Chapter 239

Action on the case (Law) , according to the old classification (now obsolete), was an action for redress of wrongs or injuries to person or property not specially provided against by law, in which the whole cause of complaint was set out in the writ; -- called also trespass on the case , or simply case . -- All a case , a matter of indifference. [Obs.] "It is all a case to me." L'Estrange . -- Case at bar . See under Bar , n. -- Case divinity , casuistry. -- Case lawyer , one versed in the reports of cases rather than in the science of the law. -- Case stated or agreed on (Law) , a statement in writing of facts agreed on and submitted to the court for a decision of the legal points arising on them. -- A hard case , an abandoned or incorrigible person. [Colloq.] -- In any case , whatever may be the state of affairs; anyhow. -- In case , ∨ In case that , if; supposing that; in the event or contingency; if it should happen that. " In case we are surprised, keep by me." W. Irving . -- In good case , in good condition, health, or state of body. -- To put a case , to suppose a hypothetical or illustrative case.

Syn. -- Situation, condition, state; circumstances; plight; predicament; occurrence; contingency; accident; event; conjuncture; cause; action; suit.

Case <Xpage=222>

Case , v. i. To propose hypothetical cases. [Obs.] " Casing upon the matter."

L'Estrange.

Caseation <Xpage=222>

Ca`se*a"tion (?) , n. [Cf. F. cas\'82ation . See Casein .] (Med.) A degeneration of animal tissue into a cheesy or curdy mass.

Case-bay <Xpage=222>

Case"-bay` (?) , n. (Arch.) (a) The space between two principals or girders . (b) One of the joists framed between a pair of girders in naked flooring.

Caseharden <Xpage=222>

Case"hard`en (?) , v. t. 1. To subject to a process which converts the surface of iron into steel.

2. To render insensible to good influences.

Casehardened <Xpage=222>

Case"hard`ened (?) , a. 1. Having the surface hardened, as iron tools.

2. Hardened against, or insusceptible to, good influences; rendered callous by persistence in wrongdoing or resistance of good influences; -- said of persons.

Casehardening <Xpage=222>

Case"hard`en*ing , n. The act or process of converting the surface of iron into steel.

Ure.

&hand; Casehardening is now commonly effected by cementation with charcoal or other carbonizing material, the depth and degree of hardening (carbonization) depending on the time during which the iron is exposed to the heat. See Cementation .

Caseic <Xpage=222>

Ca"se*ic (?) , a. [Cf. F. cas\'82ique , fr. L. caseus cheese.] OF or pertaining to cheese; as, caseic acid .

Casein <Xpage=222>

Ca"se*in (?) , n. [Cf. F. cas\'82ine , fr. L. caseur cheese. Cf. Cheese .] (Physiol. Chem.) A proteid substance present in both the animal and the vegetable kingdom. In the animal kindom it is chiefly found in milk, and constitutes the main part of the curd separated by rennet; in the vegetable kingdom it is found more or less abundantly in the seeds of leguminous plants. Its reactions resemble those of alkali albumin. [Written also caseine .]

<-- no pos in original. = n. --> Case knife <Xpage=222>

Case" knife` (?) . 1. A knife carried in a sheath or case.

Addison.

2. A large table knife; -- so called from being formerly kept in a case .

Casemate <Xpage=222>

Case"mate (?) , n. [F. casemate , fr. It. casamatta , prob. from casa house + matto , f. matta , mad, weak, feeble, dim. from the same source as E. -mate in checkmate .]

1. (Fort.) A bombproof chamber, usually of masonry, in which cannon may be placed, to be fired through embrasures; or one capable of being used as a magazine, or for quartering troops.

2. (Arch.) A hollow molding, chiefly in cornices.

Casemated <Xpage=222>

Case"ma`ted (?) , a. Furnished with, protected by, or built like, a casemate.

Campbell.

Casement <Xpage=222>

Case"ment (?) , n. [Shortened fr. encasement . See Incase 1st Case , and cf. Incasement .] (Arch.) A window sash opening on hinges affixed to the upright side of the frame into which it is fitted. (Poetically) A window.

A casement of the great chamber window. Shak.

Casemented <Xpage=222>

Case"ment*ed , a. Having a casement or casements.

Caseous <Xpage=222>

Ca"se*ous (?) , a. [L. caseus . Cf. Casein .] Of, pertaining to, or resembling, cheese; having the qualities of cheese; cheesy.

Caseous degeneration , a morbid process, in scrofulous or consumptive persons, in which the products of inflammation are converted into a cheesy substance which is neither absorbed nor organized.

Casern <Xpage=222>

Ca"sern (?) , n. [F. caserne .] A lodging for soldiers in garrison towns, usually near the rampart; barracks.

Bescherelle.

Case shot <Xpage=222>

Case" shot` (?) . (Mil.) A collection of small projectiles, inclosed in a case or canister.

&hand; In the United States a case shot is a thin spherical or oblong cast-iron shell containing musket balls and a bursting charge, with a time fuse; -- called in Europe shrapnel . In Europe the term case shot is applied to what in the United States is called canister .

Wilhelm.

Caseum <Xpage=222>

Ca"se*um (?) , n. [L. caseus cheese.] Same as Casein .

Caseworm <Xpage=222>

Case"worm` (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) A worm or grub that makes for itself a case. See Caddice .

Cash <Xpage=222>

Cash (?) , n. [F. caisse case, box, cash box, cash. See Case a box.] A place where money is kept, or where it is deposited and paid out; a money box. [Obs.]

This bank is properly a general cash , where every man lodges his money. Sir W. Temple.

\'9c20,000 are known to be in her cash . Sir R. Winwood.

2. (Com.) (a) Ready money; especially, coin or specie; but also applied to bank notes, drafts, bonds, or any paper easily convertible into money . (b) Immediate or prompt payment in current funds; as, to sell goods for cash ; to make a reduction in price for cash .

Cash account (Bookkeeping) , an account of money received, disbursed, and on hand. -- Cash boy , in large retail stores, a messenger who carries the money received by the salesman from customers to a cashier, and returns the proper change. [Colloq.] -- Cash credit , an account with a bank by which a person or house, having given security for repayment, draws at pleasure upon the bank to the extent of an amount agreed upon; -- called also bank credit and cash account . -- Cash sales , sales made for ready, money, in distinction from those on which credit is given; stocks sold, to be delivered on the day of transaction. <-- cash on the nail. A cash payment made immediately upon receiving the thing purchased. -->

Syn. -- Money; coin; specie; currency; capital.

Cash <Xpage=222>

Cash , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Cashed (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Casing .] To pay, or to receive, cash for; to exchange for money; as, cash a note or an order .

Cash <Xpage=222>

Cash , v. t. [See Cashier .] To disband. [Obs.]

Garges.

Cash <Xpage=222>

Cash , n.sing & pl. A Chinese coin.

&hand; The cash ( Chinese tsien ) is the only current coin made by the chinese government. It is a thin circular disk of a very base alloy of copper, with a square hole in the center. 1,000 to 1,400 cash are equivalent to a dollar.

<page="223"> Page 223

Cashbook <Xpage=223>

Cash"book (?) , n. (Bookkeeping) A book in which is kept a register of money received or paid out.

Cashew <Xpage=223>

Ca*shew" (?) , n. [F. acajou , for cajou , prob. from Malay k\'beyu tree; cf. Pg. acaju , cf. Acajou .] (Bot.) A tree ( Anacardium occidentale ) of the same family which the sumac. It is native in tropical America, but is now naturalized in all tropical countries. Its fruit, a kidney-shaped nut, grows at the extremity of an edible, pear-shaped hypocarp, about three inches long.

Casbew nut , the large, kidney-shaped fruit of the cashew, which is edible after the caustic oil has been expelled from the shell by roasting the nut.

Cashier <Xpage=223>

Cash*ier" (?) , n. [F. caissier , fr. caisse . See Cash .] One who has charge of money; a cash keeper; the officer who has charge of the payments and receipts (moneys, checks, notes), of a bank or a mercantile company.

Cashier <Xpage=223>

Cash*ier" , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Cahiered (?) ; p. pr. &vb. n. Cashiering .] [Earlier cash , fr. F. casser to break, annul, cashier, fr. L. cassare , equiv. to cassum reddere , to annul; cf. G. cassiren . Cf. Quash to annul, Cass .] 1. To dismiss or discard; to discharge; to dismiss with ignominy from military service or from an office or place of frust.

They have cashiered several of their followers. Addison.

He had insolence to cashier the captain of the lord lieutenant's own body guard. Macaulay.

2. To put away or reject; to disregard. [R.]

Connections formed for interest, and endeared

By selfish views, [are] censured and cashiered . Cowper.

They absolutely cashier the literal express sense of the words. Sowth.

Cashierer <Xpage=223>

Cash*ier"er (?) , n. One who rejects, discards, or dismisses; as, a cashierer of monarchs . [R.]

Burke.

Cashmere <Xpage=223>

Cash"mere (?) , n. 1. A rich stuff for shawls, acaris, etc., originally made in Cashmere from the soft wool found beneath the hair of the goats of Cashmere, Thibet, and the Himalayas. Some cashmere, of fine quality, is richly embroidered for sale to Europeans.

2. A dress fabric made of fine wool, or of fine wool and cotton, in imitation of the original cashmere.

Cashmere shawl , a rich and costly shawl made of cashmere; -- other called camel's-hair shawl .

Cashmerette <Xpage=223>

Cash`me*rette" (?) , n. A kind of dress goods, made with a soft and glossy surface like cashmere.

Cashoo <Xpage=223>

Ca*shoo" (?) , n. [F. cachou , NL. catechu , Cochin-Chin. cay cau from the tree called mimosa , or areca catechu . Cf. Catechu .] See Catechu .

Casing <Xpage=223>

Cas"ing (?) , n. 1. The act or process of inclosing in, or covering with, a case or thin substance, as plaster, boards, etc.

2. An outside covering, for protection or ornament, or to precent the radiation of heat.

3. An inclosing frame; esp. the framework around a door or a window. See Case , n. , 4.

Casings <Xpage=223>

Ca"sings (?) , n. pl. Dried dung of cattle used as fuel. [Prov. Eng.]

Waterland.

Casino <Xpage=223>

Ca*si"no (?) , n. ; pl. E. Casinos (#) , It. Casini (#) . [It. casino , dim. of casa house, fr. L. casa cottage. Cf. Cassing .] 1. A small country house.

2. A building or room used for meetings, or public amusements, for dancing, gaming, etc.

3. A game at cards. See Cassino .

Cask <Xpage=223>

Cask (?) , n. [Sp. casco potsherd, skull, helmet, prob. fr. cascar to break, fr. L. Quassure to break. Cf. Casque , Cass .] 1. Same as Casque . [Obs.]

2. A barrel-shaped vessel made of staves headings, and hoops, usually fitted together so as to hold liquids. It may be larger or smaller than a barrel.

3. The quantity contained in a cask.

4. A casket; a small box for jewels. [Obs.]

Shak.

Cask <Xpage=223>

Cask , v. t. To put into a cask.

Casket <Xpage=223>

Cas"ket (?) , n. [Cf. F. casquet , dim. of casque belmet, fr. Sp. casco .] 1. A small chest or box, esp. of rich material or ornamental character, as for jewels, etc.

The little casket bring me hither. Shak.

2. A kind of burial case. [U. S.]

3. Anything containing or intended to contain something highly esteemed; as: (a) The body. ( Shak ). (b) The tomb. ( Milton ). (c) A book of selections. [poetic]

They found him dead . . . an empty casket . Shak.

Casket <Xpage=223>

Cas"ket , n. (Naut.) A gasket. See Gasket .

Casket <Xpage=223>

Cas"ket , v. t. To put into, or preserve in, a casket. [Poetic] "I have casketed my treasure."

Shak.

Casque <Xpage=223>

Casque (?) , n. [F. casque , fr. Sp. casco See Cask .] A piece of defensive or ornamental armor (with or without a vizor) for the head and neck; a helmet.

His casque overshadowed with brilliant plumes. Prescott.

Cass <Xpage=223>

Cass (?) , v. t. [F. casser , LL. cassare , fr. L. cassus empty, hollow, and perhaps influenced by L. quassare to shake, shatter, v. intens. of quatere to shake. Cf. Cashier , v. t. , Quash , Cask .] To render useless or void; to annul; to reject; to send away. [Obs.]

Sir W. Raleing.

Cassada <Xpage=223>

Cas"sa*da (?) , n. See Cassava .

Cassareep <Xpage=223>

Cas"sa*reep (?) , n. A condiment made from the sap of the bitter cassava ( Manihot utilissima ) deprived of its poisonous qualities, concentrated by boiling, and flavored with aromatics. See Pepper pot .

Cassate <Xpage=223>

Cas"sate (?) , v. t. [LL. cassare . See Cass .] To render void or useless; to vacate or annul. [Obs.]

Cassation <Xpage=223>

Cas*sa"tion (?) , n. [F. cassation . See Cass .] The act of annulling.

A general cassation of their constitutions. Motley.

Court of cassation , the highest court of appeal in France, which has power to quash ( Casser ) or reverse the decisions of the inferior courts.

Cassava <Xpage=223>

Cas"sa*va (?) , n. [F. cassave , Sp. cazabe , fr. kasabi , in the language of Hayti.] 1. (Bot.) A shrubby euphorbiaceous plant of the genus Manihot , with fleshy rootstocks yielding an edible starch; -- called also manioc .

&hand; There are two species, bitter and sweet , from which the cassava of commerce is prepared in the West Indies, tropical America, and Africa. The bitter ( Manihot utilissima ) is the more important; this has a poisonous sap, but by grating, pressing, and baking the root the poisonous qualities are removed. The sweet ( M. Aipi ) is used as a table vegetable.

2. A nutritious starch obtained from the rootstocks of the cassava plant, used as food and in making tapioca.

Casse Paper <Xpage=223>

Cas"se Pa"per (?) . [F. papier cass\'82 . See Cass .] Broken paper; the outside quires of a ream.

Casserole <Xpage=223>

Cas"se*role (#) n. [F. a saucepan, dim. from casse a basin.] 1. (Chem.) A small round dish with a handle, usually of porcelain.

2. (Cookery) A mold (in the shape of a hollow vessel or incasement) of boiled rice, mashed potato or paste, baked, and afterwards filled with vegetables or meat.

Cassia <Xpage=223>

Cas"sia (?) , n. [L. cassia and casia , Gr. <?/ and <?/; of Semitic origin; cf. Heb. qets\'c6\'beh , fr. q\'betsa' to cut off, to peel off.] 1. (Bot.) A genus of leguminous plants (herbs, shrubs, or trees) of many species, most of which have purgative qualities. The leaves of several species furnish the senna used in medicine.

2. The bark of several species of Cinnamommum grown in China, etc.; Chinese cinnamon. It is imported as cassia , but commonly sold as cinnamon, from which it differs more or less in strength and flavor, and the amount of outer bark attached.

&hand; The medicinal "cassia" ( Cassia pulp ) is the laxative pulp of the pods of a leguminous tree ( Cassia fistula or Pudding-pipe tree ), native in the East Indies but naturalized in various tropical countries.

Cassia bark , the bark of Cinnamomum Cassia , etc. The coarser kinds are called Cassia lignea , and are often used to adulterate true cinnamon. -- Cassia buds , the dried flower buds of several species of cinnamon ( Cinnamomum cassia , atc..). -- Cassia oil , oil extracted from cassia bark and cassia buds; -- called also oil of cinnamon .

Cassican <Xpage=223>

Cas"si*can (?) , n. [NL. cassicus helmeted, fr. L. cassis a belmet.] (Zo\'94l.) An American bird of the genus Cassicus , allied to the starlings and orioles, remarkable for its skillfully constructed and suspended nest; the crested oriole. The name is also sometimes given to the piping crow, an Australian bird.

Cassideous <Xpage=223>

Cas*sid"e*ous (?) , a. [L. Cassis helmet.] (Bot.) Helmet-shaped; -- applied to a corolla having a broad, helmet-shaped upper petal, as in aconite.

Cassidony <Xpage=223>

Cas"si*do*ny (?) , n. [Cf. LL. cassidonium , F. Cassidoine . See Chalcedony .] (Bot.) (a) The French lavender ( Lawandula Stachas ) . (b) The goldilocks (Chrysocoma linosyris) and perhaps other plants related to the genus Gnaphalium or cudweed.

Cassimere <Xpage=223>

Cas"si*mere (?) , n. [Cf. F. casimir , prob. of the same origin as E. cashmere . Cf. Kerseymere .] A thin, twilled, woolen cloth, used for men's garments. [Written also kerseymere .]

Cassinette <Xpage=223>

Cas`si*nette" (?) , n. [Cf. Sp. casinete , G. cassinet .] A cloth with a cotton wart, and a woof of very fine wool, or wool and silk.

Cassinian ovals <Xpage=223>

Cas*sin"i*an o"vals (?) . (Math.) See under Oval .

Cassino <Xpage=223>

Cas*si"no (?) , n. [It. casino a small house, a gaming house. See asing .] A game at cards, played by two or more persons, usually for twenty-one points.

Great cassino , the ten of diamonds. -- Little cassino , the two of spades.

<-- 2. a gaming house, often containing slot machines, roulette tables, craps tables and/or card games. -->

Cassioberry <Xpage=223>

Cas"si*o*ber`ry (?) , n. [NL. cassine , from the language of the Florida Indians.] The fruit of the Viburnum obovatum , a shrub which grows from Virginia to Florida.

Cassiopeia <Xpage=223>