Chapter 238

Car"ti*la*gin`i*fi*ca"tion (?) , n. [L. cartilago , -laginis , cartilage + facere to make.] The act or process of forming cartilage.

Wright.

Cartilaginous <Xpage=221>

Car`ti*lag"i*nous (?) , a. [L. cartilaginosus : cf. F. cartilagineux .] 1. Of or pertaining to cartilage; gristly; firm and tough like cartilage.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Having the skeleton in the state of cartilage, the bones containing little or no calcareous matter; said of certain fishes, as the sturgeon and the sharks.

Cartman <Xpage=221>

Cart"man (?) , n. ; pl. Cartmen (<?/) . One who drives or uses a cart; a teamster; a carter.

Cartographer <Xpage=221>

Car*tog"ra*pher (?) , n. One who make charts or maps.

Cartographic, Cartographical <Xpage=221>

Car`to*graph"ic (?) , Car`to*graph"ic*al (?) , a. Of or pertaining to cartography.

Cartographically <Xpage=221>

Car`to*graph"ic*al*ly , adv. By cartography.

Cartography <Xpage=221>

Car*tog"ra*phy (?) , n. [Cf. F. cartographie . See Card , and -graphy .] The act business of forming chart's or maps.

Cartomancy <Xpage=221>

Car"to*man`cy (?) , n. [Cf. F. cartomancie . See Card , and -mancy .] The act of telling fortunes with cards.

Carton <Xpage=221>

Car"ton (?) , n. [F. See Cartoon .] Pasteboard for paper boxes; also, a pasteboard box.

Carton pierre (<?/) , a species of papier-mach\'82 , imitating stone or bronze sculpture.

Knight.

Cartoon <Xpage=221>

Car*toon" (?) , n. [F. carton (cf. It. cartons pasteboard, cartoon.); fr. L. charta . See 1st card .]

1. A design or study drawn of the full size, to serve as a model for transferring or copying; -- used in the making of mosaics, tapestries, fresco pantings and the like; as, the cartoons of Raphael .

2. A large pictorial sketch, as in a journal or magazine; esp. a pictorial caricature; as , the cartoons of "Puck."

Cartoonist <Xpage=221>

Car"toon"ist , n. One skilled in drawing cartoons.

Cartouch <Xpage=221>

Car*touch" (?) , n. ; pl. Cartouches (#) [F. cartouche , It. cartuccia , cartoccio , cornet, cartouch, fr. L. charta paper. See 1st Card , and cf. Cartridge .]

1. (Mil.) (a) A roll or case of paper, etc., holding a charge for a firearm; a cartridge . (b) A cartridge box . (c) A wooden case filled with balls, to be shot from a cannon. (d) A gunner's bag for ammunition . (e) A military pass for a soldier on furlough.

2. (Arch.) (a) A cantalever, console, corbel, or modillion, which has the form of a scroll of paper . (b) A tablet for ornament, or for receiving an inscription, formed like a sheet of paper with the edges rolled up; hence, any tablet of ornamental form.

3. (Egyptian Antiq.) An oval figure on monuments, and in papyri, containing the name of a sovereign.

Cartridge <Xpage=221>

Car"tridge (?) , n. [Formerlly cartrage , corrupted fr. F. cartouche . See Cartouch .] (Mil.) A complete charge for a firearm, contained in, or held together by, a case, capsule, or shell of metal, pasteboard, or other material.

Ball cartridge , a cartridge containing a projectile. -- Blank cartrige , a cartridge without a projectile, -- Center-fire cartridge , a cartridge in which the fulminate occupies an axial position usually in the center of the base of the capsule, instead of being contained in its rim. In the Prussian needle gun the fulminate is applied to the middle of the base of the bullet. Rim-fire cartridge , a cartridge in which the fulminate is contained in a rim surrounding its base. -- Cartridge bag , a bag of woolen cloth, to hold a charge for a cannon. -- Cartridge belt , a belt having pocket for cartridges. -- Cartridge box , a case, usually of leather, attached to a belt or strap, for holding cartridges. -- Cartridge paper . (a) A thick stout paper for inclosing cartridges. (b) A rough tinted paper used for covering walls, and also for making drawings upon.

Cartulary <Xpage=221>

Car"tu*la*ry (?) , n. ; pl. Cartularies . [LL. cartularium , chartularium , fr. L. charta paper: cf. F. cartulaire . See 1st Card .]

1. A register, or record, as of a monastery or church.

2. An ecclesiastical officer who had charge of records or other public papers.

Cartway <Xpage=221>

Cart"way` (?) , n. A way or road for carts.

Cartwright <Xpage=221>

Cart"wright` (?) , n. [ Cart + wright .] An artificer who makes carts; a cart maker.

Carucage <Xpage=221>

Car"u*cage (?) , n. [LL. carrucagium (OF. charuage .), fr. LL. carruca plow, fr. L. carruca coach.]

1. (Old Eng. Law.) A tax on every plow or plowland.

2. The act of plowing. [R.]

Carucate <Xpage=221>

Car"u*cate (?) , n. [LL. carucata , carrucata . See Carucage .] A plowland; as much land as one team can plow in a year and a day; -- by some said to be about 100 acres.

Burrill.

Caruncle, Caruncula <Xpage=221>

Car"un*cle (?) , Ca*run"cu*la (?) , n. [L. caruncula a little piece of flesh, dim. of caro flesh.] 1. (Anat.) A small fleshy prominence or excrescence; especially the small, reddish body, the caruncula lacrymalis , in the inner angle of the eye.

2. (Bot.) An excrescence or appendage surrounding or near the hilum of a seed.

3. (Zo\'94l.) A naked, flesh appendage, on the head of a bird, as the wattles of a turkey, etc.

Caruncular, Carunculous <Xpage=221>

Ca*run"cu*lar (?) , Ca*run"cu*lous (?) , a. Of, pertaining to, or like, a caruncle; furnished with caruncles.

Carunculate, Carunculated <Xpage=221>

Ca*run"cu*late (?) , Ca*run"cu*la`ted (?) , a. Having a caruncle or caruncles; caruncular.

<page="222"> Page 222

Carus <Xpage=222>

Ca"rus (?) , n. [NL., fr. Gr. <?/.] (Med.) Coma with complete insensibility; deep lethargy.

Carvacrol <Xpage=222>

Car"va*crol (?) , n. (Chem.) A thick oily liquid, C10H13.OH , of a strong taste and disagreeable odor, obtained from oil of caraway ( Carum carui ).

Carve <Xpage=222>

Carve (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Carved (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Carving .] [AS. ceorfan to cut, carve; akin to D. kerven , G. kerben , Dan. karve , Sw. karfva , and to Gr. <?/ to write, orig. to scatch, and E. -graphy . Cf. Graphic .] 1. To cut. [Obs.]

Or they will carven the shepherd's throat. Spenser.

2. To cut, as wood, stone, or other material, in an artistic or decorative manner; to sculpture; to engrave.

Carved with figures strange and sweet. Coleridge.

3. To make or shape by cutting, sculpturing, or engraving; to form; as, to carve a name on a tree .

An angel carved in stone. Tennyson.

We carved not a line, and we raised not a stone. C. Wolfe.

4. To cut into small pieces or slices, as meat at table; to divide for distribution or apportionment; to apportion. "To carve a capon." <-- = carve up --> Shak.

5. To cut: to hew; to mark as if by cutting.

My good blade carved the casques of men. Tennyson.

A million wrinkles carved his skin. Tennyson.

6. To take or make, as by cutting; to provide.

Who could easily have carved themselves their own food. South.

7. To lay out; to contrive; to design; to plan.

Lie ten nights awake carving the fashion of a new doublet. Shak.

To carve out , to make or get by cutting, or as if by cutting; to cut out. "[Macbeth] with his brandished steel . . . carved out his passage."

Shak.

Fortunes were carved out of the property of the crown. Macaulay.

Carve <Xpage=222>

Carve , v. i. 1. To exercise the trade of a sculptor or carver; to engrave or cut figures.

2. To cut up meat; as, to carve for all the guests .

Carve <Xpage=222>

Carve , n. A carucate. [Obs.]

Burrill.

Carvel <Xpage=222>

Car"vel (?) , n. [Contr. fr. caravel .] 1. Same as Caravel .

2. A species of jellyfish; sea blubber.

Sir T. Herbert.

Carvelbuilt <Xpage=222>

Car"vel*built (?) , a. (Shipbuilding) Having the planks meet flush at the seams, instead of lapping as in a clinker-built vessel.

Carven <Xpage=222>

Car"ven (?) , a. Wrought by carving; ornamented by carvings; carved. [Poetic]

A carven bowl well wrought of beechen tree. Bp. Hall.

The carven cedarn doors. Tennyson.

A screen of carven ivory. Mrs. Browning.

Carvene <Xpage=222>

Car"vene (?) , n. [F. carvi caraway.] An oily substance, C10H16 , extracted from oil caraway.

Carver <Xpage=222>

Carv"er (?) , n. 1. One who carves; one who shapes or fashions by carving, or as by carving; esp. one who carves decorative forms, architectural adornments, etc. "The carver's chisel."

Dodsley.

The carver of his fortunes. Sharp (Richardson's Dict. )

2. One who carves or divides meat at table.

3. A large knife for carving.

Carving <Xpage=222>

Carv"ing , n. 1. The act or art of one who carves.

2. A piece of decorative work cut in stone, wood, or other material. " Carving in wood."

Sir W. Temple.

3. The whole body of decorative sculpture of any kind or epoch, or in any material; as, the Italian carving of the 15th century .

Carvist <Xpage=222>

Car"vist (?) , n. [A corruption of carry fist .] (Falconary) A hawk which is of proper age and training to be carried on the hand; a hawk in its first year.

Booth.

Carvol <Xpage=222>

Car"vol (?) , n. (Chem.) One of a species of aromatic oils, resembling carvacrol.

Car wheel <Xpage=222>

Car" wheel` (?) , A flanged wheel of a railway car or truck.

Caryatic, Caryatid <Xpage=222>

Car`y*at"ic (?) , Car`y*at"id (?) , a. Of or pertaining to a caryatid.

Caryatid <Xpage=222>

Car`y*at"id (?) , n. ; pl. Caryatids (#) [See Caryatides .] (Arch.) A draped female figure supporting an entablature, in the place of a column or pilaster.

Caryatides <Xpage=222>

Car`y*at"i*des (?) , n. pl. [L., fr. Gr. <?/ (<?/) priestesses in the temple of Diana (the Greek Artemis) at Cary\'91 (Gr. <?/), a village in Laconia; as an architectural term, caryatids.] (Arch) Caryatids.

&hand; Corresponding male figures were called Atlantes , Telamones , and Persians .

Caryophyllaceous <Xpage=222>

Car`y*o*phyl*la"ceous (?) , a. [Gr. <?/ clove tree; <?/ nut + <?/ leaf.] (Bot.) (a) Having corollas of five petals with long claws inclosed in a tubular, calyx, as the pink . (b) Belonging to the family of which the pink and the carnation are the types.

Caryophyllin <Xpage=222>

Car`y*oph"yl*lin (?) , n. (Chem.) A tasteless and odorless crystalline substance, extracted from cloves, polymeric with common camphor.

Caryophyllous <Xpage=222>

Car`y*oph"yl*lous (?) , a. Caryophyllaceous.

Caryopsis <Xpage=222>

Car`y*op"sis (?) , n. ; pl. Caryopses (#) . [NL., fr. gr. <?/ hut, kernel + <?/ sight, form.] (Bot.) A one-celled, dry, indehiscent fruit, with a thin membranous pericarp, adhering closely to the seed, so that fruit and seed are incorporated in one body, forming a single grain, as of wheat, barley, etc.

Casal <Xpage=222>

Ca"sal (?) , a. (Gram.) Of or pertaining to case; as, a casal ending .

Cascabel <Xpage=222>

Cas"ca*bel (?) , n. [Sp. cascabel a little bell, also (fr. the shape), a knob at the breech end of a cannon.] The projection in rear of the breech of a cannon, usually a knob or breeching loop connected with the gun by a neck. In old writers it included all in rear of the base ring. [See Illust . of Cannon .]

Cascade <Xpage=222>

Cas*cade" (?) , n. [F. cascade , fr. It. cascata , fr. cascare to ball.] A fall of water over a precipice, as in a river or brook; a waterfall less than a cataract.

The silver brook . . . pours the white cascade . Longjellow.

Now murm'ring soft, now roaring in cascade . Cawper.

Cascade <Xpage=222>

Cas*cade" , v. i. 1. To fall in a cascade.

Lowell.

2. To vomit. [Slang]

Smollett.

Cascalho <Xpage=222>

Cas*cal"ho (?) , n. [Pg., a chip of stone, gravel.] A deposit of pebbles, gravel, and ferruginous sand, in which the Brazilian diamond is usually found.

Cascara sagrada <Xpage=222>

Cas"ca*ra sa*gra"da (?) . [Sp.] Holy bark; the bark of the California buckthorn ( Rhamnus Purshianus ), used as a mild cathartic or laxative.

Cascarilla <Xpage=222>

Cas`ca*ril"la (?) , n. [Sp., small thin bark, Peruvian bark, dim. of c\'a0scara bark.] (Bot.) A euphorbiaceous West Indian shrub ( Croton Eleutheria ); also, its aromatic bark.

Cascarilla bark (&or; Cascarila ) (Med.) , the bark of Croton Eleutheria . It has an aromatic odor and a warm, spicy, bitter taste, and when burnt emits a musky odor. It is used as a gentle tonic, and sometimes, for the sake of its fragrance, mixed with smoking tobacco, when it is said to occasion vertigo and intoxication.

Cascarillin <Xpage=222>

Cas`ca*ril"lin (?) , n. (Chem.) A white, crystallizable, bitter substance extracted from oil of cascarilla.

Case <Xpage=222>

Case (?) , n. [OF. casse , F. caisse (cf. It. cassa ), fr. L. capsa chest, box, case, fr. caper to take, hold See Capacious , and cf. 4th Chase , Cash , Enchase , 3d Sash .]

1. A box, sheath, or covering; as, a case for holding goods; a case for spectacles; the case of a watch; the case (capsule) of a cartridge; a case (cover) for a book.

2. A box and its contents; the quantity contained in a box; as, a case of goods; a case of instruments.

3. (Print.) A shallow tray divided into compartments or "boxes" for holding type.

&hand; Cases for type are usually arranged in sets of two, called respectively the upper and the lower case. The upper case contains capitals, small capitals, accented; the lower case contains the small letters, figures, marks of punctuation, quadrats, and spaces.

4. An inclosing frame; a casing; as, a door case ; a window case .

5. (Mining) A small fissure which admits water to the workings.

Knight.

Case <Xpage=222>

Case , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Cased (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Casing .] 1. To cover or protect with, or as with, a case; to inclose.

The man who, cased in steel, had passed whole days and nights in the saddle. Prescott.

2. To strip the skin from; as, to case a box . [Obs.]

Case <Xpage=222>

Case , n. [F. cas , fr. L. casus , fr. cadere to fall, to happen. Cf. Chance .] 1. Chance; accident; hap; opportunity. [Obs.]

By aventure, or sort, or cas . Chaucer.

2. That which befalls, comes, or happens; an event; an instance; a circumstance, or all the circumstamces; condition; state of things; affair; as, a strange case ; a case of injustice; the case of the Indian tribes.

In any case thou shalt deliver him the pledge. Deut. xxiv. 13.

If the case of the man be so with his wife. Matt. xix. 10.

And when a lady's in the case . You know all other things give place. Gay.

You think this madness but a common case . Pope.

I am in case to justle a constable, Shak.

3. (Med. & Surg.) A patient under treatment; an instance of sickness or injury; as, ten cases of fever ; also, the history of a disease or injury.

A proper remedy in hypochondriacal cases . Arbuthnot.

4. (Law) The matters of fact or conditions involved in a suit, as distinguished from the questions of law; a suit or action at law; a cause.

Let us consider the reason of the case , for nothing is law that is not reason. Sir John Powell.

Not one case in the reports of our courts. Steele.

5. (Gram.) One of the forms, or the inflections or changes of form, of a noun, pronoun, or adjective, which indicate its relation to other words, and in the aggregate constitute its declension; the relation which a noun or pronoun sustains to some other word.

Case is properly a falling off from the nominative or first state of word; the name for which, however, is now, by extension of its signification, applied also to the nominative. J. W. Gibbs.

&hand; Cases other than the nominative are oblique cases . Case endings are terminations by which certain cases are distinguished. In old English, as in Latin, nouns had several cases distinguished by case endings , but in modern English only that of the possessive case is retained.