Chapter 247

Ce*dil"la (?) , n. [Sp. cedilla , cf. F. c\'82dille ; dim. of zeta , the Gr. name of the letter z , because this letter was formerly written after the c , to give it the sound of s .] A mark placed under the letter c [thus, \'87], to show that it is to be sounded like s , as in fa\'87ade .

Cedrat <Xpage=230>

Ce"drat (?) , n. [Cf. F. c\'82drat . See Cedar .] (Bot.) Properly the citron, a variety of Citrus medica , with large fruits, not acid, and having a high perfume.

Cedrene <Xpage=230>

Ce"drene (?) , n. (Chem.) A rich aromatic oil, C15H24 , extracted from oil of red cedar, and regarded as a polymeric terpene; also any one of a class of similar substances, as the essential oils of cloves, cubebs, juniper, etc., of which cedrene proper is the type. [Written also cedren .]

Cedrine <Xpage=230>

Ce"drine (?) , a. [L. cedrinus , Gr. <?/. See Cedar .] Of or pertaining to cedar or the cedar tree.

Cedriret <Xpage=230>

Ce"dri*ret (?) , n. Same as C\'d2rulignone .

Cedry <Xpage=230>

Ce"dry (?) , a. Of the nature of cedar. [R.]

Cedule <Xpage=230>

Ced"ule (?) , n. [F. c\'82dule , fr. L. shedula . See Shedule .] A scroll; a writing; a schedule. [Obs.]

Ceduous <Xpage=230>

Ced"u*ous (?) , a. [L. caeduus , fr. caedere to cut down.] Fit to be felled. [Obs.]

Eyelyn.

Ceil <Xpage=230>

Ceil (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Ceiled (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Ceiling .] [From an older noun, fr. F. ciel heaven, canopy, fr. L. carlum heaven, vault, arch, covering; cf. Gr. <?/ hollow.] 1. To overlay or cover the inner side of the roof of; to furnish with a ceiling; as, to ceil a room .

The greater house he ceiled with fir tree. 2 Chron. iii. 5

2. To line or finish a surface, as of a wall, with plaster, stucco, thin boards, or the like.

Ceiling <Xpage=230>

Ceil"ing , n. [See Cell , v. t. ] 1. (Arch.) (a) The inside lining of a room overhead; the under side of the floor above; the upper surface opposite to the floor. (b) The lining or finishing of any wall or other surface, with plaster, thin boards, etc.; also, the work when done.

2. (Naut.) The inner planking of a vessel.

Camp ceiling . See under Camp . -- Ceiling boards , Thin narrow boards used to ceil with.

Ceint <Xpage=230>

Ceint (?) , n. [See Cincture .] A girdle. [Obs.]

Celadon <Xpage=230>

Cel"a*don (?) , n. [F.] A pale sea-green color; also, porcelain or fine pottery of this tint.

Calandine <Xpage=230>

Cal"an*dine (?) , n. [OE. celidoine , OF. celidoine , F. ch\'82lidoine , fr. L. chelidonia (sc. herba ), fr. chelidonius pertaining to the swallow, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ the swallow, akin to L. hirundo a swallow.] (Bot.) A perennial herbaceous plant ( Chelidonium majus ) of the poppy family, with yellow flowers. It is used as a medicine in jandice, etc., and its acrid saffron-colored juice is used to cure warts and the itch; -- called also greater celandine and swallowwort .

Lasser celandine , the pilewort ( Ranunculus Ficaria ).

Celature <Xpage=230>

Cel"a*ture (?) , n. [L. caelatura , fr. caelare to engrave in relief.] 1. The act or art of engraving or embossing.

2. That which is engraved. [Obs.]

Hakewill.

Celebrant <Xpage=230>

Cel"e*brant (?) , n. [L. celebrans , p. pr. of celebrare . See Celebrate .] One who performs a public religious rite; -- applied particularly to an officiating priest in the Roman Catholic Church, as distinguished from his assistants.

Celebrate <Xpage=230>

Cel"e*brate (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Celebrated ; p. pr. & vb. n. Celebrating .] [L. celebratus , p. p. of celebrare to frequent, to celebrate, fr. celeber famous.] 1. To extol or honor in a solemn manner; as, to celebrate the name of the Most High .

2. To honor by solemn rites, by ceremonies of joy and respect, or by refraining from ordinary business; to observe duly; to keep; as, to celebrate a birthday .

Fron even unto shall ye celebrate your Sabbath. Lev. xxiii. 32.

3. To perforn or participate in, as a sacrament or solemn rite; to solemnize; to perform with appropriate rites; as, to celebrate a marriage .

Syn. -- To commemorate; distinguish; honor. -- To Celebrate , Commemorate . We commemorate events which we desire to keep in remembrance, when we recall them by some special observace; as, to commemorate the death of our Savior. We celebrate by demonstrations of joy or solemnity or by appropriate ceremonies; as, to celebrate the birthday of our Independence.

We are called upon to commemorate a revolution as surprising in its manner as happy in its consequences. Atterbury.

Earth, water, air, and fire, with feeling glee, Exult to celebrate thy festival. Thomson.

Celebrated <Xpage=230>

Cel"e*bra`ted (?) , a. Having celebrity; distinguished; renowned.

Celebrated for the politeness of his manners. Macaulay.

Syn. -- Distinguished; famous; noted; famed; renowned; illustrious. See Distinguished .

Celebration <Xpage=230>

Cel`e*bra"tion (?) , n. [L. celebratio .] The act, process, or time of celebrating.

His memory deserving a particular celebration . Clarendok.

Celebration of Mass is equivalent to offering Mass Cath. Dict.

To hasten the celebration of their marriage. Sir P. Sidney.

Celebrator <Xpage=230>

Cel"e*bra`tor (?) , n. [L.] One who celebrates; a praiser.

Boyle.

Celebrious <Xpage=230>

Ce*le"bri*ous (?) , a. Famous. [Obs.]

Speed.

Celebrity <Xpage=230>

Ce*leb"ri*ty (?) , n. ; pl. Celebriries (#) . [L. celebritas : cf. F. c\'82l\'82brit\'82 .] 1. Celebration; solemnization. [Obs.]

The celebrity of the marriage. Bacon.

2. The state or condition of being celebrated; fame; renown; as, the celebrity of Washington .

An event of great celebrity in the history of astronomy. Whewell.

3. A person of distinction or renown; -- usually in the plural; as, he is one of the celebrities of the place .

Celeriac <Xpage=230>

Ce*le"ri*ac (?) , n. (Bot.) Turnip-rooted celery, a from of celery with a large globular root, which is used for food.

Celerity <Xpage=230>

Ce*ler"i*ty (?) , n. [L. celeritas , from celer swiftm speedy: sf. F. c\'82l\'82rit\'82 .] Rapidity of motion; quickness; swiftness.

Time, with all its celerity , moves slowly to him whose whole employment is to watch its flight. Johnson.

Celery <Xpage=230>

Cel"er*y (?) , n. [F. c\'82leri , cf. Prov. It. seleno , seler ; fr. Gr. <?/ parsley, in Lgr. & NGr. celery . Cf . Parsley .] (Bot.) A plant of the Parsley family ( Apium graveolens ), of which the blanched leafstalks are used as a salad.

Celestial <Xpage=230>

Ce*les"tial (?) , a. [OF. celestial , celestied , fr. L. caelestic , fr. caelum heaved. See Cell .] 1. Belonging to the a\'89rial regions, or visible heavens. "The twelve celestial signs."

Shak.

2. Of or pertaining to the spiritual heaven; heavenly; divine. " Celestial spirits." " Celestial light,"

Milton.

Celestial city , heaven; the heavenly Jerusalem. Bunyan . -- Celestial empire , China; -- so called from the Chinese words, tien chan , Heavenly Dynasty, as being the kingdom ruled over by the dynasty appoined by heaven.

S. W. Williams.

Celestial <Xpage=230>

Ce*les"tial , n. 1. An inhabitant of heaven.

Pope.

2. A native of China.

Celestialize <Xpage=230>

Ce*les"tial*ize (?) , v. t. To make celestial. [R.]

Celestially <Xpage=230>

Ce*les"tial*ly , adv. In a celestial manner.

Celestify <Xpage=230>

Ce*les"ti*fy (?) , v. t. [L. caelestis heavenly + -fly .] To make like heaven. [Obs.]

Sir T. Browne.

Celestine, Celestite <Xpage=230>

Cel"es*tine (?) , Cel"es*tite (?) , , n. [LL. caelestinus bine.] (Min.) Native strontium sulphate, a mineral so named from its occasional delicate blue color. It occurs crystallized, also in compact massive and fibrous forms.

Celestine, Celestinian <Xpage=230>

Cel"es*tine (?) , Cel`es*tin"i*an (?) , n. (Eccl. Hist.) A monk of the austere branch of the Franciscan Order founded by Celestine V. in the 13th centry.

Celiac <Xpage=230>

Ce"li*ac (?) , a. (Anat.) See C\'d2llac.

Celibacy <Xpage=230>

Ce*lib"a*cy (?) , n. [See Celibate , n. ] The state of being unmarried; single life, esp. that of a bachelor, or of one bound by vows not to marry. "The celibacy of the clergy."

Hallom.

Celibate <Xpage=230>

Cel"i*bate (?) , n. [L. aelibatus , fr. caelebs unmarried, single.] 1. Celibate state; celibacy. [Obs.]

He . . . preferreth holy celibate before the estate of marrige. Jer. Taylor.

2. One who is unmarried, esp. a bachelor, or one bound by vows not to marry.

Celibate <Xpage=230>

Cel"i*bate , a. Unmarried; single; as, a celibate state .

Celibatist <Xpage=230>

Ce*lib"a*tist (?) , n. One who lives unmarried. [R.]

Celidography <Xpage=230>

Cel`i*dog"ra*phy (?) , n. [Gr. <?/, <?/ stain, spot + -graphy : cf. F. c\'82lidographie .] A description of apparent spots on the disk of the sun, or on planets.

Cell <Xpage=230>

Cell (?) , n. [OF. celle , fr. L. cella ; akin to celare to hide, and E. hell , helm , conceal . Cf. Hall .] 1. A very small and close apartment, as in a prison or in a monastery or convent; the hut of a hermit.

The heroic confessor in his cell . Macaulay.

2. A small religious house attached to a monastery or convent. " Cells or dependent priories."

Milman.

3. Any small cavity, or hollow place.

4. (Arch.) (a) The space between the ribs of a vaulted roof. (b) Same as Cella .

5. (Elec.) A jar of vessel, or a division of a compound vessel, for holding the exciting fluid of a battery.

6. (Biol.) One of the minute elementary structures, of which the greater part of the various tissues and organs of animals and plants are composed.

&hand; All cells have their origin in the primary cell from which the organism was developed. In the lowest animal and vegetable forms, one single cell constitutes the complete individual, such being called unicelluter orgamisms . A typical cell is composed of a semifluid mass of protoplasm, more or less granular, generally containing in its center a nucleus which in turn frequently contains one or more nucleoli, the whole being surrounded by a thin membrane, the cell wall. In some cells, as in those of blood, in the am\'d2ba, and in embryonic cells (both vegetable and animal), there is no restricting cell wall, while in some of the unicelluliar organisms the nucleus is wholly wanting. See Illust . of Bipolar .

Air cell . See Air cell . -- Cell development (called also cell genesis , cell formation , and cytogenesis ), the multiplication, of cells by a process of reproduction under the following common forms; segmentation or fission , gemmation or budding , karyokinesis , and endogenous multiplication . See Segmentation , Gemmation , etc. -- Cell theory . (Biol.) See Cellular theory , under Cellular .

Cell <Xpage=230>

Cell (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Celled (?) .] To place or inclosed in a cell. " Celled under ground." [R.]

Warner.

Cella <Xpage=230>

Cel"la (?) , n. [L.] (Arch.) The part inclosed within the walls of an ancient temple, as distinguished from the open porticoes.

Cellar <Xpage=230>

Cel"lar (?) , n. [OE. celer , OF. celier , F. celier , fr. L. cellarium a receptacle for food, pantry, fr. cella storeroom. See Cell .] A room or rooms under a building, and usually below the surface of the ground, where provisions and other stores are kept.

Cellarage <Xpage=230>

Cel"lar*age (?) , n. 1. The space or storerooms of a cellar; a cellar.

Sir W. Scott.

You hear this fellow in the cellarage . Shak.

2. Chare for storage in a cellar.

Cellarer <Xpage=230>

Cel"lar*er (?) , n. [LL. cellararius , equiv. to L. cellarius steward: cf. F. cell\'82rier . See Cellar .] (Eccl.) A steward or butler of a monastery or chapter; one who has charge of procuring and keeping the provisions.

Cellaret <Xpage=230>

Cel`lar*et" (?) , n. [Dim of cellar .] A receptacle, as in a dining room, for a few bottles of wine or liquor, made in the form of a chest or coffer, or a deep drawer in a sideboard, and usually lined with metal.

Cellarist <Xpage=230>

Cel"lar*ist (?) , n. Same as Cellarer .

Celled <Xpage=230>

Celled (?) , a. Containing a cell or cells.

Cellepore <Xpage=230>

Cel"le*pore (?) , n. [L. cella cell + porus , Gr. <?/, passage.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of delicate branching corals, made up of minute cells, belonging to the Bryozoa.

Celliferous <Xpage=230>

Cel*lif"er*ous (?) , a. [ Cell + -ferous .] Bearing or producing cells.

Cello <Xpage=230>

Cel"lo (?) , n. ; pl. E. Cellos (<?/) , It. Celli (<?/) . A contraction for Violoncello .

Cellular <Xpage=230>

Cel"lu*lar (?) , a. [L. cellula a little cell: cf. F. cellulaire . See Cellule .] Consisting of, or containing, cells; of or pertaining to a cell or cells.

Cellular plants , Cellular cryptogams (Bot.) , those flowerless plants which have no ducts or fiber in their tissue, as mosses, fungi, lichens, and alg\'91. -- Cellular theory , &or; Cell theory (Biol.) , a theory, according to which the essential element of every tissue, either vegetable or animal, is a cell; the whole series of cells having been formed from the development of the germ cell and by differentiation converted into tissues and organs which, both in plants ans animals, are to be considered as a mass of minute cells communicating with each other. -- Cellular tissue . (a) (Anat.) See conjunctive tissue under Conjunctive . (b) (Bot.) Tissue composed entirely of parenchyma, and having no woody fiber or ducts. <-- cellular telephone , a portable radio-telephone transmitting and receiving the radio-telephonic signals from one of a group of transmitter-receiver stations so arranged that they provide adequate signal contact for such telephones over a certain geographical area. The area within which one transmitter may service such portable telephones is called its "cell. -->

Cellulated <Xpage=230>

Cel"lu*la`ted (?) , a. Cellular.

Caldwell.

Cellule <Xpage=230>

Cel"lule (?) , n. [L. cellula a small apartment, dim. of cella : cf. F. cellule . See Cell .] A small cell.

Celluliferous <Xpage=230>

Cel`lu*lif"er*ous (?) , a. [L. cellula + -ferous .] Bearing or producing little cells.

Cellulitis <Xpage=230>

Cel`lu*li"tis (?) , n. [NL., fr. L. cellula + -itis .] An inflammantion of the cellular or areolar tissue, esp. of that lying immediately beneath the skin.

Celluloid <Xpage=230>

Cel"lu*loid` (?) , n. [ Cellulose + -oid .] A substance composed essentially of gun cotton and camphor, and when pure resembling ivory in texture and color, but variously colored to imitate coral, tortoise shell, amber, malachite, etc. It is used in the manufacture of jewelry and many small articles, as combs, brushes, collars, and cuffs; -- originaly called xylonite .

Cellulose <Xpage=230>

Cel"lu*lose` (?) , a. Consisting of, or containing, cells.

Cellulose <Xpage=230>

Cel"lu*lose` , n. (Chem.) The substance which constitutes the essential part of the solid framework of plants, of ordinary wood, linen, paper, etc. It is also found to a slight extent in certain animals, as the tunicates. It is a carbohydrate, (C6H10O5)n , isomeric with starch, and is convertible into starches and sugars by the action of heat and acids. When pure, it is a white amorphous mass. See Starch , Granulose , Lignin .

Unsized, well bleached linen paper is merely pure cellulose . Goodale.

Starch cellulose , the delicate framework which remains when the soluble part (granulose) of starch is removed by saliva or pepsin.

Goodale.

Celotomy <Xpage=230>

Ce*lot"o*my (?) , n. [Gr. <?/; <?/ hernia + <?/ to cut.] (Med.) The act or operation of cutting, to relieve the structure in strangulated hernia. [Frequently written kelotomy .]

Celsiture <Xpage=230>

Cel"si*ture (?) , n. [L. celstudo , from celsus high: cf. celsitude .] Height; altitude. [Obs.]

Celsius <Xpage=230>

Cel"si*us (?) , n. The Celsius thermometer or scale, so called from Anders Celsius, a Swedish astronomer, who invented it. It is the same as the centigrade thermometer or scale.

Celt <Xpage=230>

Celt (?) , n. [L. Celtae , Gr. <?/, <?/, pl.: cf. W. Celtiad one that dwells in a covert, an inhabitant of the wood, a Celt, fr. celt covert, shelter, celu to hide.] One of an ancient race of people, who formerly inhabited a great part of Central and Western Europe, and whose descendants at the present day occupy Ireland, Wales, the Highlands of Scotland, and the northern shores of France. [Written also Kelt . The letter C was pronounced hard in Celtic languages.]

Celt <Xpage=230>

Celt , n. [LL. celts a chisel.] (Arch\'91ol.) A weapon or implement of stone or metal, found in the tumuli, or barrows, of the early Celtic nations.

Celtiberian <Xpage=230>