. censere . See Censor .] 1. (Bot. Antiq.) A numbering of the people, and valuation of their estate, for the purpose of imposing taxes, etc.; -- usually made once in five years.

2. An official registration of the number of the people, the value of their estates, and other general statistics of a country.

&hand; A general census of the United States was first taken in 1790, and one has been taken at the end of every ten years since.

Cent <Xpage=230>

Cent (?) , n. [ F. cent hundred, L. centum. See Hundred .] 1. A hundred; as, ten per cent , the proportion of ten parts in a hundred .

2. A United States coin, the hundredth part of a dollar, formerly made of copper, now of copper, tin, and zinc.

3. An old game at cards, supposed to be like piquet; -- so called because 100 points won the game.

Nares.

Centage <Xpage=230>

Cent"age (?) , n. Rate by the hundred; percentage.

Cental <Xpage=230>

Cen"tal (?) , n. [L. centum a hundred.] A weight of one hundred pounds avoirdupois; -- called in many parts of the United States a Hundredweight .

Cental <Xpage=230>

Cen"tal , n. Relating to a hundred.

Cental system , the method of buying and selling by the cental, or hundredweight.

Centare <Xpage=230>

Cen"tare` (?) , n. [F. centiare ; centi - (L. centum ) + -are .] A measure of area, the hundredth part of an are; one square meter, or about 1<frac15/ square yards.

Centaur <Xpage=230>

Cen"taur (?) , n. [L. centaurus , Gr. <?/.]

1. (Class. Myth.) A fabulous being, represented as half man and half horse.

2. (Astron.) A constellation in the southern heavens between Hydra and the Southern Cross.

Centaurea <Xpage=230>

Cen`tau*re"a (?) , n. [NL. See Centaury .] (Bot.) A large genus of composite plants, related to the thistles and including the cornflower or bluebottle ( Centaurea Cyanus ) and the star thistle ( C. Calcitrapa ).

Centaury <Xpage=230>

Cen"tau*ry (?) , n. [L. centaureum and centauria , Gr. <?/, <?/, and <?/, fr. the Centaur Chiron.] (Bot.) A gentianaceous plant not fully identified. The name is usually given to the Eryther\'91a Centaurium and the Chlora perfoliata of Europe, but is also extended to the whole genus Sabbatia , and even to the unrelated Centaurea .

Centenarian <Xpage=230>

Cen`te*na"ri*an (?) , a. Of or relating to a hundred years. -- n. A person a hundred years old.

Centenary <Xpage=230>

Cen"te*na*ry (?) , a. [L. centenarius , fr. centum a hundred.] 1. Relating to, or consisting of, a hundred.

2. Occurring once in every hundred years; centennial. " Centenary solemnities."

Fuller.

Centenary <Xpage=230>

Cen"te*na*ry , n. ; pl. Centenaries (<?/) . 1. The aggregate of a hundred single things; specifically, a century. "Every centenary of years."

Hakewill.

2. A commemoration or celebration of an event which occurred a hudred years before.

Centennial <Xpage=230>

Cen*ten"ni*al (?) , a. [L. centum a hundred + annus year.] 1. Relating to, or associated with, the commemoration of an event that happened a hundred years before; as, a centennial ode .

2. Happening once in a hundred years; as, centennial jubilee; a centennial celebration.

3. Lasting or aged a hundred years.

Thet opened through long lines Of sacred ilex and centennial pines. Longfellow.

Centennial <Xpage=230>

Cen*ten"ni*al , n. The celebration of the hundredth anniversary of any event; a centenary. [U. S.]

Centennially <Xpage=230>

Cen*ten"ni*al*ly , adv. Once in a hundred years.

Center <Xpage=230>

Cen"ter (?) , n. [F. centre , fr. L. centrum , fr. round which a circle is described, fr. <?/ to prick, goad.] 1. A point equally distant from the extremities of a line, figure, or body, or from all parts of the circumference of a circle; the middle point or place.

2. The middle or central portion of anything.

3. A principal or important point of concentration; the nucleus around which things are gathered or to which they tend; an object of attention, action, or force; as, a center of attaction .

4. The earth. [Obs.]

Shak.

5. Those members of a legislative assembly (as in France) who support the existing government. They sit in the middle of the legislative chamber, opposite the presiding officer, between the conservatives or monarchists, who sit on the right of the speaker, and the radicals or advanced republicans who occupy the seats on his left, See Right , and Left .

6. (Arch.) A temporary structure upon which the materials of a vault or arch are supported in position util the work becomes self-supporting.

7. (Mech.) (a) One of the two conical steel pins, in a lathe, etc., upon which the work is held, and about which it revolves. (b) A conical recess, or indentation, in the end of a shaft or other work, to receive the point of a center, on which the work can turn, as in a lathe.

&hand; In a lathe the live center is in the spindle of the head stock; the dead center is on the tail stock. Planer centers are stocks carrying centers, when the object to be planed must be turned on its axis.

Center of an army , the body or troops ossupying the place in the line between the wings. -- Center of a curve &or; surface (Geom.) (a) A point such that every line drawn through the point and terminated by the curve or surface is bisected at the point. (b) The fixed point of reference in polar co\'94rdinates. See Co\'94rdinates . -- Center of curvature of a curve (Geom.) , the center of that circle which has at any given point of the curve closer contact with the curve than has any other circle whatever. See Circle . -- Center of a fleet , the division or column between the van and rear, or between the weather division and the lee. -- Center of gravity (Mech.) , that point of a body about which all its parts can be balanced, or which being supported, the whole body will remain at rest, though acted upon by gravity. -- Center of gyration (Mech.) , that point in a rotating body at which the whole mass might be concentrated (theoretically) without altering the resistance of the intertia of the body to angular acceleration or retardaton. -- Center of inertia (Mech.) , the center of gravity of a body or system of bodies. -- Center of motion , the point which remains at rest, while all the other parts of a body move round it. -- Center of oscillation , the point at which, if the whole matter of a suspended body were collected, the time of oscillation would be the same as it is in the actual form and state of the body. -- Center of percussion , that point in a body moving about a fixed axis at which it may strike an obstacle without communicating a shock to the axis. -- Center of pressure (Hydros.) , that point in a surface pressed by a fluid, at which, if a force equal to the whole pressure and in the same line be applied in a contrary direction, it will balance or counteract the whole pressure of the fluid.

Center, Centre <Xpage=230>

Cen"ter , Cen"tre v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Centered or Centred (<?/) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Centering or Centring .] 1. To be placed in a center; to be central.