Chapter 245

Gauda galli epoch (Geol.) , an epoch at the begining of the Devonian age in eastern America, so named from the characteristic gritty sandstone marked with impressions of cauda galli . See the Diagram under Geology .

Caudal <Xpage=228>

Cau"dal (?) , a. [L. Cauda tail. Cf. Coward .] Of the nature of, or pertaining to, a tail; having a tail-like appendage.

The male widow-bird, remarkable for his caudal plumes. Darwin.

Caudal fin (Zo\'94l.) , the terminal fin (or "tail") of a fish.

Caudata <Xpage=228>

Cau*da"ta (?) , n. pl. [NL., fr. L. cauda tail.] (Zo\'94l.) See Urodela .

Caudate, Caudated <Xpage=228>

Cau"date (?) , Cau"da*ted (?) . a. [L. cauda tail.] Having a taill; having a termination like a tail.

Caudex <Xpage=228>

Cau"dex (?) , n. ; pl. L. Caudices (#) , E. Caudexes (#) . [L.] (Bot.) The sterm of a tree., esp. a sterm without a branch, as of a palm or a tree fern; also, the pernnial rootstock of an herbaceous plant.

Caudicle, Caudicula <Xpage=228>

Cau"di*cle (?) , Cau*dic"u*la (?) , n. [Dim. of L. cauda tail, appendage.] (Bot.) A slender, elastic process, to which the masses of pollen in orchidaceous plants are attached.

Caudle <Xpage=228>

Cau"dle (?) , n. [OF. caudel , F. chaudeau , dim. of LL calidum a sweet drink, fr. L. caidus warm. See Caldron .] A kind of warm drink for sick persons, being a mixture of wine with eggs, bread, sugar, and spices.

Caudle <Xpage=228>

Cau"dle , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Caudled (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Caudling (?) .] 1. To make into caudle.

2. Too serve as a caudle to; to refresh. [R.]

Shak.

Cauf <Xpage=228>

Cauf (?) , n. [Perh. akin to Celtic caff , cav , cau , L. cavus hollow, or to L. caphinus , Gr. <?/ basket.] A chest with holes for keeping fish alive in water.

Philips.

Caufle <Xpage=228>

Cau"fle , n. A gung of slaves. Same as Coffle .

Caught <Xpage=228>

Caught (?) , imp. & p. p. f Catch .

Cauk, n., Cauker <Xpage=228>

Cauk (?) , n. , Cauk"er (?) , n. See Cawk , Calker .

Caul <Xpage=228>

Caul (?) , n. [OE. calle , kelle , prob. fr. F. cale ; cf. Ir. calla a veil.] 1. A covering of network for the head, worn by women; also, a net.

Spenser.

2. (Anat.) The fold of membrane loaded with fat, which covers more or less of the intestines in mammals; the great omentum See Omentum .

The caul serves for warming of the lower belly. Ray.

3. A part of the amnion, one of the membranes enveloping the fetus, which sometimes is round the head of a child at its birth.

It is deemed lucky to be with a caul or membrane over the face. This caul is esteemed an infallible preservative against drowning . . . According to Chysostom, the midwives frequently sold it for magic uses. Grose.

I was born with a caul , which was advertised for sale, in the newspapers, at the low price of fifteen guineas. Dickens.

Caulescent <Xpage=228>

Cau*les"cent (?) , a. [L. caulis stalk, stem: cf. F. caulescent .] (Bot.) Having a leafy stem.

Caulicle <Xpage=228>

Cau"li*cle (?) , n. (Bot.) A short caulis or stem, esp. the rudimentary stem seen in the embryo of seed; -- otherwise called a radicle .

Cauliculus <Xpage=228>

Cau*lic"u*lus (?) , n. ; pl. Cauliculi (#) [L. caulculus little stalk, dim. of caulis .] (Arch.) In the Corinthian capital, one of the eight stalks rising out of the lower leafage and terminating in leaves which seem to suport the volutes. See Illust . of Corinthian order , under Corinthian .

Cauliflower <Xpage=228>

Cau"li*flow`er (?) , n. [F. choufleur , modified by E. Cole . L. caulis , and by E. flower ; F. chou cabbage is fr. L. caulis stalk, cabbage, and fleur flower is fr. L. flos flower. See Cole , and Flower .] 1. (Bot.) An annual variety of Brassica oleracea , or cabbage of which the cluster of young flower stalks and buds is eaten as a vegetable.

2. The edible head or "curd" of a caulifower plant.

Cauliform <Xpage=228>

Cau"li*form (?) , a. [L. caulis + -form .] (Bot.) Having the form of a caulis.

Cauline <Xpage=228>

Cau"line (?) , a. (Bot.) Growing immediately on a caulis; of or pertaining to a caulis.

Caulis <Xpage=228>

Cau"lis (?) , n. ; L. pl. Caules (#) . [L., a stem.] (Bot.) An herbaceous or woody stem which bears leaves, and may bear flowers.

Caulk <Xpage=228>

Caulk (?) , v. t. & n. See Calk .

Caulocarpous <Xpage=228>

Cau`lo*car"pous (?) , a. [Gr. <?/ stem + <?/ fruit.] (Bot.) Having stems which bear flowers and fruit year after year, as most trees and shrubs.

Cauma <Xpage=228>

Cau"ma (?) , n. [L., fr. Gr. <?/ a burning heat.] (Med.) Great heat, as of the body in fever.

Cauponize <Xpage=228>

Cau"po*nize (?) , v. i. [L. cauponari , fr. caupo huckster, innkeeper.] To sell wine or victuals. [Obs.]

Warburfon.

Causable <Xpage=228>

Caus"a*ble (?) , a. Capable of being caused.

Causal <Xpage=228>

Caus"al (?) , a. [L. causalis . See Cause .] Relating to a cause or causes; inplying or containing a cause or causes; expressing a cause; causative.

Causal propositions are where two propositions are joined by causal words. Watts.

Causal <Xpage=228>

Caus"al , n. A causal word or form of speech.

Anglo-Saxon drencan to drench, causal of Anglo-Saxon drincan to drink. Skeat.

Causality <Xpage=228>

Cau*sal"i*ty (?) , n. ; pl. Causalities (<?/) .

1. The agency of a cause; the action or power of a cause, in producing its effect.

The causality of the divine mind. Whewell.

2. (Phren.) The faculty of tracing effects to their causes.

G. Combe.

Causally <Xpage=228>

Caus"al*ly (?) , adv. According to the order or series of causes; by tracing effects to causes.

Causally <Xpage=228>

Caus"al*ly (?) , n. (Mining.) The lighter, earthy parts of ore, carried off washing.

Causation <Xpage=228>

Cau*sa"tion (?) , n. The act of causing; also the act or agency by which an effect is produced.

The kind of causation by which vision is produced. Whewell.

Law of universal causation , the theoretical or asserted law that every event or phenomenon results from, or is the sequel of, some previous event or phenomenon, which being present, the other is certain to take place.

Causationist <Xpage=228>

Cau*sa"tion*ist , n. One who believes in the law of universal causation.

Causative <Xpage=228>

Caus"a*tive (?) , a. [L. causativus pertaining to a lawsuit ( causa ), but in the English sense from E. cause .] 1. Effective, as a cause or agent; causing.

Causative in nature of a number of effects. Bacon.

2. Expressing a cause or reason; causal; as, the ablative is a causative case .

<-- p. 229 -->

Causative <Xpage=229>

Caus"a*tive (?) , n. A word which expresses or suggests a cause.

Causatively <Xpage=229>

Caus"a*tive*ly , adv. In a causative manner.

Causator <Xpage=229>

Cau*sa"tor (?) , n. [See Cause .] One who causes. [R.]

Sir T. Browne.

Cause <Xpage=229>

Cause (?) , n. [F. cause , fr. L. causa . Cf. Cause , v. , Kickshaw .] 1. That which produces or effects a result; that from which anything proceeds, and without which it would not exist.

Cause is substance exerting its power into act, to make one thing begin to be. Locke.

2. That which is the occasion of an action or state; ground; reason; motive; as, cause for rejoicing .

3. Sake; interest; advantage. [Obs.]

I did it not for his cause . 2 Cor. vii. 12.

4. (Law) A suit or action in court; any legal process by which a party endeavors to obtain his claim, or what he regards as his right; case; ground of action.

5. Any subject of discussion or debate; matter; question; affair in general.

What counsel give you in this weighty cause ! Shak.

6. The side of a question, which is espoused, advocated, and upheld by a person or party; a principle which is advocated; that which a person or party seeks to attain.

God befriend us, as our cause is just. Shak.

The part they take against me is from zeal to the cause . Burke.

Efficient cause , the agent or force that produces a change or redult. -- Final cause , the end, design, or object, for which anything is done. -- Formal cause , the elements of a conception which make the conception or the thing conceived to be what it is; or the idea viewed as a formative principle and co\'94perating with the matter. -- Material cause , that of which anything is made. -- Proximate cause . See under Proximate . -- To make common cause with , to join with in purposes and aims.

Macaulay.

Syn. -- Origin; source; mainspring; motive; reason; incitement; inducement; purpose; object; suit; action.

Cause <Xpage=229>

Cause , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Caused (?) ; p. pr. & v. n. Causing .] [F. causer , fr. cause , fr. L. causa . See Cause , n. , and cf. Acouse .] To effect as an agent; to produce; to be the occasion of; to bring about; to bring into existence; to make; -- usually followed by an infinitive, sometimes by that with a finite verb.

I will cause it to rain upon the earth forty days. Gen. vii. 4.

Cause that it be read also in the church of the Laodiceans. Col. iv. 16.

Syn. -- To create; produce; beget; effect; occasion; originate; induce; bring about.

Cause <Xpage=229>

Cause , v. i. To assign or show cause; to give a reason; to make excuse. [Obs.]

Spenser.

Cause <Xpage=229>

Cause , conj. Abbreviation of Because .

B. Jonson.

Causeful <Xpage=229>

Cause"ful (?) , n. Having a cause. [Obs.]

Causeless <Xpage=229>

Cause"less , a. 1. Self-originating; uncreated.

2. Without just or sufficient reason; groundless.

My fears are causeless and ungrounded. Denham.

Causeless <Xpage=229>

Cause"less , adv. Without cause or reason.

Causelessness <Xpage=229>

Cause"less*ness , n. The state of being causeless.

Causer <Xpage=229>

Caus"er (?) , n. One who or that which causes.

Causeuse <Xpage=229>

Cau`seuse" (?) , n. [F., fr. causer to talk.] A kind of sofa for two person. A t\'88te-a-t\'88te .

Causeway, Causey <Xpage=229>

Cause"way (?) , Cau"sey (?) , n. [OE. cauci , cauchie , OF. cauchie , F. chauss\'82e , from LL. ( via ) calciata , fr calciare to make a road, either fr. L. calx lime, hence, to pave with limestone (cf. E. chalk ), or from L. calceus shoe, from calx heel, hence, to shoe, pave, or wear by treading.] A way or road rasid above the natural level of the ground, serving as a dry passage over wet or marshy ground.

But that broad causeway will direct your way. Dryden.

The other way Satan went down The causey to Hell-gate. Milton.

Causewayed, Causeyed <Xpage=229>

Cause"wayed (?) , Cau"seyed (?) . a. Having a raised way (causeway or causey); paved.

Sir W. Scott. C. Bront\'82.

Causidical <Xpage=229>

Cau*sid"i*cal (?) , a. [L. causidicakis ; causa a cause in law + dicare to say.] Pertaining to an advocate, or to the maintenance and defense of suits.

Caustic, Caustical <Xpage=229>

Caus"tic (?) , Caus"tic*al (?) , a. [L. caustucs , Ge. <?/, fr. <?/ to burn. Cf. Calm , Ink .] 1. Capable of destroying the texture of anything or eating away its substance by chemical action; burning; corrosive; searing.

2. Severe; satirical; sharp; as, a caustic remark .

Caustic curve (Optics) , a curve to which the ray of light, reflected or refracted by another curve, are tangents, the reflecting or refracting curve and the luminous point being in one plane. -- Caustic lime . See under Lime . -- Caustic potash , Caustic soda (Chem.) , the solid hydroxides potash, KOH , and soda, NaOH , or solutions of the same. -- Caustic silver , nitrate of silver, lunar caustic. -- Caustic surface (Optics) , a surface to which rays reflected or refracted by another surface are tangents. Caustic curves and surfaces are called catacaustic when formed by reflection, and diacaustic when formed by refraction.

Syn. -- Stinging; cutting; pungent; searching.

Caustic <Xpage=229>

Cau"stic , n. [L. causticum (sc. medicamentum ). See Caustic , a. ] 1. Any substance or means which, applied to animal or other organic tissue, burns, corrodes, or destroys it by chemical action; an escharotic.

2. (Optics) A caustic curve or caustic surface.

Caustically <Xpage=229>

Caus"tic*al*ly , adv. In a caustic manner.

Causticily <Xpage=229>

Caus*tic"i*ly (?) , n. 1. The quality of being caustic; corrosiveness; as, the causticity of potash .

2. Severity of language; sarcasm; as, the causticity of a reply or remark .

Causticness <Xpage=229>

Caus"tic*ness (?) , n. The quality of being caustic; causticity.

Cautel <Xpage=229>

Cau"tel (?) , n. [F. caut\'8ale , L. cautela , fr. cavere to be on one's guard, to take care.] 1. Caution; prudence; wariness. [Obs.]

Fulke.

2. Craft; deceit; falseness. [Obs.]

Shak.

Cautelous <Xpage=229>

Cau"te*lous (?) , a. [F. cauteleux , LL. cautelosus . See Cautel .] 1. Caution; prudent; wary. [Obs.] " Cautelous , though young."

Drayton.

2. Crafty; deceitful; false. [Obs.]

Shak.

-- Cau"te*lous*ly , adv. -- Cau"te*lous*ness , n. [Obs.]

Cauter <Xpage=229>

Cau"ter (?) , n. [F. caut\'8are , L. cauterium , fr. Gr. <?/ a branding iron, fr. <?/ to burn. Cf. Caustic , Cautery .] A hot iron for searing or cauterizing.

Minsheu.

Cauterant <Xpage=229>

Cau"ter*ant (?) , n. A cauterizing substance.

Cauterism <Xpage=229>

Cau"ter*ism (?) , n. The use or application of a caustic; cautery.

Ferrand.

Cauterization <Xpage=229>

Cau`ter*i*za"tion (?) , n. [Cf. F. caut\'8arisation .] (Med.) The act of searing some morbid part by the application of a cautery or caustic; also, the effect of such application.

Cauterize <Xpage=229>

Cau"ter*ize (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Cauterized (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Cauterizing .] [L. cauterizare , Gr. <?/, fr. a branding iron: cf. F. caut\'82rised .. See cauter .] 1. To burn or sear with a cautery or caustic.

Dunglison.

2. To sear, as the conscience.

Jer. Taylor.

Cautery <Xpage=229>

Cau"ter*y (?) , n. ; pl. Cauteries (#) . [L. cauterium , Gr. <?/. See Cauter .] 1. (Med.) A burning or searing, as of morbid flesh, with a hot iron, or by application of a caustic that will burn, corrode, or destroy animal tissue.

2. The iron of other agent in cauterizing.

Actual cautery , a substance or agent (as a hot iron) which cauterizes or sears by actual heat; or the burning so effected. -- Potential cautery , a substance which cauterizes by chemical action; as, lunar caustic ; also, the cauterizing produced by such substance.

Caution <Xpage=229>

Cau"tion (?) , n. [F. caution a security, L. cautio , fr. cavere ( For scavere ) to be on one's guard, to take care (orig.) to be on the watch, see; akin to E. show .] 1. A careful attention to the probable effects of an act, in order that failure or harm may be avoided; prudence in regard to danger; provident care; wariness.

2. Security; guaranty; bail. [R.]

The Parliament would yet give his majesty sufficient caution that the war should be prosecuted. Clarendon.

3. Precept or warning against evil of any kind; exhortation to wariness; advice; injunction.

In way of caution I must tell you. Shak.

Caution money , money deposited by way of security or guaranty, as by a student at an English university.

Syn. -- Care; forethought; forecast; heed; prudence; watchfulness; vigilance; circumspection; anxiety; providence; counsel; advice; warning; admonition.

Caution <Xpage=229>

Cau"tion v. t. [ imp & p. p. Cautioned (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Cautioning .] To give notice of danger to; to warn; to exhort [one] to take heed.

You cautioned me against their charms. Swift.

Cautionary <Xpage=229>

Cau"tion*a*ry (?) , a. 1. Conveying a caution, or warning to avoid danger; as, cautionary signals .

2. Given as a pledge or as security.

He hated Barnevelt, for his getting the cautionary towns out of his hands. Bp. Burnet.

3. Wary; cautious. [Obs.]

Bacon.

Cautioner <Xpage=229>

Cau"tion*er (?) , n. 1. One who cautions or advises.

2. (Scots Law) A surety or sponsor.

Cautionry <Xpage=229>

Cau"tion*ry (?) , n. (Scots Law) Suretyship.

Cautious <Xpage=229>

Cau"tious (?) , a. [Cf. L. cautus , fr. caver . See Caution .] Attentive to examine probable effects and consequences of acts with a view to avoid danger or misfortune; prudent; circumspect; wary; watchful; as, a cautious general .

Cautious feeling for another's pain. Byron.